2D axial-azimuthal particle-in-cell benchmark for low-temperature partially magnetized plasmas

Charoy, T.; Boeuf, J. P.; Bourdon, A.; Carlsson, J. A.; Chabert, P.; Cuenot, B.; Eremin, D.; Garrigues, L.; Hara, K.; Kaganovich, I. D.; Powis, A. T.; Smolyakov, A.; Sydorenko, D.; Tavant, A.; Vermorel, O.; Villafana, W.

doi:10.1088/1361-6595/ab46c5

Title: 2D axial-azimuthal particle-in-cell benchmark for low-temperature partially magnetized plasmas

Abstract

The increasing need to demonstrate the correctness of computer simulations has highlighted the importance of benchmarks. We define in this paper a representative simulation case to study low-temperature partially-magnetized plasmas. Seven independently developed particle-in-cell codes have simulated this benchmark case, with the same specified conditions. The characteristics of the codes used, such as implementation details or computing times and resources, are given. First, we compare at steady-state the time-averaged axial profiles of three main discharge parameters (axial electric field, ion density and electron temperature). We show that the results obtained exhibit a very good agreement within 5% between all the codes. As E x B discharges are known to cause instabilities propagating in the direction of electron drift, an analysis of these instabilities is then performed and a similar behaviour is retrieved between all the codes. A particular attention has been paid to the numerical convergence by varying the number of macroparticles per cell and we show that the chosen benchmark case displays a good convergence. Detailed outputs are given in the supplementary data, to be used by other similar codes in the perspective of code verification.

Authors:

^[1];

^[2];

^[1];

^[3]; Chabert, P. ^[1];

^[4]; Eremin, D. ^[5];

^[2];

^[6];

^[7]; Powis, A. T. ^[8];

^[9]; Sydorenko, D. ^[10];

^[11];

^[4]; Villafana, W. ^[12]

PSL Research Univ., Palaiseau (France)
Univ. of Toulouse (France)
RadiaSoft LLC, Boulder, CO (United States)
CERFACS, Toulouse (France)
Ruhr Univ., Bochum (Germany)
Texas A & M Univ., College Station, TX (United States)
Princeton Plasma Physics Lab. (PPPL), Princeton, NJ (United States)
Princeton Univ., NJ (United States)
Univ. of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK (Canada)
Univ. of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK (Canada); Univ. of Alberta, Edmonton, AB (Canada)
PSL Research Univ., Palaiseau (France); Safran Aircraft Engines, Vernon (France)
CERFACS, Toulouse (France); Safran Aircraft Engines, Vernon (France)

Publication Date:: Thu Oct 17 00:00:00 EDT 2019

Research Org.:: Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL), Princeton, NJ (United States); Texas A & M Univ., College Station, TX (United States). Texas A & M Engineering Experiment Station

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Fusion Energy Sciences (FES); US Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); Agence Nationale de la Recherche; German Research Foundation (DFG)

OSTI Identifier:: 1660946

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1572876

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0019045; A0032B10157; SFB-TR 87; FA9550-18-1-0132; FA9550-15-1-0226; ANR-16-CHIN-0003-01

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Plasma Sources Science and Technology

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 28; Journal Issue: 10; Journal ID: ISSN 1361-6595

Publisher:: IOP Publishing

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY; ExB discharges; benchmark; particle-in-cell; electron drift instability

Citation Formats


                    Charoy, T., Boeuf, J. P., Bourdon, A., Carlsson, J. A., Chabert, P., Cuenot, B., Eremin, D., Garrigues, L., Hara, K., Kaganovich, I. D., Powis, A. T., Smolyakov, A., Sydorenko, D., Tavant, A., Vermorel, O., and Villafana, W. 2D axial-azimuthal particle-in-cell benchmark for low-temperature partially magnetized plasmas.  United States: N. p., 2019. 
Web.  doi:10.1088/1361-6595/ab46c5.

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                    Charoy, T., Boeuf, J. P., Bourdon, A., Carlsson, J. A., Chabert, P., Cuenot, B., Eremin, D., Garrigues, L., Hara, K., Kaganovich, I. D., Powis, A. T., Smolyakov, A., Sydorenko, D., Tavant, A., Vermorel, O., & Villafana, W. 2D axial-azimuthal particle-in-cell benchmark for low-temperature partially magnetized plasmas.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6595/ab46c5

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                    Charoy, T., Boeuf, J. P., Bourdon, A., Carlsson, J. A., Chabert, P., Cuenot, B., Eremin, D., Garrigues, L., Hara, K., Kaganovich, I. D., Powis, A. T., Smolyakov, A., Sydorenko, D., Tavant, A., Vermorel, O., and Villafana, W. Thu .  
"2D axial-azimuthal particle-in-cell benchmark for low-temperature partially magnetized plasmas".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6595/ab46c5.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1660946.

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@article{osti_1660946,

  title        = {2D axial-azimuthal particle-in-cell benchmark for low-temperature partially magnetized plasmas},

  author       = {Charoy, T. and Boeuf, J. P. and Bourdon, A. and Carlsson, J. A. and Chabert, P. and Cuenot, B. and Eremin, D. and Garrigues, L. and Hara, K. and Kaganovich, I. D. and Powis, A. T. and Smolyakov, A. and Sydorenko, D. and Tavant, A. and Vermorel, O. and Villafana, W.},

  abstractNote = {The increasing need to demonstrate the correctness of computer simulations has highlighted the importance of benchmarks. We define in this paper a representative simulation case to study low-temperature partially-magnetized plasmas. Seven independently developed particle-in-cell codes have simulated this benchmark case, with the same specified conditions. The characteristics of the codes used, such as implementation details or computing times and resources, are given. First, we compare at steady-state the time-averaged axial profiles of three main discharge parameters (axial electric field, ion density and electron temperature). We show that the results obtained exhibit a very good agreement within 5% between all the codes. As E x B discharges are known to cause instabilities propagating in the direction of electron drift, an analysis of these instabilities is then performed and a similar behaviour is retrieved between all the codes. A particular attention has been paid to the numerical convergence by varying the number of macroparticles per cell and we show that the chosen benchmark case displays a good convergence. Detailed outputs are given in the supplementary data, to be used by other similar codes in the perspective of code verification.},

  doi          = {10.1088/1361-6595/ab46c5},

  journal      = {Plasma Sources Science and Technology},

  number       = 10,

  volume       = 28,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Thu Oct 17 00:00:00 EDT 2019},

  month        = {Thu Oct 17 00:00:00 EDT 2019}

}

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Journal Article:

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https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6595/ab46c5

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Figures / Tables:

Figure 1: Simulation domain. x is the axial direction, y the (periodic) azimuthal direction. Black pointed dashed line ($x$_{$B_{max}$}= 0.75 cm): position of maximum radial magnetic field. Green dashed line ($x_e$=2.4 cm): plane from which electrons are emitted uniformly along the azimuthal direction.

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Similar Records

Title: 2D axial-azimuthal particle-in-cell benchmark for low-temperature partially magnetized plasmas

Abstract

Citation Formats

Figures / Tables:

Tutorial: Physics and modeling of Hall thrusters journal, January 2017

High power impulse magnetron sputtering discharge journal, May 2012

Simulation benchmarks for low-pressure plasmas: Capacitive discharges journal, January 2013

Radiofrequency discharge benchmark model comparison journal, February 1995

The effects of secondary electron emission on plasma sheath characteristics and electron transport in an ${\bf{E}}\times {\bf{B}}$ discharge via kinetic simulations journal, December 2018

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Modeling of plasma transport and negative ion extraction in a magnetized radio-frequency plasma source journal, January 2017

An energy- and charge-conserving, implicit, electrostatic particle-in-cell algorithm journal, August 2011

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Tutorial: Reactive high power impulse magnetron sputtering (R-HiPIMS) journal, March 2017

hypre: A Library of High Performance Preconditioners book, April 2002

Steady and unsteady flow simulations using the hybrid flow solver AVBP journal, January 1999

Study of stationary plasma thrusters using two-dimensional fully kinetic simulations journal, January 2004

Characteristics and transport effects of the electron drift instability in Hall-effect thrusters journal, January 2017

Physics of a magnetic filter for negative ion sources. II. E × B drift through the filter in a real geometry journal, November 2012

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E × B electron drift instability in Hall thrusters: Particle-in-cell simulations vs. theory journal, June 2018

Nonlinear structures and anomalous transport in partially magnetized E×B plasmas journal, January 2018

Rotating Instability in Low-Temperature Magnetized Plasmas journal, October 2013

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Improved long-period generators based on linear recurrences modulo 2 journal, March 2006

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Dispersion relations of electron density fluctuations in a Hall thruster plasma, observed by collective light scattering journal, March 2009

A two-dimensional (azimuthal-axial) particle-in-cell model of a Hall thruster journal, February 2014

High-frequency electron drift instability in the cross-field configuration of Hall thrusters journal, October 2006

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Electron sub-cycling in particle simulation of plasma journal, August 1982

Modulated Electron Cyclotron Drift Instability in a High-Power Pulsed Magnetron Discharge journal, May 2015

Anomalous electron transport in Hall-effect thrusters: Comparison between quasi-linear kinetic theory and particle-in-cell simulations journal, June 2018

Evolution of the electron cyclotron drift instability in two-dimensions journal, August 2018

Steady and Unsteady Flow Simulations Using the Hybrid Flow Solver AVBP journal, November 1999

Collisions in a Plasma of Finite-Size Particles journal, January 1970

Longitudinal waves in a perpendicular collisionless plasma shock: I. Cold ions journal, December 1970

Physics, simulation and diagnostics of Hall effect thrusters journal, November 2008

Plasma oscillations in Hall thrusters journal, January 2001

Comparison of six simulation codes for positive streamers in air journal, September 2018

The effect of alternative propellants on the electron drift instability in Hall-effect thrusters: Insight from 2D particle-in-cell simulations journal, June 2018

Fluid theory and simulations of instabilities, turbulent transport and coherent structures in partially-magnetized plasmas of $\mathbf{E}\times \mathbf{B}$ discharges journal, November 2016

Hall thruster plasma fluctuations identified as the E×B electron drift instability: Modeling and fitting on experimental data journal, August 2013

Xorshift RNGs journal, January 2003

An Energy- and Charge-conserving, Implicit, Electrostatic Particle-in-Cell Algorithm text, January 2011

The effect of alternative propellants on the electron drift instability in Hall-effect thrusters: Insight from 2D Particle-In-Cell simulations text, January 2018

Self-organized standing waves generated by AC-driven electron cyclotron drift instabilities journal, December 2019

Physics of E × B discharges relevant to plasma propulsion and similar technologies journal, December 2020

Tutorial: Physics and modeling of Hall thrusters
journal, January 2017

High power impulse magnetron sputtering discharge
journal, May 2012

Simulation benchmarks for low-pressure plasmas: Capacitive discharges
journal, January 2013

Radiofrequency discharge benchmark model comparison
journal, February 1995

The effects of secondary electron emission on plasma sheath characteristics and electron transport in an ${\bf{E}}\times {\bf{B}}$ discharge via kinetic simulations
journal, December 2018

Theory for the anomalous electron transport in Hall effect thrusters. I. Insights from particle-in-cell simulations
journal, May 2016

Issues in the understanding of negative ion extraction for fusion
journal, June 2016

Nonlinear Development of the Beam-Cyclotron Instability
journal, May 1971

Kinetic properties of particle-in-cell simulations compromised by Monte Carlo collisions
journal, March 2006

Modeling of plasma transport and negative ion extraction in a magnetized radio-frequency plasma source
journal, January 2017

An energy- and charge-conserving, implicit, electrostatic particle-in-cell algorithm
journal, August 2011

2D particle-in-cell simulations of the electron drift instability and associated anomalous electron transport in Hall-effect thrusters
journal, February 2017

Tutorial: Reactive high power impulse magnetron sputtering (R-HiPIMS)
journal, March 2017

hypre: A Library of High Performance Preconditioners
book, April 2002

Steady and unsteady flow simulations using the hybrid flow solver AVBP
journal, January 1999

Study of stationary plasma thrusters using two-dimensional fully kinetic simulations
journal, January 2004

Characteristics and transport effects of the electron drift instability in Hall-effect thrusters
journal, January 2017

Physics of a magnetic filter for negative ion sources. II. E × B drift through the filter in a real geometry
journal, November 2012

Three-dimensional modeling of a negative ion source with a magnetic filter: impact of biasing the plasma electrode on the plasma asymmetry
journal, August 2015

E × B electron drift instability in Hall thrusters: Particle-in-cell simulations vs. theory
journal, June 2018

Nonlinear structures and anomalous transport in partially magnetized E×B plasmas
journal, January 2018

Rotating Instability in Low-Temperature Magnetized Plasmas
journal, October 2013

Appropriate use of the particle-in-cell method in low temperature plasmas: Application to the simulation of negative ion extraction
journal, December 2016

Improved long-period generators based on linear recurrences modulo 2
journal, March 2006

Radio-frequency biasing of ion acceleration grids
journal, December 2018

Dispersion relations of electron density fluctuations in a Hall thruster plasma, observed by collective light scattering
journal, March 2009

A two-dimensional (azimuthal-axial) particle-in-cell model of a Hall thruster
journal, February 2014

High-frequency electron drift instability in the cross-field configuration of Hall thrusters
journal, October 2006

Physics of a magnetic filter for negative ion sources. I. Collisional transport across the filter in an ideal, 1D filter
journal, November 2012

Negative ion extraction via particle simulation for fusion: critical assessment of recent contributions
journal, November 2016

Electron sub-cycling in particle simulation of plasma
journal, August 1982

Modulated Electron Cyclotron Drift Instability in a High-Power Pulsed Magnetron Discharge
journal, May 2015

Anomalous electron transport in Hall-effect thrusters: Comparison between quasi-linear kinetic theory and particle-in-cell simulations
journal, June 2018

Evolution of the electron cyclotron drift instability in two-dimensions
journal, August 2018

Steady and Unsteady Flow Simulations Using the Hybrid Flow Solver AVBP
journal, November 1999

Collisions in a Plasma of Finite-Size Particles
journal, January 1970

Longitudinal waves in a perpendicular collisionless plasma shock: I. Cold ions
journal, December 1970

Physics, simulation and diagnostics of Hall effect thrusters
journal, November 2008

Plasma oscillations in Hall thrusters
journal, January 2001

Comparison of six simulation codes for positive streamers in air
journal, September 2018

The effect of alternative propellants on the electron drift instability in Hall-effect thrusters: Insight from 2D particle-in-cell simulations
journal, June 2018

Fluid theory and simulations of instabilities, turbulent transport and coherent structures in partially-magnetized plasmas of $\mathbf{E}\times \mathbf{B}$ discharges
journal, November 2016

Hall thruster plasma fluctuations identified as the E×B electron drift instability: Modeling and fitting on experimental data
journal, August 2013

Xorshift RNGs
journal, January 2003

An Energy- and Charge-conserving, Implicit, Electrostatic Particle-in-Cell Algorithm
text, January 2011

The effect of alternative propellants on the electron drift instability in Hall-effect thrusters: Insight from 2D Particle-In-Cell simulations
text, January 2018

Self-organized standing waves generated by AC-driven electron cyclotron drift instabilities
journal, December 2019

Physics of E × B discharges relevant to plasma propulsion and similar technologies
journal, December 2020