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Title: GROWTH on S190425z: Searching Thousands of Square Degrees to Identify an Optical or Infrared Counterpart to a Binary Neutron Star Merger with the Zwicky Transient Facility and Palomar Gattini-IR

Abstract

The third observing run by LVC has brought the discovery of many compact binary coalescences. Following the detection of the first binary neutron star merger in this run (LIGO/Virgo S190425z), we performed a dedicated follow-up campaign with the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) and Palomar Gattini-IR telescopes. The initial skymap of this single-detector gravitational wave (GW) trigger spanned most of the sky observable from Palomar Observatory. Covering 8000 deg2 of the initial skymap over the next two nights, corresponding to 46% integrated probability, ZTF system achieved a depth of ≈21 m AB in g- and r-bands. Palomar Gattini-IR covered 2200 square degrees in J-band to a depth of 15.5 mag, including 32% integrated probability based on the initial skymap. The revised skymap issued the following day reduced these numbers to 21% for the ZTF and 19% for Palomar Gattini-IR. We narrowed 338,646 ZTF transient "alerts" over the first two nights of observations to 15 candidate counterparts. Two candidates, ZTF19aarykkb and ZTF19aarzaod, were particularly compelling given that their location, distance, and age were consistent with the GW event, and their early optical light curves were photometrically consistent with that of kilonovae. These two candidates were spectroscopically classified as young core-collapse supernovae. Themore » remaining candidates were ruled out as supernovae. Palomar Gattini-IR did not identify any viable candidates with multiple detections only after merger time. We demonstrate that even with single-detector GW events localized to thousands of square degrees, systematic kilonova discovery is feasible.« less

Authors:
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Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)
Contributing Org.:
GROWTH Collaboration
OSTI Identifier:
1737584
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC02-05CH11231
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
The Astrophysical Journal. Letters (Online)
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Name: The Astrophysical Journal. Letters (Online); Journal Volume: 885; Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 2041-8213
Publisher:
Institute of Physics (IOP)
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS

Citation Formats

Coughlin, Michael W., Ahumada, Tomás, Anand, Shreya, De, Kishalay, Hankins, Matthew J., Kasliwal, Mansi M., Singer, Leo P., Bellm, Eric C., Andreoni, Igor, Cenko, S. Bradley, Cooke, Jeff, Copperwheat, Christopher M., Dugas, Alison M., Jencson, Jacob E., Perley, Daniel A., Yu, Po-Chieh, Bhalerao, Varun, Kumar, Harsh, Bloom, Joshua S., Anupama, G. C., Ashley, Michael B., Bagdasaryan, Ashot, Biswas, Rahul, Buckley, David H., Burdge, Kevin B., Cook, David O., Cromer, John, Cunningham, Virginia, D’Aì, Antonino, Dekany, Richard G., Delacroix, Alexandre, Dichiara, Simone, Duev, Dmitry A., Dutta, Anirban, Feeney, Michael, Frederick, Sara, Gatkine, Pradip, Ghosh, Shaon, Goldstein, Daniel A., Golkhou, V. Zach, Goobar, Ariel, Graham, Matthew J., Hanayama, Hidekazu, Horiuchi, Takashi, Hung, Tiara, Jha, Saurabh W., Kong, Albert H., Giomi, Matteo, Kaplan, David L., Karambelkar, V. R., Kowalski, Marek, Kulkarni, Shrinivas R., Kupfer, Thomas, Masci, Frank J., Mazzali, Paolo, Moore, Anna M., Mogotsi, Moses, Neill, James D., Ngeow, Chow-Choong, Martínez-Palomera, Jorge, Parola, Valentina La, Pavana, M., Ofek, Eran O., Patil, Atharva Sunil, Riddle, Reed, Rigault, Mickael, Rusholme, Ben, Serabyn, Eugene, Shupe, David L., Sharma, Yashvi, Singh, Avinash, Sollerman, Jesper, Soon, Jamie, Staats, Kai, Taggart, Kirsty, Tan, Hanjie, Travouillon, Tony, Troja, Eleonora, Waratkar, Gaurav, and Yatsu, Yoichi. GROWTH on S190425z: Searching Thousands of Square Degrees to Identify an Optical or Infrared Counterpart to a Binary Neutron Star Merger with the Zwicky Transient Facility and Palomar Gattini-IR. United States: N. p., 2019. Web. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ab4ad8.
Coughlin, Michael W., Ahumada, Tomás, Anand, Shreya, De, Kishalay, Hankins, Matthew J., Kasliwal, Mansi M., Singer, Leo P., Bellm, Eric C., Andreoni, Igor, Cenko, S. Bradley, Cooke, Jeff, Copperwheat, Christopher M., Dugas, Alison M., Jencson, Jacob E., Perley, Daniel A., Yu, Po-Chieh, Bhalerao, Varun, Kumar, Harsh, Bloom, Joshua S., Anupama, G. C., Ashley, Michael B., Bagdasaryan, Ashot, Biswas, Rahul, Buckley, David H., Burdge, Kevin B., Cook, David O., Cromer, John, Cunningham, Virginia, D’Aì, Antonino, Dekany, Richard G., Delacroix, Alexandre, Dichiara, Simone, Duev, Dmitry A., Dutta, Anirban, Feeney, Michael, Frederick, Sara, Gatkine, Pradip, Ghosh, Shaon, Goldstein, Daniel A., Golkhou, V. Zach, Goobar, Ariel, Graham, Matthew J., Hanayama, Hidekazu, Horiuchi, Takashi, Hung, Tiara, Jha, Saurabh W., Kong, Albert H., Giomi, Matteo, Kaplan, David L., Karambelkar, V. R., Kowalski, Marek, Kulkarni, Shrinivas R., Kupfer, Thomas, Masci, Frank J., Mazzali, Paolo, Moore, Anna M., Mogotsi, Moses, Neill, James D., Ngeow, Chow-Choong, Martínez-Palomera, Jorge, Parola, Valentina La, Pavana, M., Ofek, Eran O., Patil, Atharva Sunil, Riddle, Reed, Rigault, Mickael, Rusholme, Ben, Serabyn, Eugene, Shupe, David L., Sharma, Yashvi, Singh, Avinash, Sollerman, Jesper, Soon, Jamie, Staats, Kai, Taggart, Kirsty, Tan, Hanjie, Travouillon, Tony, Troja, Eleonora, Waratkar, Gaurav, & Yatsu, Yoichi. GROWTH on S190425z: Searching Thousands of Square Degrees to Identify an Optical or Infrared Counterpart to a Binary Neutron Star Merger with the Zwicky Transient Facility and Palomar Gattini-IR. United States. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab4ad8
Coughlin, Michael W., Ahumada, Tomás, Anand, Shreya, De, Kishalay, Hankins, Matthew J., Kasliwal, Mansi M., Singer, Leo P., Bellm, Eric C., Andreoni, Igor, Cenko, S. Bradley, Cooke, Jeff, Copperwheat, Christopher M., Dugas, Alison M., Jencson, Jacob E., Perley, Daniel A., Yu, Po-Chieh, Bhalerao, Varun, Kumar, Harsh, Bloom, Joshua S., Anupama, G. C., Ashley, Michael B., Bagdasaryan, Ashot, Biswas, Rahul, Buckley, David H., Burdge, Kevin B., Cook, David O., Cromer, John, Cunningham, Virginia, D’Aì, Antonino, Dekany, Richard G., Delacroix, Alexandre, Dichiara, Simone, Duev, Dmitry A., Dutta, Anirban, Feeney, Michael, Frederick, Sara, Gatkine, Pradip, Ghosh, Shaon, Goldstein, Daniel A., Golkhou, V. Zach, Goobar, Ariel, Graham, Matthew J., Hanayama, Hidekazu, Horiuchi, Takashi, Hung, Tiara, Jha, Saurabh W., Kong, Albert H., Giomi, Matteo, Kaplan, David L., Karambelkar, V. R., Kowalski, Marek, Kulkarni, Shrinivas R., Kupfer, Thomas, Masci, Frank J., Mazzali, Paolo, Moore, Anna M., Mogotsi, Moses, Neill, James D., Ngeow, Chow-Choong, Martínez-Palomera, Jorge, Parola, Valentina La, Pavana, M., Ofek, Eran O., Patil, Atharva Sunil, Riddle, Reed, Rigault, Mickael, Rusholme, Ben, Serabyn, Eugene, Shupe, David L., Sharma, Yashvi, Singh, Avinash, Sollerman, Jesper, Soon, Jamie, Staats, Kai, Taggart, Kirsty, Tan, Hanjie, Travouillon, Tony, Troja, Eleonora, Waratkar, Gaurav, and Yatsu, Yoichi. Wed . "GROWTH on S190425z: Searching Thousands of Square Degrees to Identify an Optical or Infrared Counterpart to a Binary Neutron Star Merger with the Zwicky Transient Facility and Palomar Gattini-IR". United States. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab4ad8. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1737584.
@article{osti_1737584,
title = {GROWTH on S190425z: Searching Thousands of Square Degrees to Identify an Optical or Infrared Counterpart to a Binary Neutron Star Merger with the Zwicky Transient Facility and Palomar Gattini-IR},
author = {Coughlin, Michael W. and Ahumada, Tomás and Anand, Shreya and De, Kishalay and Hankins, Matthew J. and Kasliwal, Mansi M. and Singer, Leo P. and Bellm, Eric C. and Andreoni, Igor and Cenko, S. Bradley and Cooke, Jeff and Copperwheat, Christopher M. and Dugas, Alison M. and Jencson, Jacob E. and Perley, Daniel A. and Yu, Po-Chieh and Bhalerao, Varun and Kumar, Harsh and Bloom, Joshua S. and Anupama, G. C. and Ashley, Michael B. and Bagdasaryan, Ashot and Biswas, Rahul and Buckley, David H. and Burdge, Kevin B. and Cook, David O. and Cromer, John and Cunningham, Virginia and D’Aì, Antonino and Dekany, Richard G. and Delacroix, Alexandre and Dichiara, Simone and Duev, Dmitry A. and Dutta, Anirban and Feeney, Michael and Frederick, Sara and Gatkine, Pradip and Ghosh, Shaon and Goldstein, Daniel A. and Golkhou, V. Zach and Goobar, Ariel and Graham, Matthew J. and Hanayama, Hidekazu and Horiuchi, Takashi and Hung, Tiara and Jha, Saurabh W. and Kong, Albert H. and Giomi, Matteo and Kaplan, David L. and Karambelkar, V. R. and Kowalski, Marek and Kulkarni, Shrinivas R. and Kupfer, Thomas and Masci, Frank J. and Mazzali, Paolo and Moore, Anna M. and Mogotsi, Moses and Neill, James D. and Ngeow, Chow-Choong and Martínez-Palomera, Jorge and Parola, Valentina La and Pavana, M. and Ofek, Eran O. and Patil, Atharva Sunil and Riddle, Reed and Rigault, Mickael and Rusholme, Ben and Serabyn, Eugene and Shupe, David L. and Sharma, Yashvi and Singh, Avinash and Sollerman, Jesper and Soon, Jamie and Staats, Kai and Taggart, Kirsty and Tan, Hanjie and Travouillon, Tony and Troja, Eleonora and Waratkar, Gaurav and Yatsu, Yoichi},
abstractNote = {The third observing run by LVC has brought the discovery of many compact binary coalescences. Following the detection of the first binary neutron star merger in this run (LIGO/Virgo S190425z), we performed a dedicated follow-up campaign with the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) and Palomar Gattini-IR telescopes. The initial skymap of this single-detector gravitational wave (GW) trigger spanned most of the sky observable from Palomar Observatory. Covering 8000 deg2 of the initial skymap over the next two nights, corresponding to 46% integrated probability, ZTF system achieved a depth of ≈21 m AB in g- and r-bands. Palomar Gattini-IR covered 2200 square degrees in J-band to a depth of 15.5 mag, including 32% integrated probability based on the initial skymap. The revised skymap issued the following day reduced these numbers to 21% for the ZTF and 19% for Palomar Gattini-IR. We narrowed 338,646 ZTF transient "alerts" over the first two nights of observations to 15 candidate counterparts. Two candidates, ZTF19aarykkb and ZTF19aarzaod, were particularly compelling given that their location, distance, and age were consistent with the GW event, and their early optical light curves were photometrically consistent with that of kilonovae. These two candidates were spectroscopically classified as young core-collapse supernovae. The remaining candidates were ruled out as supernovae. Palomar Gattini-IR did not identify any viable candidates with multiple detections only after merger time. We demonstrate that even with single-detector GW events localized to thousands of square degrees, systematic kilonova discovery is feasible.},
doi = {10.3847/2041-8213/ab4ad8},
journal = {The Astrophysical Journal. Letters (Online)},
number = 1,
volume = 885,
place = {United States},
year = {Wed Oct 30 00:00:00 EDT 2019},
month = {Wed Oct 30 00:00:00 EDT 2019}
}

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Prospects for observing and localizing gravitational-wave transients with Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo and KAGRA
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RAPID: Early Classification of Explosive Transients Using Deep Learning
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A kilonova as the electromagnetic counterpart to a gravitational-wave source
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DISCOVERY AND REDSHIFT OF AN OPTICAL AFTERGLOW IN 71 deg 2 : iPTF13bxl AND GRB 130702A
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Spitzer Mid-Infrared Detections of Neutron Star Merger GW170817 Suggests Synthesis of the Heaviest Elements
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Census of the Local Universe (CLU) Narrow-Band Survey I: Galaxy Catalogs from Preliminary Fields
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GW170817: Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Neutron Star Inspiral
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The Needle in the 100 deg2 Haystack: Uncovering Afterglows of Fermi GRBs with the Palomar Transient Factory
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Absolute-Magnitude Distributions of Supernovae
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Works referencing / citing this record:

Web application for galaxy-targeted follow-up of electromagnetic counterparts to gravitational wave sources
journal, January 2020


On the Possibility of GW190425 Being a Black Hole–Neutron Star Binary Merger
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Implications of the search for optical counterparts during the first six months of the Advanced LIGO’s and Advanced Virgo’s third observing run: possible limits on the ejecta mass and binary properties
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On the possibility of GW190425 being a black hole--neutron star binary merger
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