Exciting prospects for detecting late-time neutrinos from core-collapse supernovae
Abstract
The importance of detecting neutrinos from a Milky Way core-collapse supernova is well known. An understudied phase is proto-neutron star cooling. For SN 1987A, this seemingly began at about 2 s and is thus probed by only 6 of the 19 events (and only the $$\bar{ν}_e$$ flavor) in the Kamiokande-II and IMB detectors. With the higher statistics expected for present and near-future detectors, it should be possible to measure detailed neutrino signals out to very late times. Here, we present the first comprehensive study of neutrino detection during the proto-neutron star cooling phase, considering a variety of outcomes, using all flavors, and employing detailed detector physics. For our nominal model, the event yields (at 10 kpc) after 10 s—the approximate duration of the SN 1987A signal—far exceed the entire SN 1987A yield, with ≃ 250 $$\bar{ν}_e$$ events (to 50 s) in Super-Kamiokande, ≃ 110 νe events (40 s) in the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE), and ≃10 $$ν_μ, ν_τ, \bar{ν}_μ, \bar{ν}_τ$$ events (to 20 s) in the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory. These data would allow unprecedented probes of the proto-neutron star, including the onset of neutrino transparency and hence its transition to a neutron star. If a black hole forms, even at very late times, this can be clearly identified. But will the detectors fulfill their potential for this perhaps once-ever opportunity for an all-flavor, high-statistics detection of a core collapse? Maybe. Further work is urgently needed, especially for DUNE to thoroughly investigate and improve its MeV capabilities.
- Authors:
-
[1];
[2];
[3]
- The Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH (United States). Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics (CCAPP); SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
- Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI (United States). National Superconducting Cyclotron Lab.
- The Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH (United States). Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics (CCAPP)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1768222
- Grant/Contract Number:
- PHY-1714479; AC02-76SF00515; SC0017955
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Physical Review. D.
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 103; Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 2470-0010
- Publisher:
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS
Citation Formats
Li, Shirley Weishi, Roberts, Luke F., and Beacom, John F. Exciting prospects for detecting late-time neutrinos from core-collapse supernovae. United States: N. p., 2021.
Web. doi:10.1103/physrevd.103.023016.
Li, Shirley Weishi, Roberts, Luke F., & Beacom, John F. Exciting prospects for detecting late-time neutrinos from core-collapse supernovae. United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.103.023016
Li, Shirley Weishi, Roberts, Luke F., and Beacom, John F. Tue .
"Exciting prospects for detecting late-time neutrinos from core-collapse supernovae". United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.103.023016. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1768222.
@article{osti_1768222,
title = {Exciting prospects for detecting late-time neutrinos from core-collapse supernovae},
author = {Li, Shirley Weishi and Roberts, Luke F. and Beacom, John F.},
abstractNote = {The importance of detecting neutrinos from a Milky Way core-collapse supernova is well known. An understudied phase is proto-neutron star cooling. For SN 1987A, this seemingly began at about 2 s and is thus probed by only 6 of the 19 events (and only the $\bar{ν}_e$ flavor) in the Kamiokande-II and IMB detectors. With the higher statistics expected for present and near-future detectors, it should be possible to measure detailed neutrino signals out to very late times. Here, we present the first comprehensive study of neutrino detection during the proto-neutron star cooling phase, considering a variety of outcomes, using all flavors, and employing detailed detector physics. For our nominal model, the event yields (at 10 kpc) after 10 s—the approximate duration of the SN 1987A signal—far exceed the entire SN 1987A yield, with ≃ 250 $\bar{ν}_e$ events (to 50 s) in Super-Kamiokande, ≃ 110 νe events (40 s) in the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE), and ≃10 $ν_μ, ν_τ, \bar{ν}_μ, \bar{ν}_τ$ events (to 20 s) in the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory. These data would allow unprecedented probes of the proto-neutron star, including the onset of neutrino transparency and hence its transition to a neutron star. If a black hole forms, even at very late times, this can be clearly identified. But will the detectors fulfill their potential for this perhaps once-ever opportunity for an all-flavor, high-statistics detection of a core collapse? Maybe. Further work is urgently needed, especially for DUNE to thoroughly investigate and improve its MeV capabilities.},
doi = {10.1103/physrevd.103.023016},
journal = {Physical Review. D.},
number = 2,
volume = 103,
place = {United States},
year = {Tue Jan 19 00:00:00 EST 2021},
month = {Tue Jan 19 00:00:00 EST 2021}
}
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