Monolithically-Fabricated Tunable Long-Wave Infrared Detectors Based on Dynamic Graphene Metasurfaces.
Abstract
In this paper, the design, fabrication, and characterization of an actively tunable long-wave infrared detector, made possible through direct integration of a graphene-enabled metasurface with a conventional type-II superlattice infrared detector, are reported. This structure allows for post-fabrication tuning of the detector spectral response through voltage-induced modification of the carrier density within graphene and, therefore, its plasmonic response. These changes modify the transmittance through the metasurface, which is fabricated monolithically atop the detector, allowing for spectral control of light reaching the detector. Importantly, this structure provides a fabrication-controlled alignment of the metasurface filter to the detector pixel and is entirely solid-state. Using single pixel devices, relative changes in the spectral response exceeding 8% have been realized. These proof-of-concept devices present a path toward solid-state hyperspectral imaging with independent pixel-to-pixel spectral control through a voltage-actuated dynamic response.
- Authors:
-
[1];
[1];
[1];
[1];
- Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)
- Naval Surface Warfare Center (NSWC), Crane, IN (United States)
- Air Force Research Lab. (AFRL), Kirtland AFB (United States). Space Vehicles Directorate
- Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States); Center for Integrated Technologies, Albuquerque, NM (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1634796
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1617986
- Report Number(s):
- SAND-2020-5506J
Journal ID: ISSN 0003-6951; 686344; TRN: US2201395
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC04-94AL85000; NA0003525; SAND-2020-5506J
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Applied Physics Letters
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 116; Journal Issue: 19; Journal ID: ISSN 0003-6951
- Publisher:
- American Institute of Physics (AIP)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION; electromagnetic radiation detectors; metamaterials; hyperspectral imaging; photodetectors; graphene; plasmonics; superlattices
Citation Formats
Goldflam, Michael, Ruiz, Isaac, Howell, Stephen, Tauke-Pedretti, Anna, Anderson, Evan Michael, Wendt, Joel, Finnegan, Patrick Sean, Hawkins, Samuel D., Coon, Wesley Thomas, Fortune, Torben Ray, Shaner, Eric A., Kadlec, Clark N., Olesberg, Jonathon, Klem, John F., Webster, Preston, Sinclair, Michael B., Kim, Jin K., Peters, David W., and Beechem, Thomas Edwin. Monolithically-Fabricated Tunable Long-Wave Infrared Detectors Based on Dynamic Graphene Metasurfaces.. United States: N. p., 2020.
Web. doi:10.1063/5.0007780.
Goldflam, Michael, Ruiz, Isaac, Howell, Stephen, Tauke-Pedretti, Anna, Anderson, Evan Michael, Wendt, Joel, Finnegan, Patrick Sean, Hawkins, Samuel D., Coon, Wesley Thomas, Fortune, Torben Ray, Shaner, Eric A., Kadlec, Clark N., Olesberg, Jonathon, Klem, John F., Webster, Preston, Sinclair, Michael B., Kim, Jin K., Peters, David W., & Beechem, Thomas Edwin. Monolithically-Fabricated Tunable Long-Wave Infrared Detectors Based on Dynamic Graphene Metasurfaces.. United States. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0007780
Goldflam, Michael, Ruiz, Isaac, Howell, Stephen, Tauke-Pedretti, Anna, Anderson, Evan Michael, Wendt, Joel, Finnegan, Patrick Sean, Hawkins, Samuel D., Coon, Wesley Thomas, Fortune, Torben Ray, Shaner, Eric A., Kadlec, Clark N., Olesberg, Jonathon, Klem, John F., Webster, Preston, Sinclair, Michael B., Kim, Jin K., Peters, David W., and Beechem, Thomas Edwin. Mon .
"Monolithically-Fabricated Tunable Long-Wave Infrared Detectors Based on Dynamic Graphene Metasurfaces.". United States. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0007780. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1634796.
@article{osti_1634796,
title = {Monolithically-Fabricated Tunable Long-Wave Infrared Detectors Based on Dynamic Graphene Metasurfaces.},
author = {Goldflam, Michael and Ruiz, Isaac and Howell, Stephen and Tauke-Pedretti, Anna and Anderson, Evan Michael and Wendt, Joel and Finnegan, Patrick Sean and Hawkins, Samuel D. and Coon, Wesley Thomas and Fortune, Torben Ray and Shaner, Eric A. and Kadlec, Clark N. and Olesberg, Jonathon and Klem, John F. and Webster, Preston and Sinclair, Michael B. and Kim, Jin K. and Peters, David W. and Beechem, Thomas Edwin},
abstractNote = {In this paper, the design, fabrication, and characterization of an actively tunable long-wave infrared detector, made possible through direct integration of a graphene-enabled metasurface with a conventional type-II superlattice infrared detector, are reported. This structure allows for post-fabrication tuning of the detector spectral response through voltage-induced modification of the carrier density within graphene and, therefore, its plasmonic response. These changes modify the transmittance through the metasurface, which is fabricated monolithically atop the detector, allowing for spectral control of light reaching the detector. Importantly, this structure provides a fabrication-controlled alignment of the metasurface filter to the detector pixel and is entirely solid-state. Using single pixel devices, relative changes in the spectral response exceeding 8% have been realized. These proof-of-concept devices present a path toward solid-state hyperspectral imaging with independent pixel-to-pixel spectral control through a voltage-actuated dynamic response.},
doi = {10.1063/5.0007780},
journal = {Applied Physics Letters},
number = 19,
volume = 116,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon May 11 00:00:00 EDT 2020},
month = {Mon May 11 00:00:00 EDT 2020}
}
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