Piezoresponse amplitude and phase quantified for electromechanical characterization
Abstract
Piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) is a powerful characterization technique to readily image and manipulate the ferroelectric domains. PFM gives an insight into the strength of local piezoelectric coupling and polarization direction through PFM amplitude and phase, respectively. Converting measured arbitrary units into units of effective piezoelectric constant remains a challenge, and insufficient methods are often used. While most quantification efforts have been spent on quantifying the PFM amplitude signal, little attention has been given to the PFM phase, which is often arbitrarily adjusted to fit expectations. This is problematic when investigating materials with unknown or negative sign of the probed effective electrostrictive coefficient or strong frequency dispersion of electromechanical responses, because assumptions about the PFM phase cannot be reliably made. The PFM phase can, however, provide important information on the polarization orientation and the sign of the effective electrostrictive coefficient probed by PFM. Most notably, the orientation of the PFM hysteresis loop is determined by the PFM phase. Moreover, when presenting PFM data as a combined signal, the resulting response can be artificially lowered or asymmetric if the phase data have not been correctly processed. Here, we explain the PFM amplitude quantification process and demonstrate a path to identify themore »
- Authors:
-
- Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences (CNMS)
- Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
- Univ. of Aveiro (Portugal). CICECO-Aveiro Inst. of Materials
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); National Science Foundation (NSF); US Army Research Office (ARO); CICECO
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1712714
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1703886
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC05-00OR22725; DMR-1708615; W911NF-14-1-0104; UIDB/50011/2020; UIDP/50011/2020
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Journal of Applied Physics
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 128; Journal Issue: 17; Journal ID: ISSN 0021-8979
- Publisher:
- American Institute of Physics (AIP)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY; Ferroelectric materials; materials properties; electrostatics; piezoelectricity; thin films; piezoresponse force spectroscopy
Citation Formats
Neumayer, Sabine M., Saremi, Sahar, Martin, Lane W., Collins, Liam, Tselev, Alexander, Jesse, Stephen, Kalinin, Sergei V., and Balke, Nina. Piezoresponse amplitude and phase quantified for electromechanical characterization. United States: N. p., 2020.
Web. doi:10.1063/5.0011631.
Neumayer, Sabine M., Saremi, Sahar, Martin, Lane W., Collins, Liam, Tselev, Alexander, Jesse, Stephen, Kalinin, Sergei V., & Balke, Nina. Piezoresponse amplitude and phase quantified for electromechanical characterization. United States. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0011631
Neumayer, Sabine M., Saremi, Sahar, Martin, Lane W., Collins, Liam, Tselev, Alexander, Jesse, Stephen, Kalinin, Sergei V., and Balke, Nina. Sat .
"Piezoresponse amplitude and phase quantified for electromechanical characterization". United States. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0011631. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1712714.
@article{osti_1712714,
title = {Piezoresponse amplitude and phase quantified for electromechanical characterization},
author = {Neumayer, Sabine M. and Saremi, Sahar and Martin, Lane W. and Collins, Liam and Tselev, Alexander and Jesse, Stephen and Kalinin, Sergei V. and Balke, Nina},
abstractNote = {Piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) is a powerful characterization technique to readily image and manipulate the ferroelectric domains. PFM gives an insight into the strength of local piezoelectric coupling and polarization direction through PFM amplitude and phase, respectively. Converting measured arbitrary units into units of effective piezoelectric constant remains a challenge, and insufficient methods are often used. While most quantification efforts have been spent on quantifying the PFM amplitude signal, little attention has been given to the PFM phase, which is often arbitrarily adjusted to fit expectations. This is problematic when investigating materials with unknown or negative sign of the probed effective electrostrictive coefficient or strong frequency dispersion of electromechanical responses, because assumptions about the PFM phase cannot be reliably made. The PFM phase can, however, provide important information on the polarization orientation and the sign of the effective electrostrictive coefficient probed by PFM. Most notably, the orientation of the PFM hysteresis loop is determined by the PFM phase. Moreover, when presenting PFM data as a combined signal, the resulting response can be artificially lowered or asymmetric if the phase data have not been correctly processed. Here, we explain the PFM amplitude quantification process and demonstrate a path to identify the phase offset required to extract correct meaning from the PFM phase data. We explore different sources of phase offsets including the experimental setup, instrumental contributions, and data analysis. We discuss the physical working principles of PFM and develop a strategy to extract physical meaning from the PFM amplitude and phase.},
doi = {10.1063/5.0011631},
journal = {Journal of Applied Physics},
number = 17,
volume = 128,
place = {United States},
year = {Sat Nov 07 00:00:00 EST 2020},
month = {Sat Nov 07 00:00:00 EST 2020}
}
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