Title: Visualization, understanding, and mitigation of process-induced-membrane irregularities in gas diffusion electrode-based polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

Abstract

Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) show substantial promise for their application in electric vehicles. For large-scale manufacturing of PEMFCs, roll-to-roll coated gas-diffusion-electrodes (GDE) offer certain advantages over other production pathways. Procedures including hot pressing and coating an ionomer overlayer may be necessary for this manufacturing pathway to enable a suitable catalyst layer/membrane interface. The same procedures may potentially introduce membrane irregularities, especially when thin membranes are used. Limited understanding exists regarding if and to what extent such irregularities impact PEMFC performance and lifetime, and therefore be considered defects. In this study, NREL's customized fuel cell hardware that enables quasi in-situ infrared (IR) thermography studies was utilized to visualize spatial hydrogen crossover and identify membrane irregularities that originated from the GDE-based MEA fabrication process. The structure of these membrane irregularities was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and its impact on initial H2/air performance was determined. Accelerated stress testing (AST) revealed that these irregularities develop into failure point locations. These results were validated across many MEAs with identified process-induced membrane irregularities. By selecting specific gas diffusion media properties and by fine tuning the MEA hot pressing parameters, the formation of such membrane irregularities was mitigated.

Authors:

Wang, Min  ^[1];

• Search DOE PAGES for author "Wang, Min"
• Search DOE PAGES for ORCID "0000-0002-5051-9199"

Medina, Samantha  ^[2];

• Search DOE PAGES for author "Medina, Samantha"
• Search DOE PAGES for ORCID "0000-0002-9980-0133"

Ochoa-Lozano, Josias  ^[3];

• Search DOE PAGES for author "Ochoa-Lozano, Josias"
• Search DOE PAGES for ORCID "0000-0002-9889-8618"

Mauger, Scott  ^[1];

• Search DOE PAGES for author "Mauger, Scott"
• Search DOE PAGES for ORCID "0000-0003-2787-5029"

Pylypenko, Svitlana  ^[4];

• Search DOE PAGES for author "Pylypenko, Svitlana"
• Search DOE PAGES for ORCID "0000-0001-7982-734X"

Ulsh, Michael  ^[1];

• Search DOE PAGES for author "Ulsh, Michael"
• Search DOE PAGES for ORCID "0000-0003-3725-8032"

Bender, Guido  ^[1]

• Search DOE PAGES for author "Bender, Guido"
• Search DOE PAGES for ORCID "0000-0003-3777-4707"

---

+ Show Author Affiliations

1. National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
2. Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO (United States)
3. National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States); Univ. of California, Riverside, CA (United States)
4. National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States); Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO (United States)

Publication Date:

Fri Feb 19 00:00:00 EST 2021

Research Org.:

National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:

USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technologies Office (EE-3F); USDOE

OSTI Identifier:

1769844

Alternate Identifier(s):

OSTI ID: 1775192

Report Number(s):

NREL/JA-5900-79294
Journal ID: ISSN 0360-3199; MainId:33520;UUID:08e9549d-33f0-420f-a359-1d35e04fa7a3;MainAdminID:19803

Grant/Contract Number:  

AC36-08GO28308

Resource Type:

Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

Additional Journal Information:

Journal Volume: 46; Journal Issue: 27; Journal ID: ISSN 0360-3199

Publisher:

Elsevier

Country of Publication:

United States

Language:

English

Subject:

08 HYDROGEN; PEMFC; MEA; membrane irregularity; hot pressing; IR; AST