DOE PAGES title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information

Title: Group-IV monochalcogenide monolayers: Two-dimensional ferroelectrics with weak intralayer bonds and a phosphorenelike monolayer dissociation energy

Abstract

We performed density functional theory calculations with self-consistent van der Waals corrected exchange-correlation (XC) functionals to capture the structure of black phosphorus and twelve monochalcogenide monolayers and find the following results, which are independent of XC choice: (a) The in-plane unit cell changes its area in going from the bulk to a monolayer. Such structural behavior is unlike the one seen in more traditional two-dimensional materials such as graphene or MoS2, in which monolayers keep their structure upon exfoliation. The change of in-plane distances implies that bonds weaker than covalent or ionic ones are at work within the monolayers themselves and may require corrections beyond PBE XC. This observation is relevant for the prediction of the critical temperature Tc and important for that reason. (b) There exists a hierarchy of independent parameters that uniquely define a ground state ferroelectric unit cell (and square and rectangular paraelectric unit cells as well): only 5 optimizable parameters are needed to establish the unit cell vectors and the four basis vectors of the ferroelectric ground state unit cell, while square and rectangular paraelectric structures are defined by only three or two independent optimizable variables, respectively. (c) The reduced number of independent structural variables correlatesmore » with larger elastic energy barriers on a rectangular paraelectric unit cell when compared to the elastic energy barrier of a square paraelectric structure. This implies that Tc obtained on a structure that keeps the lattice parameters fixed (for example, using an NVT ensemble) should be larger than the transition temperature on a structure that is allowed to change in-plane lattice vectors (for example, using the NPT ensemble). (d) Surprisingly, the dissociation energy (bulk cleavage energy) of these materials is similar to the energy required to exfoliate graphite and MoS2. (e) There exists a linear relation among the square paraelectric unit cell lattice parameter and the lattice parameters of the rectangular ferroelectric ground state unit cell. Lastly, these results highlight the subtle atomistic structure and chemical bond of these novel 2D ferroelectrics.« less

Authors:
 [1]; ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [1]
  1. Univ. of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Univ. of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Scientific User Facilities Division
OSTI Identifier:
1763371
Grant/Contract Number:  
SC0016139; DMR-1610126; AC02-05CH11231; 0722625; 0959124; 0963249; 0918970
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Physical Review Materials
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 3; Journal Issue: 12; Related Information: https://journals.aps.org/prmaterials/supplemental/10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.3.124004; Journal ID: ISSN 2475-9953
Publisher:
American Physical Society (APS)
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND SUPERFLUIDITY; Ferroelectricity; First-principles calculations; Mechanical properties of membranes; Structural properties

Citation Formats

Poudel, Shiva P., Villanova, John W., and Barraza-Lopez, Salvador. Group-IV monochalcogenide monolayers: Two-dimensional ferroelectrics with weak intralayer bonds and a phosphorenelike monolayer dissociation energy. United States: N. p., 2019. Web. doi:10.1103/physrevmaterials.3.124004.
Poudel, Shiva P., Villanova, John W., & Barraza-Lopez, Salvador. Group-IV monochalcogenide monolayers: Two-dimensional ferroelectrics with weak intralayer bonds and a phosphorenelike monolayer dissociation energy. United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevmaterials.3.124004
Poudel, Shiva P., Villanova, John W., and Barraza-Lopez, Salvador. Mon . "Group-IV monochalcogenide monolayers: Two-dimensional ferroelectrics with weak intralayer bonds and a phosphorenelike monolayer dissociation energy". United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevmaterials.3.124004. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1763371.
@article{osti_1763371,
title = {Group-IV monochalcogenide monolayers: Two-dimensional ferroelectrics with weak intralayer bonds and a phosphorenelike monolayer dissociation energy},
author = {Poudel, Shiva P. and Villanova, John W. and Barraza-Lopez, Salvador},
abstractNote = {We performed density functional theory calculations with self-consistent van der Waals corrected exchange-correlation (XC) functionals to capture the structure of black phosphorus and twelve monochalcogenide monolayers and find the following results, which are independent of XC choice: (a) The in-plane unit cell changes its area in going from the bulk to a monolayer. Such structural behavior is unlike the one seen in more traditional two-dimensional materials such as graphene or MoS2, in which monolayers keep their structure upon exfoliation. The change of in-plane distances implies that bonds weaker than covalent or ionic ones are at work within the monolayers themselves and may require corrections beyond PBE XC. This observation is relevant for the prediction of the critical temperature Tc and important for that reason. (b) There exists a hierarchy of independent parameters that uniquely define a ground state ferroelectric unit cell (and square and rectangular paraelectric unit cells as well): only 5 optimizable parameters are needed to establish the unit cell vectors and the four basis vectors of the ferroelectric ground state unit cell, while square and rectangular paraelectric structures are defined by only three or two independent optimizable variables, respectively. (c) The reduced number of independent structural variables correlates with larger elastic energy barriers on a rectangular paraelectric unit cell when compared to the elastic energy barrier of a square paraelectric structure. This implies that Tc obtained on a structure that keeps the lattice parameters fixed (for example, using an NVT ensemble) should be larger than the transition temperature on a structure that is allowed to change in-plane lattice vectors (for example, using the NPT ensemble). (d) Surprisingly, the dissociation energy (bulk cleavage energy) of these materials is similar to the energy required to exfoliate graphite and MoS2. (e) There exists a linear relation among the square paraelectric unit cell lattice parameter and the lattice parameters of the rectangular ferroelectric ground state unit cell. Lastly, these results highlight the subtle atomistic structure and chemical bond of these novel 2D ferroelectrics.},
doi = {10.1103/physrevmaterials.3.124004},
journal = {Physical Review Materials},
number = 12,
volume = 3,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Dec 23 00:00:00 EST 2019},
month = {Mon Dec 23 00:00:00 EST 2019}
}

Works referenced in this record:

Generalized Gradient Approximation Made Simple
journal, October 1996

  • Perdew, John P.; Burke, Kieron; Ernzerhof, Matthias
  • Physical Review Letters, Vol. 77, Issue 18, p. 3865-3868
  • DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.77.3865

Strain and the optoelectronic properties of nonplanar phosphorene monolayers
journal, April 2015

  • Mehboudi, Mehrshad; Utt, Kainen; Terrones, Humberto
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 112, Issue 19
  • DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1500633112

In-Plane Ferroelectric Tunnel Junction
journal, February 2019


Thermoelectric properties of orthorhombic group IV–VI monolayers from the first-principles calculations
journal, January 2017

  • Guo, San-Dong; Wang, Yue-Hua
  • Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 121, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.4974200

Intrinsic Ferroelasticity and/or Multiferroicity in Two-Dimensional Phosphorene and Phosphorene Analogues
journal, April 2016


van der Waals density functional made accurate
journal, March 2014


Electronic Structure
book, September 2020


Anisotropic Thermoelectric Response in Two-Dimensional Puckered Structures
journal, August 2016

  • Medrano Sandonas, Leonardo; Teich, David; Gutierrez, Rafael
  • The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 120, Issue 33
  • DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b04969

Enhanced Spontaneous Polarization in Ultrathin SnTe Films with Layered Antipolar Structure
journal, September 2018

  • Chang, Kai; Kaloni, Thaneshwor P.; Lin, Haicheng
  • Advanced Materials, Vol. 31, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1002/adma.201804428

Van der Waals density functionals applied to solids
text, January 2011


Evolution of elastic moduli through a two-dimensional structural transformation
journal, March 2019

  • Pacheco-Sanjuan, Alejandro; Bishop, Tyler B.; Farmer, Erin E.
  • Physical Review B, Vol. 99, Issue 10
  • DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.99.104108

Strongly bound Mott-Wannier Excitons in GeS and GeSe monolayers
text, January 2016


Discovery of robust in-plane ferroelectricity in atomic-thick SnTe
journal, July 2016


High thermoelectric performances of monolayer SnSe allotropes
journal, January 2017


Standing Waves Induced by Valley-Mismatched Domains in Ferroelectric SnTe Monolayers
journal, May 2019


On the large‐gradient behavior of the density functional exchange energy
journal, December 1986

  • Becke, A. D.
  • The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 85, Issue 12
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.451353

Giant spin Hall effect in two-dimensional monochalcogenides
journal, February 2019


Electrically tunable polarizer based on 2D orthorhombic ferrovalley materials
journal, October 2017


Two-dimensional GeS with tunable electronic properties via external electric field and strain
journal, May 2016


Mechanisms of pyroelectricity in three- and two-dimensional materials
text, January 2018


Theory of Two-Dimensional Melting.
journal, August 1978


Intrinsic Origin of Enhancement of Ferroelectricity in SnTe Ultrathin Films
journal, July 2018


SiTe monolayers: Si-based analogues of phosphorene
journal, January 2016

  • Chen, Yu; Sun, Qiang; Jena, Puru
  • Journal of Materials Chemistry C, Vol. 4, Issue 26
  • DOI: 10.1039/C6TC01138A

Diverse anisotropy of phonon transport in two-dimensional group IV–VI compounds: A comparative study
journal, January 2016

  • Qin, Guangzhao; Qin, Zhenzhen; Fang, Wu-Zhang
  • Nanoscale, Vol. 8, Issue 21
  • DOI: 10.1039/C6NR01349J

Chemical accuracy for the van der Waals density functional
preprint, January 2009


Strain and the optoelectronic properties of non-planar phosphorene monolayers
text, January 2015


Two-Dimensional Disorder in Black Phosphorus and Monochalcogenide Monolayers
journal, February 2016


Ab initio prediction and characterization of phosphorene-like SiS and SiSe as anode materials for sodium-ion batteries
journal, April 2017


Ab initio theory and modeling of water
text, January 2017


Ab initio theory and modeling of water
journal, September 2017

  • Chen, Mohan; Ko, Hsin-Yu; Remsing, Richard C.
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 114, Issue 41
  • DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1712499114

The Nature of the Interlayer Interaction in Bulk and Few-Layer Phosphorus
text, January 2015


Computational prediction of two-dimensional group-IV mono-chalcogenides
journal, July 2014

  • Singh, Arunima K.; Hennig, Richard G.
  • Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 105, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.4891230

Giant Optical Second Harmonic Generation in Two-Dimensional Multiferroics
journal, July 2017


Graphene's morphology and electronic properties from discrete differential geometry
journal, March 2014

  • Pacheco Sanjuan, Alejandro A.; Wang, Zhengfei; Imani, Hamed Pour
  • Physical Review B, Vol. 89, Issue 12
  • DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.89.121403

Monolayer Group IV–VI Monochalcogenides: Low-Dimensional Materials for Photocatalytic Water Splitting
journal, March 2017

  • Chowdhury, Chandra; Karmakar, Sharmistha; Datta, Ayan
  • The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 121, Issue 14
  • DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b12080

Efficient iterative schemes for ab initio total-energy calculations using a plane-wave basis set
journal, October 1996


Mechanisms of Pyroelectricity in Three- and Two-Dimensional Materials
journal, May 2018


Tuning the electronic property of two dimensional SiSe monolayer by in-plane strain
journal, August 2018


Energy Landscapes
audiovisual, January 2017


Exchange functional that tests the robustness of the plasmon description of the van der Waals density functional
journal, January 2014


Origin of polymorphism of the two-dimensional group-IV monochalcogenides
journal, November 2017


Geometric Frustration and Solid-Solid Transitions in Model 2D Tissue
journal, June 2018


Thermoelectric and phonon transport properties of two-dimensional IV–VI compounds
journal, March 2017


Designing isoelectronic counterparts to layered group V semiconductors
text, January 2015


Two-dimensional multiferroics in monolayer group IV monochalcogenides
journal, January 2017


Measurement of the cleavage energy of graphite
journal, August 2015

  • Wang, Wen; Dai, Shuyang; Li, Xide
  • Nature Communications, Vol. 6, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8853

Design principles for shift current photovoltaics
journal, January 2017

  • Cook, Ashley M.; M. Fregoso, Benjamin; de Juan, Fernando
  • Nature Communications, Vol. 8, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14176

Tuning the ferro- to para-electric transition temperature and dipole orientation of group-IV monochalcogenide monolayers
text, January 2017


Giant piezoelectricity of monolayer group IV monochalcogenides: SnSe, SnS, GeSe, and GeS
journal, October 2015

  • Fei, Ruixiang; Li, Wenbin; Li, Ju
  • Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 107, Issue 17
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.4934750

Anisotropic Spin Transport and Strong Visible-Light Absorbance in Few-Layer SnSe and GeSe
journal, September 2015


Chemical accuracy for the van der Waals density functional
journal, December 2009

  • Klimeš, Jiří; Bowler, David R.; Michaelides, Angelos
  • Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, Vol. 22, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/22/2/022201

Designing Isoelectronic Counterparts to Layered Group V Semiconductors
journal, July 2015


Diverse anisotropy of phonon transport in two-dimensional IV-VI compounds: A comparative study
text, January 2016


Optoelectronic properties of single-layer, double-layer, and bulk tin sulfide: A theoretical study
journal, June 2013

  • Tritsaris, Georgios A.; Malone, Brad D.; Kaxiras, Efthimios
  • Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 113, Issue 23
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.4811455

Strong second harmonic generation in two-dimensional ferroelectric IV-monochalcogenides
journal, September 2017

  • Raj Panday, Suman; Fregoso, Benjamin M.
  • Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, Vol. 29, Issue 43
  • DOI: 10.1088/1361-648X/aa8bfc

Enhanced piezoelectricity and modified dielectric screening of two-dimensional group-IV monochalcogenides
journal, December 2015


Ferroelectricity and piezoelectricity in monolayers and nanoplatelets of SnS
journal, October 2018

  • Lebedev, Alexander I.
  • Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 124, Issue 16
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.5035419

Electronic Structure
book, January 2004


Theory of Two-Dimensional Melting
journal, July 1978


Large Bulk Photovoltaic Effect and Spontaneous Polarization of Single-Layer Monochalcogenides
journal, August 2017


Giant spin Hall Effect in two-dimensional monochalcogenides
text, January 2018


Structural anisotropy results in strain-tunable electronic and optical properties in monolayer GeX and SnX (X = S, Se, Te)
journal, March 2016

  • Huang, Le; Wu, Fugen; Li, Jingbo
  • The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 144, Issue 11
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.4943969

van der Waals forces in density functional theory: a review of the vdW-DF method
journal, May 2015


Energy Landscapes
audiovisual, January 2017


Parallel Nanoimprint Forming of One-Dimensional Chiral Semiconductor for Strain-Engineered Optical Properties
journal, August 2020


Graphene's morphology and electronic properties from discrete differential geometry
text, January 2014


Polarization and valley switching in monolayer group-IV monochalcogenides
journal, July 2016


GeSe monolayer semiconductor with tunable direct band gap and small carrier effective mass
journal, September 2015

  • Hu, Yonghong; Zhang, Shengli; Sun, Shaofa
  • Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 107, Issue 12
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.4931459

Direct band gaps in group IV-VI monolayer materials: Binary counterparts of phosphorene
journal, March 2016


Soft Condensed Matter
journal, October 2002


Higher-accuracy van der Waals density functional
journal, August 2010


Water Splits To Degrade Two-Dimensional Group-IV Monochalcogenides in Nanoseconds
journal, October 2018


Phosphorene analogues: Isoelectronic two-dimensional group-IV monochalcogenides with orthorhombic structure
journal, August 2015


Ferroicity-driven nonlinear photocurrent switching in time-reversal invariant ferroic materials
journal, August 2019


Spectroscopic properties of few-layer tin chalcogenides
journal, September 2019

  • Dewandre, Antoine; Verstraete, Matthieu J.; Grobert, Nicole
  • Journal of Physics: Materials, Vol. 2, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1088/2515-7639/ab3513

The Nature of the Interlayer Interaction in Bulk and Few-Layer Phosphorus
journal, November 2015


Soft condensed matter
journal, October 2002


Photostrictive Two-Dimensional Materials in the Monochalcogenide Family
journal, May 2017


Large excitonic effects in group-IV sulfide monolayers
journal, December 2015

  • Tuttle, Blair R.; Alhassan, Saeed M.; Pantelides, Sokrates T.
  • Physical Review B, Vol. 92, Issue 23
  • DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.92.235405

Valley physics in tin (II) sulfide
journal, January 2016


Quantum Paraelastic Two-Dimensional Materials
journal, January 2019


Ground State of the Electron Gas by a Stochastic Method
journal, August 1980


Versatile van der Waals Density Functional Based on a Meta-Generalized Gradient Approximation
journal, October 2016


Thermoelectric properties of single-layered SnSe sheet
journal, January 2015

  • Wang, Fancy Qian; Zhang, Shunhong; Yu, Jiabing
  • Nanoscale, Vol. 7, Issue 38
  • DOI: 10.1039/C5NR03813H

Tuning the ferroelectric-to-paraelectric transition temperature and dipole orientation of group-IV monochalcogenide monolayers
journal, January 2018

  • Barraza-Lopez, Salvador; Kaloni, Thaneshwor P.; Poudel, Shiva P.
  • Physical Review B, Vol. 97, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.97.024110

Structural Phase Transition and Material Properties of Few-Layer Monochalcogenides
journal, December 2016


Ferroelectricity and Phase Transitions in Monolayer Group-IV Monochalcogenides
journal, August 2016


Quantum paraelastic two-dimensional materials
text, January 2018


CEO Communication and Reputation in the Czech Republic: An Inspiration for Czech SMEs
journal, February 2015