System Strength and Inertia Constrained Optimal Generator Dispatch Under High Renewable Penetration

Gu, Huajie; Yan, Ruifeng; Saha, Tapan Kumar; Muljadi, Eduard

doi:10.1109/tste.2019.2957568

Title: System Strength and Inertia Constrained Optimal Generator Dispatch Under High Renewable Penetration

Full Record
Other Related Research

Abstract

System strength and inertia inherently provided by synchronous generators (SGs) empower a power system to ride through voltage and power disturbances. The requirements of system strength and inertia were not enforced in the National Electricity Market (NEM) of Australia since SGs dominated the generation fleet in the past. However, increasing wind and solar generation continuously displaces SGs and consequently reduces system strength and inertia in the NEM. This paper proposes a formulation of system strength and inertia constrained optimal generator dispatch to reassure NEM operational security in light of emerging high renewable penetration. A fault current iterative solver is developed to evaluate system strength, in which current limitation and voltage control logics of inverter-based generators, and fault current contribution from VAR compensators are properly modelled in the phasor domain. The system strength contribution factor of an SG is defined to linearize system strength constraint for unit commitment (UC). System and sub-network inertia constraints are also formulated for UC to limit the rate of change of frequency (RoCoF) in the event of generator/interconnector trip. We report the proposed generator dispatch formulation can fully meet system strength and inertia requirements in the NEM.

Authors:

^[1];

^[2]

Univ. of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD (Australia)
Auburn Univ., AL (United States)

Publication Date:: Wed Dec 04 00:00:00 EST 2019

Research Org.:: National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Water Power Technologies Office (EE-4W); Australian Government

OSTI Identifier:: 1665820

Report Number(s):: NREL/JA-5000-77461
Journal ID: ISSN 1949-3029; MainId:27397;UUID:25545250-9899-49de-8370-71088dbc5032;MainAdminID:17390

Grant/Contract Number:: AC36-08GO28308

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 11; Journal Issue: 4; Journal ID: ISSN 1949-3029

Publisher:: IEEE

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 42 ENGINEERING; fault level; generator dispatch; inertia; system strength

Citation Formats


                    Gu, Huajie, Yan, Ruifeng, Saha, Tapan Kumar, and Muljadi, Eduard. System Strength and Inertia Constrained Optimal Generator Dispatch Under High Renewable Penetration.  United States: N. p., 2019. 
Web.  doi:10.1109/tste.2019.2957568.

Copy to clipboard


                    Gu, Huajie, Yan, Ruifeng, Saha, Tapan Kumar, & Muljadi, Eduard. System Strength and Inertia Constrained Optimal Generator Dispatch Under High Renewable Penetration.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1109/tste.2019.2957568

Copy to clipboard


                    Gu, Huajie, Yan, Ruifeng, Saha, Tapan Kumar, and Muljadi, Eduard. Wed .  
"System Strength and Inertia Constrained Optimal Generator Dispatch Under High Renewable Penetration".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1109/tste.2019.2957568.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1665820.

Copy to clipboard


                    
@article{osti_1665820,

  title        = {System Strength and Inertia Constrained Optimal Generator Dispatch Under High Renewable Penetration},

  author       = {Gu, Huajie and Yan, Ruifeng and Saha, Tapan Kumar and Muljadi, Eduard},

  abstractNote = {System strength and inertia inherently provided by synchronous generators (SGs) empower a power system to ride through voltage and power disturbances. The requirements of system strength and inertia were not enforced in the National Electricity Market (NEM) of Australia since SGs dominated the generation fleet in the past. However, increasing wind and solar generation continuously displaces SGs and consequently reduces system strength and inertia in the NEM. This paper proposes a formulation of system strength and inertia constrained optimal generator dispatch to reassure NEM operational security in light of emerging high renewable penetration. A fault current iterative solver is developed to evaluate system strength, in which current limitation and voltage control logics of inverter-based generators, and fault current contribution from VAR compensators are properly modelled in the phasor domain. The system strength contribution factor of an SG is defined to linearize system strength constraint for unit commitment (UC). System and sub-network inertia constraints are also formulated for UC to limit the rate of change of frequency (RoCoF) in the event of generator/interconnector trip. We report the proposed generator dispatch formulation can fully meet system strength and inertia requirements in the NEM.},

  doi          = {10.1109/tste.2019.2957568},

  journal      = {IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy},

  number       = 4,

  volume       = 11,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Wed Dec 04 00:00:00 EST 2019},

  month        = {Wed Dec 04 00:00:00 EST 2019}

}

Copy to clipboard

Journal Article:

Free Publicly Available Full Text

Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Publisher's Version of Record

https://doi.org/10.1109/tste.2019.2957568

Other availability

Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal

Save / Share:

Export Metadata

Save to My Library

Similar Records in DOE PAGES and OSTI.GOV collections:

Zonal Inertia Constrained Generator Dispatch Considering Load Frequency Relief

Journal Article Gu, Huajie ; Yan, Ruifeng ; Saha, Tapan Kumar ; ... - IEEE Transactions on Power Systems

Synchronous generators are operating for less time than before or being decommissioned in the National Electricity Market (NEM) of Australia, due to the proliferation of asynchronous wind and solar generation. Sub-networks of the NEM will face inertia shortages in the near future. This paper develops a formulation of zonal inertia constrained generator dispatch for power systems with a diversified generator portfolio including synchronous generators, synchronous condensers, inverter-interfaced generators and energy storages. Zonal inertia constraints are formulated in unit commitment and optimal power flow to limit the rate of change of frequency (RoCoF) in the event of network separation. Load frequencymore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1109/tpwrs.2020.2963914

Full Text Available
Evaluating Methods for Measuring Grid Frequency in Low-Inertia Power Systems: Preprint

Conference Ting, Jocelyn ; Wang, Bin ; Kenyon, Rick Wallace ; ...

Accurate measurement of grid frequency is a critical component of reliable grid control. Traditionally, methods such as phase locked loops (PLLs) and discrete Fourier transforms (DFTs) have been used in inverters and phasor measurement units (PMUs) to measure frequency. However, as the percentage of inverter-based resources (IBRs) such as solar and wind has increased, these conventional frequency measurement methods are proving unable to guarantee reliable control in some cases. One challenge is measuring frequency during transient events, where there is a disruption in the steady state sinusoidal voltage. During these events, the underlying frequency of the grid may barely change,more »« less
https://doi.org/10.1109/KPEC54747.2022.9814727

Full Text Available
Enhanced Frequency Support Scheme of Generic Inverter-Based Resource Models for Renewable-Dominated Power Grids

Conference Kim, Jinho ; Muljadi, Eduard ; Vyakaranam, Bharat GNVSR ; ...

The frequency response of SG-dominated power grids is predictable ahead of an occurrence of a frequency event because the frequency response of SGs is consistent, and it can be inferred from the swing equation [1]. However, increasing the portion of IBRs in an SG-dominated power grid might make the characteristics of the conventional power grids no longer valid because this changing resource mix affects grid dynamics and controls [2]. Thus, maintaining these characteristics greatly benefits the control and operation of the power grids with high penetration of IBRs. To maintain these characteristics in IBR-dominated power grids, IBRs should have frequencymore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCE50734.2022.9948100
Evaluating Methods for Measuring Grid Frequency in Low-Inertia Power Systems

Conference Ting, Jocelyn ; Wang, Bin ; Kenyon, Rick Wallace ; ...

Accurate measurement of grid frequency is a critical component of reliable grid control. Traditionally, inverters and phasor measurement units (PMUs) have used methods such as phase locked loops (PLLs) and discrete Fourier transforms (DFTs) to measure frequency. However, as inverter-based resources (IBRs) such as solar and wind have increased, these conventional frequency measurement methods have yielded incorrect frequency measurements leading to unreliable control in some cases. One challenge is measuring frequency during transient events. During these events, measured frequency may contain significant spikes due to the disrupted waveform, much more rapid and significant than any expected physical frequency dynamics. Newmore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1109/KPEC54747.2022.9814727
A preventive strategy method for voltage and reactive power dispatch

Journal Article Sun, D T.W. ; Shoults, R R - IEEE Trans. Power Appar. Syst.; (United States)

A preventive control program for voltage and reactive power dispatch is developed to enhance a system's capability to cope with outages. In this program, not only the base case but also associated contingency cases have been considered. Therefore, it is referred to as the Global VAR Dispatch Method. The global VAR dispatch method is developed by extending the reactive-power part of the decoupled optimal load flow program by incorporating outagecontingency constraints into the scheme to give an optimal steady-state secure operating point. The reactive power control variables (i.e., generator terminal voltage magnitudes, transformer taps, shunt capacitors/reactors) of the base casemore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1109/TPAS.1985.319197

Similar Records