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Title: Global Climate

Abstract

The 2019 global lower tropospheric temperature (LTT), which encompasses the atmosphere from the surface to ~10 km, ranked second warmest in seven datasets and first or third in the remaining two (Fig. 2.7). These records extend back to 1958 using radiosonde (balloon-borne instrumentation) data and one reanalysis dataset (JRA55), which demonstrate reasonable agreement with the 40+ year satellite record (since late 1978) and two other reanalysis datasets (since 1979 and 1980, ERA5 and MERRA2, respectively). Aweak El Niño contributed to increased global temperatures as 2019 values were +0.44° to +0.68°C higher than the 1981–2010 average (depending on the dataset), being just slightly cooler (~0.07°C on average) than the record warm year of 2016. At least fourof the five globally complete datasets (ERA5, MERRA2, JRA55, RSS, UAH) recorded each of the four months—June, September, November, and December—as experiencing their warmest monthly global LTT.

Authors:
 [1];  [2];  [3];  [4];  [5];  [6];  [7];  [8];  [9];  [10];  [11];  [12];  [13];  [4];  [1];  [14];  [15];  [16];  [17];  [18] more »;  [19];  [20];  [21];  [22];  [23];  [24];  [25];  [26];  [27];  [28];  [29];  [30];  [31];  [32];  [32];  [33];  [34];  [35];  [36];  [37];  [38];  [6];  [27];  [39];  [8];  [40];  [41];  [42];  [42];  [43];  [44];  [45];  [46];  [47];  [8];  [48];  [49];  [50];  [51];  [52];  [27];  [53];  [54];  [55];  [56];  [57];  [53];  [58];  [59];  [60];  [61];  [1];  [62];  [63];  [58];  [27];  [64];  [22];  [65];  [63];  [66];  [25];  [67];  [68];  [69];  [70];  [71];  [72];  [73];  [74];  [75];  [27];  [68];  [8];  [3];  [76];  [77];  [1];  [78];  [57];  [79];  [38];  [80];  [81];  [82];  [83];  [84];  [39];  [28];  [85];  [38];  [86];  [87];  [88];  [73];  [89];  [90];  [91];  [92];  [8];  [34];  [7];  [80];  [93];  [94];  [6];  [46];  [38];  [95];  [96];  [97];  [98];  [99];  [100];  [101];  [93];  [93];  [1];  [102];  [103];  [104];  [105];  [106];  [63];  [107];  [108];  [109];  [110];  [111];  [93];  [112];  [113];  [114];  [115];  [114];  [116];  [117];  [63];  [118];  [6];  [119];  [96];  [7];  [120];  [44];  [46];  [121];  [63];  [58];  [122];  [123];  [35];  [124];  [125];  [126] « less
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, United Kingdom
  2. University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
  3. Met Office Hadley Centre, Exeter, United Kingdom
  4. University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
  5. Department of Atmospheric and Planetary Science, Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia
  6. NOAA/NESDIS National Centers for Environmental Information, Asheville, North Carolina
  7. University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
  8. NOAA/OAR Earth System Research Laboratories, Boulder, Colorado
  9. Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificación – Spanish National Research Council, Moncada (Valencia), Spain; and Regional Climate Group, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
  10. Instituto de Geografía, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
  11. NOAA/OAR ESRL Global Monitoring Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado
  12. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
  13. Global Precipitation Climatology Centre, Deutscher Wetterdienst, Offenbach, Germany
  14. National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, United Kingdom
  15. School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
  16. Université de Paris, Institut de physique du globe de Paris, CNRS, IGN, Paris, France, and ENSG-Géomatique, IGN, Marne-la-Vallée, France
  17. Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland
  18. Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
  19. Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
  20. Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
  21. Geology Department, University Centre in Svalbard, Longyearbyen, Norway
  22. Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Wrightwood, California
  23. The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama
  24. IBS Center for Climate Physics, Busan, South Korea
  25. German Aerospace Center (DLR) Oberpfaffenhofen, Wessling, Germany
  26. Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, and Physical Sciences Division, NOAA/Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado
  27. Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, and NOAA/OAR Earth System Research Laboratories, Boulder, Colorado
  28. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California
  29. Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, and NOAA/OAR Global Monitoring Division, Boulder, Colorado
  30. Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, and NOAA/OAR Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado
  31. Marine Institute, Furnace, Newport, Ireland
  32. Haarlem, the Netherlands
  33. King County Water and Land Resources Division, Seattle, Washington
  34. University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
  35. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois
  36. Research Department for Limnology, University of Innsbruck, Austria
  37. Barcelona Supercomputing Centre, Barcelona, Spain
  38. Department of Geodesy and Geoinformation, TU Wien - Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
  39. European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
  40. Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, Canada
  41. European Centre for Medum-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, United Kingdom
  42. Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies, Space Science and Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
  43. Science Systems and Applications, Inc, Lanham, Maryland, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland
  44. Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California
  45. Woodland Trust, Grantham, United Kingdom
  46. Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia
  47. Department of Meteorology and Geophysics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
  48. National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS), University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom and Climatic Research Unit, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
  49. NOAA/NESDIS/STAR University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
  50. Met Office Hadley Centre, Exeter, United Kingdom; Birmingham Institute of Forest Research, Birmingham University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
  51. (Ben) [NOAA/NESDIS Center for Satellite Applications and Research, College Park, Maryland
  52. Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA), Brussels, Belgium
  53. Deutscher Wetterdienst, Offenbach, Germany
  54. European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, United Kingdom
  55. Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Blindern, Oslo, Norway
  56. EUMETSAT, Darmstadt, Germany
  57. Climatic Research Unit, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
  58. Dundalk Institute of Technology, Dundalk, Ireland
  59. LATMOS/IPSL, UVSQ, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Guyancourt, France
  60. Earth Observation Data Centre GmbH, Vienna, Austria
  61. Institite of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
  62. IGB Leibniz Institute for Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany
  63. NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia
  64. NOAA/OAR Earth System Research Laboratory, and Cooperative Institute for Research in the Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
  65. Hydrological Sciences Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA; Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
  66. NOAA/NWS National Centers for Environmental Prediction, College Park, Maryland
  67. Department of Hydrology and Water Management, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
  68. Hydro-Climate Extremes Lab (H-CEL), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
  69. Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
  70. Department of Meteorology and Geophysics, University of Vienna, Austria; European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, United Kingdom
  71. Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
  72. CSIRO Land and Water, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory; and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
  73. Remote Sensing Systems, Santa Rosa, California
  74. Space Science and Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
  75. Department of Meteorology, and National Centre for Earth Observation, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
  76. Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
  77. Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
  78. WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos-Dorf, Switzerland
  79. NASA Ames Research Center, and Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Moffett Field, California
  80. Dorset Environmental Science Centre, Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change, Dorset, Ontario, Canada
  81. Nichols College, Dudley, Massachusetts
  82. University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
  83. Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, and NOAA/OAR Global Monitoring Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado
  84. Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
  85. Columbia University, New York, New York
  86. Finnish Environment Institute SYKE, Freshwater Centre, Helsinki, Finland.
  87. National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado
  88. Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace, CNRS / UPMC, Paris, France
  89. School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems and Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona
  90. University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
  91. Department of Geography, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
  92. Hydrological Sciences Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland
  93. Institute of Biology, Irkutsk State University, Russia
  94. Institute of Geography and Oeschger Center, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland
  95. Department of Meteorology and Geophysics, University of Vienna, Austria
  96. Tahoe Environmental Research Center, University of California at Davis, Davis, California
  97. Physical Oceanography Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts
  98. Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
  99. Universities Space Research Association, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland
  100. York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
  101. NOAA/NESDIS, National Centers for Environmental Information, Asheville, North Carolina
  102. Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, and Physical Sciences Laboratory, NOAA/Earth System Research Laboratories, Boulder, Colorado
  103. Geological Survey of Canada, Natural Resources Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
  104. Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Key Biscayne, Florida
  105. Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Helsinki, Finland
  106. Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
  107. German Weather Service (DWD), Hohenpeissenberg, Germany
  108. Department of Geography George Washington University, Washington D.C.
  109. GESTAR, Columbia, Maryland
  110. NOAA/OAR Earth System Research Laboratories and Cooperative Institute for Research in the Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
  111. Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster, United Kingdom
  112. Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
  113. Capacity Center for Climate and Weather Extremes (C3WE), National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado
  114. Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), De Bilt, Netherlands
  115. Haarlem, Netherlands
  116. Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
  117. National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Hamilton, New Zealand
  118. Earth Observing Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado
  119. Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
  120. Department of Ecology and Genetics/Limnology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
  121. NOAA Climate Prediction Center, College Park, Maryland; ESSIC/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
  122. ERT Inc., NOAA/NESDIS National Centers for Environmental Information, Asheville, North Carolina
  123. School of Geographical Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
  124. Center for Satellite Applications and Research, NOAA, College Park, Maryland
  125. Goddard Earth Sciences Technology and Research, Morgan State University, Baltimore, Maryland, and NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland
  126. Global Precipitation Climatology Center, Deutscher Wetterdienst, Offenbach am Main, Germany
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program
Contributing Org.:
American Meteorological Society
OSTI Identifier:
1671172
Report Number(s):
LLNL-JRNL-811903
Journal ID: ISSN 0003-0007; 1017865
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC52-07NA27344; 18-ERD-054
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 101; Journal Issue: 8; Journal ID: ISSN 0003-0007
Publisher:
American Meteorological Society
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
58 GEOSCIENCES

Citation Formats

Ades, M., Adler, R., Allan, Rob, Allan, R. P., Anderson, J., Argüez, Anthony, Arosio, C., Augustine, J. A., Azorin-Molina, C., Barichivich, J., Barnes, J., Beck, H. E., Becker, Andreas, Bellouin, Nicolas, Benedetti, Angela, Berry, David I., Blenkinsop, Stephen, Bock, Olivier, Bosilovich, Michael G., Boucher, Olivier, Buehler, S. A., Carrea, Laura, Christiansen, Hanne H., Chouza, F., Christy, John R., Chung, E. -S., Coldewey-Egbers, Melanie, Compo, Gil P., Cooper, Owen R., Covey, Curt, Crotwell, A., Davis, Sean M., de Eyto, Elvira, de Jeu, Richard M., VanderSat, B. V., DeGasperi, Curtis L., Degenstein, Doug, Di Girolamo, Larry, Dokulil, Martin T., Donat, Markus G., Dorigo, Wouter A., Durre, Imke, Dutton, Geoff S., Duveiller, G., Elkins, James W., Fioletov, Vitali E., Flemming, Johannes, Foster, Michael J., Frey, Richard A., Frith, Stacey M., Froidevaux, Lucien, Garforth, J., Gupta, S. K., Haimberger, Leopold, Hall, Brad D., Harris, Ian, Heidinger, Andrew K., Hemming, D. L., Ho, Shu-peng, Hubert, Daan, Hurst, Dale F., Hüser, I., Inness, Antje, Isaksen, K., John, Viju, Jones, Philip D., Kaiser, J. W., Kelly, S., Khaykin, S., Kidd, R., Kim, Hyungiun, Kipling, Z., Kraemer, B. M., Kratz, D. P., La Fuente, R. S., Lan, Xin, Lantz, Kathleen O., Leblanc, T., Li, Bailing, Loeb, Norman G., Long, Craig S., Loyola, Diego, Marszelewski, Wlodzimierz, Martens, B., May, Linda, Mayer, Michael, McCabe, M. F., McVicar, Tim R., Mears, Carl A., Menzel, W. Paul, Merchant, Christopher J., Miller, Ben R., Miralles, Diego G., Montzka, Stephen A., Morice, Colin, Mühle, Jens, Myneni, R., Nicolas, Julien P., Noetzli, Jeannette, Osborn, Tim J., Park, T., Pasik, A., Paterson, Andrew M., Pelto, Mauri S., Perkins-Kirkpatrick, S., Pétron, G., Phillips, C., Pinty, Bernard, Po-Chedley, S., Polvani, L., Preimesberger, W., Pulkkanen, M., Randel, W. J., Rémy, Samuel, Ricciardulli, L., Richardson, A. D., Rieger, L., Robinson, David A., Rodell, Matthew, Rosenlof, Karen H., Roth, Chris, Rozanov, A., Rusak, James A., Rusanovskaya, O., Rutishäuser, T., Sánchez-Lugo, Ahira, Sawaengphokhai, P., Scanlon, T., Schenzinger, Verena, Schladow, S. Geoffey, Schlegel, R. W., Schmid, Martin, Eawag, Selkirk, H. B., Sharma, S., Shi, Lei, Shimaraeva, S. V., Silow, E. A., Simmons, Adrian J., Smith, C. A., Smith, Sharon L., Soden, B. J., Sofieva, Viktoria, Sparks, T. H., Stackhouse, Paul W., Steinbrecht, Wolfgang, Streletskiy, Dimitri A., Taha, G., Telg, Hagen, Thackeray, S. J., Timofeyev, M. A., Tourpali, Kleareti, Tye, Mari R., van der A, Ronald J., van der Schalie, Robin, B.V., van der SchrierW. Paul, Gerard, van der Werf, Guido R., Verburg, Piet, Vernier, Jean-Paul, Vömel, Holger, Vose, Russell S., Wang, Ray, Watanabe, Shohei G., Weber, Mark, Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A., Wiese, David, Wilber, Anne C., Wild, Jeanette D., Wong, Takmeng, Woolway, R. Iestyn, Yin, Xungang, Zhao, Lin, Zhao, Guanguo, Zhou, Xinjia, Ziemke, Jerry R., and Ziese, Markus. Global Climate. United States: N. p., 2020. Web. doi:10.1175/bams-d-20-0104.1.
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Ades, M., Adler, R., Allan, Rob, Allan, R. P., Anderson, J., Argüez, Anthony, Arosio, C., Augustine, J. A., Azorin-Molina, C., Barichivich, J., Barnes, J., Beck, H. E., Becker, Andreas, Bellouin, Nicolas, Benedetti, Angela, Berry, David I., Blenkinsop, Stephen, Bock, Olivier, Bosilovich, Michael G., Boucher, Olivier, Buehler, S. A., Carrea, Laura, Christiansen, Hanne H., Chouza, F., Christy, John R., Chung, E. -S., Coldewey-Egbers, Melanie, Compo, Gil P., Cooper, Owen R., Covey, Curt, Crotwell, A., Davis, Sean M., de Eyto, Elvira, de Jeu, Richard M., VanderSat, B. V., DeGasperi, Curtis L., Degenstein, Doug, Di Girolamo, Larry, Dokulil, Martin T., Donat, Markus G., Dorigo, Wouter A., Durre, Imke, Dutton, Geoff S., Duveiller, G., Elkins, James W., Fioletov, Vitali E., Flemming, Johannes, Foster, Michael J., Frey, Richard A., Frith, Stacey M., Froidevaux, Lucien, Garforth, J., Gupta, S. K., Haimberger, Leopold, Hall, Brad D., Harris, Ian, Heidinger, Andrew K., Hemming, D. L., Ho, Shu-peng, Hubert, Daan, Hurst, Dale F., Hüser, I., Inness, Antje, Isaksen, K., John, Viju, Jones, Philip D., Kaiser, J. W., Kelly, S., Khaykin, S., Kidd, R., Kim, Hyungiun, Kipling, Z., Kraemer, B. M., Kratz, D. P., La Fuente, R. S., Lan, Xin, Lantz, Kathleen O., Leblanc, T., Li, Bailing, Loeb, Norman G., Long, Craig S., Loyola, Diego, Marszelewski, Wlodzimierz, Martens, B., May, Linda, Mayer, Michael, McCabe, M. F., McVicar, Tim R., Mears, Carl A., Menzel, W. Paul, Merchant, Christopher J., Miller, Ben R., Miralles, Diego G., Montzka, Stephen A., Morice, Colin, Mühle, Jens, Myneni, R., Nicolas, Julien P., Noetzli, Jeannette, Osborn, Tim J., Park, T., Pasik, A., Paterson, Andrew M., Pelto, Mauri S., Perkins-Kirkpatrick, S., Pétron, G., Phillips, C., Pinty, Bernard, Po-Chedley, S., Polvani, L., Preimesberger, W., Pulkkanen, M., Randel, W. J., Rémy, Samuel, Ricciardulli, L., Richardson, A. D., Rieger, L., Robinson, David A., Rodell, Matthew, Rosenlof, Karen H., Roth, Chris, Rozanov, A., Rusak, James A., Rusanovskaya, O., Rutishäuser, T., Sánchez-Lugo, Ahira, Sawaengphokhai, P., Scanlon, T., Schenzinger, Verena, Schladow, S. Geoffey, Schlegel, R. W., Schmid, Martin, Eawag, Selkirk, H. B., Sharma, S., Shi, Lei, Shimaraeva, S. V., Silow, E. A., Simmons, Adrian J., Smith, C. A., Smith, Sharon L., Soden, B. J., Sofieva, Viktoria, Sparks, T. H., Stackhouse, Paul W., Steinbrecht, Wolfgang, Streletskiy, Dimitri A., Taha, G., Telg, Hagen, Thackeray, S. J., Timofeyev, M. A., Tourpali, Kleareti, Tye, Mari R., van der A, Ronald J., van der Schalie, Robin, B.V., van der SchrierW. Paul, Gerard, van der Werf, Guido R., Verburg, Piet, Vernier, Jean-Paul, Vömel, Holger, Vose, Russell S., Wang, Ray, Watanabe, Shohei G., Weber, Mark, Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A., Wiese, David, Wilber, Anne C., Wild, Jeanette D., Wong, Takmeng, Woolway, R. Iestyn, Yin, Xungang, Zhao, Lin, Zhao, Guanguo, Zhou, Xinjia, Ziemke, Jerry R., & Ziese, Markus. Global Climate. United States. https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-20-0104.1
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Ades, M., Adler, R., Allan, Rob, Allan, R. P., Anderson, J., Argüez, Anthony, Arosio, C., Augustine, J. A., Azorin-Molina, C., Barichivich, J., Barnes, J., Beck, H. E., Becker, Andreas, Bellouin, Nicolas, Benedetti, Angela, Berry, David I., Blenkinsop, Stephen, Bock, Olivier, Bosilovich, Michael G., Boucher, Olivier, Buehler, S. A., Carrea, Laura, Christiansen, Hanne H., Chouza, F., Christy, John R., Chung, E. -S., Coldewey-Egbers, Melanie, Compo, Gil P., Cooper, Owen R., Covey, Curt, Crotwell, A., Davis, Sean M., de Eyto, Elvira, de Jeu, Richard M., VanderSat, B. V., DeGasperi, Curtis L., Degenstein, Doug, Di Girolamo, Larry, Dokulil, Martin T., Donat, Markus G., Dorigo, Wouter A., Durre, Imke, Dutton, Geoff S., Duveiller, G., Elkins, James W., Fioletov, Vitali E., Flemming, Johannes, Foster, Michael J., Frey, Richard A., Frith, Stacey M., Froidevaux, Lucien, Garforth, J., Gupta, S. K., Haimberger, Leopold, Hall, Brad D., Harris, Ian, Heidinger, Andrew K., Hemming, D. L., Ho, Shu-peng, Hubert, Daan, Hurst, Dale F., Hüser, I., Inness, Antje, Isaksen, K., John, Viju, Jones, Philip D., Kaiser, J. W., Kelly, S., Khaykin, S., Kidd, R., Kim, Hyungiun, Kipling, Z., Kraemer, B. M., Kratz, D. P., La Fuente, R. S., Lan, Xin, Lantz, Kathleen O., Leblanc, T., Li, Bailing, Loeb, Norman G., Long, Craig S., Loyola, Diego, Marszelewski, Wlodzimierz, Martens, B., May, Linda, Mayer, Michael, McCabe, M. F., McVicar, Tim R., Mears, Carl A., Menzel, W. Paul, Merchant, Christopher J., Miller, Ben R., Miralles, Diego G., Montzka, Stephen A., Morice, Colin, Mühle, Jens, Myneni, R., Nicolas, Julien P., Noetzli, Jeannette, Osborn, Tim J., Park, T., Pasik, A., Paterson, Andrew M., Pelto, Mauri S., Perkins-Kirkpatrick, S., Pétron, G., Phillips, C., Pinty, Bernard, Po-Chedley, S., Polvani, L., Preimesberger, W., Pulkkanen, M., Randel, W. J., Rémy, Samuel, Ricciardulli, L., Richardson, A. D., Rieger, L., Robinson, David A., Rodell, Matthew, Rosenlof, Karen H., Roth, Chris, Rozanov, A., Rusak, James A., Rusanovskaya, O., Rutishäuser, T., Sánchez-Lugo, Ahira, Sawaengphokhai, P., Scanlon, T., Schenzinger, Verena, Schladow, S. Geoffey, Schlegel, R. W., Schmid, Martin, Eawag, Selkirk, H. B., Sharma, S., Shi, Lei, Shimaraeva, S. V., Silow, E. A., Simmons, Adrian J., Smith, C. A., Smith, Sharon L., Soden, B. J., Sofieva, Viktoria, Sparks, T. H., Stackhouse, Paul W., Steinbrecht, Wolfgang, Streletskiy, Dimitri A., Taha, G., Telg, Hagen, Thackeray, S. J., Timofeyev, M. A., Tourpali, Kleareti, Tye, Mari R., van der A, Ronald J., van der Schalie, Robin, B.V., van der SchrierW. Paul, Gerard, van der Werf, Guido R., Verburg, Piet, Vernier, Jean-Paul, Vömel, Holger, Vose, Russell S., Wang, Ray, Watanabe, Shohei G., Weber, Mark, Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A., Wiese, David, Wilber, Anne C., Wild, Jeanette D., Wong, Takmeng, Woolway, R. Iestyn, Yin, Xungang, Zhao, Lin, Zhao, Guanguo, Zhou, Xinjia, Ziemke, Jerry R., and Ziese, Markus. Wed . "Global Climate". United States. https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-20-0104.1. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1671172.
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@article{osti_1671172,
title = {Global Climate},
author = {Ades, M. and Adler, R. and Allan, Rob and Allan, R. P. and Anderson, J. and Argüez, Anthony and Arosio, C. and Augustine, J. A. and Azorin-Molina, C. and Barichivich, J. and Barnes, J. and Beck, H. E. and Becker, Andreas and Bellouin, Nicolas and Benedetti, Angela and Berry, David I. and Blenkinsop, Stephen and Bock, Olivier and Bosilovich, Michael G. and Boucher, Olivier and Buehler, S. A. and Carrea, Laura and Christiansen, Hanne H. and Chouza, F. and Christy, John R. and Chung, E. -S. and Coldewey-Egbers, Melanie and Compo, Gil P. and Cooper, Owen R. and Covey, Curt and Crotwell, A. and Davis, Sean M. and de Eyto, Elvira and de Jeu, Richard M. and VanderSat, B. V. and DeGasperi, Curtis L. and Degenstein, Doug and Di Girolamo, Larry and Dokulil, Martin T. and Donat, Markus G. and Dorigo, Wouter A. and Durre, Imke and Dutton, Geoff S. and Duveiller, G. and Elkins, James W. and Fioletov, Vitali E. and Flemming, Johannes and Foster, Michael J. and Frey, Richard A. and Frith, Stacey M. and Froidevaux, Lucien and Garforth, J. and Gupta, S. K. and Haimberger, Leopold and Hall, Brad D. and Harris, Ian and Heidinger, Andrew K. and Hemming, D. L. and Ho, Shu-peng and Hubert, Daan and Hurst, Dale F. and Hüser, I. and Inness, Antje and Isaksen, K. and John, Viju and Jones, Philip D. and Kaiser, J. W. and Kelly, S. and Khaykin, S. and Kidd, R. and Kim, Hyungiun and Kipling, Z. and Kraemer, B. M. and Kratz, D. P. and La Fuente, R. S. and Lan, Xin and Lantz, Kathleen O. and Leblanc, T. and Li, Bailing and Loeb, Norman G. and Long, Craig S. and Loyola, Diego and Marszelewski, Wlodzimierz and Martens, B. and May, Linda and Mayer, Michael and McCabe, M. F. and McVicar, Tim R. and Mears, Carl A. and Menzel, W. Paul and Merchant, Christopher J. and Miller, Ben R. and Miralles, Diego G. and Montzka, Stephen A. and Morice, Colin and Mühle, Jens and Myneni, R. and Nicolas, Julien P. and Noetzli, Jeannette and Osborn, Tim J. and Park, T. and Pasik, A. and Paterson, Andrew M. and Pelto, Mauri S. and Perkins-Kirkpatrick, S. and Pétron, G. and Phillips, C. and Pinty, Bernard and Po-Chedley, S. and Polvani, L. and Preimesberger, W. and Pulkkanen, M. and Randel, W. J. and Rémy, Samuel and Ricciardulli, L. and Richardson, A. D. and Rieger, L. and Robinson, David A. and Rodell, Matthew and Rosenlof, Karen H. and Roth, Chris and Rozanov, A. and Rusak, James A. and Rusanovskaya, O. and Rutishäuser, T. and Sánchez-Lugo, Ahira and Sawaengphokhai, P. and Scanlon, T. and Schenzinger, Verena and Schladow, S. Geoffey and Schlegel, R. W. and Schmid, Martin, Eawag and Selkirk, H. B. and Sharma, S. and Shi, Lei and Shimaraeva, S. V. and Silow, E. A. and Simmons, Adrian J. and Smith, C. A. and Smith, Sharon L. and Soden, B. J. and Sofieva, Viktoria and Sparks, T. H. and Stackhouse, Paul W. and Steinbrecht, Wolfgang and Streletskiy, Dimitri A. and Taha, G. and Telg, Hagen and Thackeray, S. J. and Timofeyev, M. A. and Tourpali, Kleareti and Tye, Mari R. and van der A, Ronald J. and van der Schalie, Robin, B.V. and van der SchrierW. Paul, Gerard and van der Werf, Guido R. and Verburg, Piet and Vernier, Jean-Paul and Vömel, Holger and Vose, Russell S. and Wang, Ray and Watanabe, Shohei G. and Weber, Mark and Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A. and Wiese, David and Wilber, Anne C. and Wild, Jeanette D. and Wong, Takmeng and Woolway, R. Iestyn and Yin, Xungang and Zhao, Lin and Zhao, Guanguo and Zhou, Xinjia and Ziemke, Jerry R. and Ziese, Markus},
abstractNote = {The 2019 global lower tropospheric temperature (LTT), which encompasses the atmosphere from the surface to ~10 km, ranked second warmest in seven datasets and first or third in the remaining two (Fig. 2.7). These records extend back to 1958 using radiosonde (balloon-borne instrumentation) data and one reanalysis dataset (JRA55), which demonstrate reasonable agreement with the 40+ year satellite record (since late 1978) and two other reanalysis datasets (since 1979 and 1980, ERA5 and MERRA2, respectively). Aweak El Niño contributed to increased global temperatures as 2019 values were +0.44° to +0.68°C higher than the 1981–2010 average (depending on the dataset), being just slightly cooler (~0.07°C on average) than the record warm year of 2016. At least fourof the five globally complete datasets (ERA5, MERRA2, JRA55, RSS, UAH) recorded each of the four months—June, September, November, and December—as experiencing their warmest monthly global LTT.},
doi = {10.1175/bams-d-20-0104.1},
journal = {Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society},
number = 8,
volume = 101,
place = {United States},
year = {Wed Aug 12 00:00:00 EDT 2020},
month = {Wed Aug 12 00:00:00 EDT 2020}
}
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