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Title: Cryogenic Operation of Planar Ultrananocrystalline Diamond Field Emission Source in SRF Injector

Abstract

In this work, we report a demonstration of electron beam generation in a superconducting radio frequency (SRF) Teraelectronvolt Energy Superconducting Linear Accelerator 1.3 GHz gun equipped with a field emission cathode and operated at 2 K. The cathode is a submicrometer film of nitrogen-incorporated ultrananocrystalline diamond [(N)UNCD] deposited atop a Nb RRR300 cathode plug that is 4 mm in diameter. Measurements of the output current showed that it increased exponentially as a function of the gun gradient. Our results demonstrate a feasible path toward simplified fully cryogenic SRF injector technology. At a maximal gradient of 0.9 MV/m, a current density of 22 μA/cm2 was obtained [calculated as a 2.75 μA current over the total cathode surface area of π(2 mm)2]. One important finding is that the electron emitter made of (N)UNCD, a material long been known as a highly efficient field emission material, demonstrated a record low turn-on gradient of 0.6 MV/m. A hypothesis explaining this behavior is proposed.

Authors:
 [1];  [2];  [3];  [3];  [4];  [3];  [5];  [2];  [6];  [2];  [7];  [7]
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI (United States)
  2. Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
  3. Euclid TechLabs, Bolingbrook, IL (United States)
  4. Euclid TechLabs, Bolingbrook, IL (United States); Leidos, Reston, VA (United States)
  5. Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States); Fermi National Accelerator Lab. (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States)
  6. Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States); Central Academy of Drama of China, Beijing (China)
  7. Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Lemont, IL (United States). Center for Nanoscale Materials
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States); Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP); USDOE Office of Technology Transitions (OTT)
OSTI Identifier:
1764006
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1823267
Report Number(s):
BNL-220965-2021-JAAM
Journal ID: ISSN 0003-6951; TRN: US2206128
Grant/Contract Number:  
SC0012704; AC02-06CH11357; SC0013145; ED2701000-05450-1009209
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Applied Physics Letters
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 118; Journal Issue: 5; Journal ID: ISSN 0003-6951
Publisher:
American Institute of Physics (AIP)
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS; Carbon based materials; Diamond; Particle accelerators; Field emitter arrays; Raman spectroscopy

Citation Formats

Baryshev, Sergey V., Wang, Erdong, Jing, Chunguang, Jabotinski, Vadim, Antipov, Sergey, Kanareykin, Alexei, Belomestnykh, Sergey, Ben-Zvi, Ilan, Chen, Lizhi, Wu, Qiong, Li, Hao, and Sumant, Anirudha V. Cryogenic Operation of Planar Ultrananocrystalline Diamond Field Emission Source in SRF Injector. United States: N. p., 2021. Web. doi:10.1063/5.0013172.
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Baryshev, Sergey V., Wang, Erdong, Jing, Chunguang, Jabotinski, Vadim, Antipov, Sergey, Kanareykin, Alexei, Belomestnykh, Sergey, Ben-Zvi, Ilan, Chen, Lizhi, Wu, Qiong, Li, Hao, & Sumant, Anirudha V. Cryogenic Operation of Planar Ultrananocrystalline Diamond Field Emission Source in SRF Injector. United States. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0013172
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Baryshev, Sergey V., Wang, Erdong, Jing, Chunguang, Jabotinski, Vadim, Antipov, Sergey, Kanareykin, Alexei, Belomestnykh, Sergey, Ben-Zvi, Ilan, Chen, Lizhi, Wu, Qiong, Li, Hao, and Sumant, Anirudha V. Fri . "Cryogenic Operation of Planar Ultrananocrystalline Diamond Field Emission Source in SRF Injector". United States. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0013172. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1764006.
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@article{osti_1764006,
title = {Cryogenic Operation of Planar Ultrananocrystalline Diamond Field Emission Source in SRF Injector},
author = {Baryshev, Sergey V. and Wang, Erdong and Jing, Chunguang and Jabotinski, Vadim and Antipov, Sergey and Kanareykin, Alexei and Belomestnykh, Sergey and Ben-Zvi, Ilan and Chen, Lizhi and Wu, Qiong and Li, Hao and Sumant, Anirudha V.},
abstractNote = {In this work, we report a demonstration of electron beam generation in a superconducting radio frequency (SRF) Teraelectronvolt Energy Superconducting Linear Accelerator 1.3 GHz gun equipped with a field emission cathode and operated at 2 K. The cathode is a submicrometer film of nitrogen-incorporated ultrananocrystalline diamond [(N)UNCD] deposited atop a Nb RRR300 cathode plug that is 4 mm in diameter. Measurements of the output current showed that it increased exponentially as a function of the gun gradient. Our results demonstrate a feasible path toward simplified fully cryogenic SRF injector technology. At a maximal gradient of 0.9 MV/m, a current density of 22 μA/cm2 was obtained [calculated as a 2.75 μA current over the total cathode surface area of π(2 mm)2]. One important finding is that the electron emitter made of (N)UNCD, a material long been known as a highly efficient field emission material, demonstrated a record low turn-on gradient of 0.6 MV/m. A hypothesis explaining this behavior is proposed.},
doi = {10.1063/5.0013172},
journal = {Applied Physics Letters},
number = 5,
volume = 118,
place = {United States},
year = {Fri Jan 29 00:00:00 EST 2021},
month = {Fri Jan 29 00:00:00 EST 2021}
}
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