Title: Validation of two-layer model for underexpanded hydrogen jets

Abstract

Previous studies have shown that the two-layer model more accurately predicts hydrogen dispersion than the conventional notional nozzle models without significantly increasing the computational expense. However, the model was only validated for predicting the concentration distribution and has not been adequately validated for predicting the velocity distributions. In the present study, particle imaging velocimetry (PIV) was used to measure the velocity field of an underexpanded hydrogen jet released at 10 bar from a 1.5 mm diameter orifice. The two-layer model was the used to calculate the inlet conditions for a two-dimensional axisymmetric CFD model to simulate the hydrogen jet downstream of the Mach disk. The predicted velocity spreading and centerline decay rates agreed well with the PIV measurements. The predicted concentration distribution was consistent with data from previous planar Rayleigh scattering measurements used to verify the concentration distribution predictions in an earlier study. The jet spreading was also simulated using several widely used notional nozzle models combined with the integral plume model for comparison. These results show that the velocity and concentration distributions are both better predicted by the two-layer model than the notional nozzle models to complement previous studies verifying only the predicted concentration profiles. Thus, this study showsmore » that the two-layer model can accurately predict the jet velocity distributions as well as the concentration distributions as verified earlier. Though more validation studies are needed to improve confidence in the model and increase the range of validity, the present work indicates that the two-layer model is a promising tool for fast, accurate predictions of the flow fields of underexpanded hydrogen jets.« less

Authors:

Li, Xuefang  ^[1];

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• Search DOE PAGES for ORCID "0000-0003-1846-5626"

Chowdhury, Bikram Roy  ^[2];

• Search DOE PAGES for author "Chowdhury, Bikram Roy"
• Search DOE PAGES for ORCID "0000-0002-3623-3477"

He, Qian ^[1]; Christopher, David M. ^[3]; Hecht, Ethan S. ^[4]

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+ Show Author Affiliations

1. Shandong Univ., Jinan (China)
2. Sandia National Lab. (SNL-CA), Livermore, CA (United States); Innovation Campus Delaware, DE (United States)
3. Tsinghua Univ., Beijing (China)
4. Sandia National Lab. (SNL-CA), Livermore, CA (United States)

Publication Date:

Fri Oct 09 00:00:00 EDT 2020

Research Org.:

Sandia National Lab. (SNL-CA), Livermore, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:

USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Sustainable Transportation Office. Hydrogen Fuel Cell Technologies Office; USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)

OSTI Identifier:

1671809

Alternate Identifier(s):

OSTI ID: 1809565

Report Number(s):

SAND2020-9264J
Journal ID: ISSN 0360-3199; 690350

Grant/Contract Number:  

AC04-94AL85000; NA0003525

Resource Type:

Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

Additional Journal Information:

Journal Volume: 46; Journal Issue: 23; Journal ID: ISSN 0360-3199

Publisher:

Elsevier

Country of Publication:

United States

Language:

English

Subject:

08 HYDROGEN