DOE PAGES title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information

Title: Tin-graphene tubes as anodes for lithium-ion batteries with high volumetric and gravimetric energy densities

Abstract

Limited by the size of microelectronics, as well as the space of electrical vehicles, there are tremendous demands for lithium-ion batteries with high volumetric energy densities. Current lithium-ion batteries, however, adopt graphite-based anodes with low tap density and gravimetric capacity, resulting in poor volumetric performance metric. Here, by encapsulating nanoparticles of metallic tin in mechanically robust graphene tubes, we show tin anodes with high volumetric and gravimetric capacities, high rate performance, and long cycling life. Pairing with a commercial cathode material LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2, full cells exhibit a gravimetric and volumetric energy density of 590 W h Kg-1 and 1,252 W h L-1 , respectively, the latter of which doubles that of the cell based on graphite anodes. This work provides an effective route towards lithium-ion batteries with high energy density for a broad range of applications.

Authors:
 [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [2];  [3]; ORCiD logo [3];  [4];  [5];  [1]
  1. Univ. of California, Los Angeles, CA (United States). Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
  2. Jilin Univ., Changchun (China). State Key Lab. of Supramolecular Strucure and Materials
  3. Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States). Environmental Molecular Sciences Lab.
  4. ENN Group, Langfang (China)
  5. Shanghai Univ. of Electric Power (China). Shanghai Key Lab. of Materials Protection and Advanced Materials in Electric Power
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Chemical Sciences, Geosciences & Biosciences Division
OSTI Identifier:
1629184
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC05-76RL01830
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Nature Communications
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 11; Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 2041-1723
Publisher:
Nature Publishing Group
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
25 ENERGY STORAGE

Citation Formats

Mo, Runwei, Tan, Xinyi, Li, Fan, Tao, Ran, Xu, Jinhui, Kong, Dejia, Wang, Zhiyong, Xu, Bin, Wang, Xiang, Wang, Chongmin, Li, Jinlai, Peng, Yiting, and Lu, Yunfeng. Tin-graphene tubes as anodes for lithium-ion batteries with high volumetric and gravimetric energy densities. United States: N. p., 2020. Web. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-14859-z.
Mo, Runwei, Tan, Xinyi, Li, Fan, Tao, Ran, Xu, Jinhui, Kong, Dejia, Wang, Zhiyong, Xu, Bin, Wang, Xiang, Wang, Chongmin, Li, Jinlai, Peng, Yiting, & Lu, Yunfeng. Tin-graphene tubes as anodes for lithium-ion batteries with high volumetric and gravimetric energy densities. United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-14859-z
Mo, Runwei, Tan, Xinyi, Li, Fan, Tao, Ran, Xu, Jinhui, Kong, Dejia, Wang, Zhiyong, Xu, Bin, Wang, Xiang, Wang, Chongmin, Li, Jinlai, Peng, Yiting, and Lu, Yunfeng. Fri . "Tin-graphene tubes as anodes for lithium-ion batteries with high volumetric and gravimetric energy densities". United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-14859-z. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1629184.
@article{osti_1629184,
title = {Tin-graphene tubes as anodes for lithium-ion batteries with high volumetric and gravimetric energy densities},
author = {Mo, Runwei and Tan, Xinyi and Li, Fan and Tao, Ran and Xu, Jinhui and Kong, Dejia and Wang, Zhiyong and Xu, Bin and Wang, Xiang and Wang, Chongmin and Li, Jinlai and Peng, Yiting and Lu, Yunfeng},
abstractNote = {Limited by the size of microelectronics, as well as the space of electrical vehicles, there are tremendous demands for lithium-ion batteries with high volumetric energy densities. Current lithium-ion batteries, however, adopt graphite-based anodes with low tap density and gravimetric capacity, resulting in poor volumetric performance metric. Here, by encapsulating nanoparticles of metallic tin in mechanically robust graphene tubes, we show tin anodes with high volumetric and gravimetric capacities, high rate performance, and long cycling life. Pairing with a commercial cathode material LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2, full cells exhibit a gravimetric and volumetric energy density of 590 W h Kg-1 and 1,252 W h L-1 , respectively, the latter of which doubles that of the cell based on graphite anodes. This work provides an effective route towards lithium-ion batteries with high energy density for a broad range of applications.},
doi = {10.1038/s41467-020-14859-z},
journal = {Nature Communications},
number = 1,
volume = 11,
place = {United States},
year = {Fri Mar 13 00:00:00 EDT 2020},
month = {Fri Mar 13 00:00:00 EDT 2020}
}

Works referenced in this record:

Issues and challenges facing rechargeable lithium batteries
journal, November 2001

  • Tarascon, J.-M.; Armand, M.
  • Nature, Vol. 414, Issue 6861, p. 359-367
  • DOI: 10.1038/35104644

Nanostructured materials for advanced energy conversion and storage devices
journal, May 2005

  • Aricò, Antonino Salvatore; Bruce, Peter; Scrosati, Bruno
  • Nature Materials, Vol. 4, Issue 5, p. 366-377
  • DOI: 10.1038/nmat1368

Building a Better Battery
journal, December 2010


Materials for electrochemical capacitors
journal, November 2008

  • Simon, Patrice; Gogotsi, Yury
  • Nature Materials, Vol. 7, Issue 11
  • DOI: 10.1038/nmat2297

Nanomaterials for energy conversion and storage
journal, January 2013

  • Zhang, Qifeng; Uchaker, Evan; Candelaria, Stephanie L.
  • Chemical Society Reviews, Vol. 42, Issue 7
  • DOI: 10.1039/c3cs00009e

Determination of the Lithium Ion Diffusion Coefficient in Graphite
journal, January 1999

  • Yu, Ping
  • Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 146, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1149/1.1391556

Alloy Negative Electrodes for Li-Ion Batteries
journal, October 2014

  • Obrovac, M. N.; Chevrier, V. L.
  • Chemical Reviews, Vol. 114, Issue 23
  • DOI: 10.1021/cr500207g

Investigation of the Influence of Nanostructured LiNi 0.33 Co 0.33 Mn 0.33 O 2 Lithium-Ion Battery Electrodes on Performance and Aging
journal, January 2018

  • Dreizler, Andreas M.; Bohn, Nicole; Geßwein, Holger
  • Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 165, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1149/2.1061802jes

Prospect and Reality of Ni-Rich Cathode for Commercialization
journal, November 2017

  • Kim, Junhyeok; Lee, Hyomyung; Cha, Hyungyeon
  • Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 8, Issue 6
  • DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201702028

High-performance lithium-ion anodes using a hierarchical bottom-up approach
journal, March 2010

  • Magasinski, A.; Dixon, P.; Hertzberg, B.
  • Nature Materials, Vol. 9, Issue 4, p. 353-358
  • DOI: 10.1038/nmat2725

Reversible Storage of Lithium in Silver-Coated Three-Dimensional Macroporous Silicon
journal, May 2010


High Capacity Li Ion Battery Anodes Using Ge Nanowires
journal, January 2008

  • Chan, Candace K.; Zhang, Xiao Feng; Cui, Yi
  • Nano Letters, Vol. 8, Issue 1, p. 307-309
  • DOI: 10.1021/nl0727157

Novel Core-Shell Sn-Cu Anodes for Lithium Rechargeable Batteries Prepared by a Redox-Transmetalation Reaction
journal, October 2010


Uniform Nano-Sn/C Composite Anodes for Lithium Ion Batteries
journal, January 2013

  • Xu, Yunhua; Liu, Qing; Zhu, Yujie
  • Nano Letters, Vol. 13, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1021/nl303823k

Pipe-Wire TiO 2 –Sn@Carbon Nanofibers Paper Anodes for Lithium and Sodium Ion Batteries
journal, May 2017


Atomic-scale characterization of tin-based intermetallic anodes
journal, April 2009


Nanospheres of a New Intermetallic FeSn 5 Phase: Synthesis, Magnetic Properties and Anode Performance in Li-ion Batteries
journal, July 2011

  • Wang, Xiao-Liang; Feygenson, Mikhail; Chen, Haiyan
  • Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 133, Issue 29
  • DOI: 10.1021/ja202243j

Anodes for Sodium Ion Batteries Based on Tin–Germanium–Antimony Alloys
journal, April 2014

  • Farbod, Behdokht; Cui, Kai; Kalisvaart, W. Peter
  • ACS Nano, Vol. 8, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.1021/nn4063598

Self-Assembled Cu–Sn–S Nanotubes with High (De)Lithiation Performance
journal, September 2017


A High-Rate and Ultrastable Sodium Ion Anode Based on a Novel Sn 4 P 3 -P@Graphene Nanocomposite
journal, September 2017

  • Xu, Yaolin; Peng, Bo; Mulder, Fokko M.
  • Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 8, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201701847

Multilayer nanoassembly of Sn-nanopillar arrays sandwiched between graphene layers for high-capacity lithium storage
journal, January 2011

  • Ji, Liwen; Tan, Zhongkui; Kuykendall, Tevye
  • Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 4, Issue 9
  • DOI: 10.1039/c1ee01592c

Sn@CNT Nanostructures Rooted in Graphene with High and Fast Li-Storage Capacities
journal, September 2011


Atomic-Layer-Deposition Oxide Nanoglue for Sodium Ion Batteries
journal, December 2013

  • Han, Xiaogang; Liu, Yang; Jia, Zheng
  • Nano Letters, Vol. 14, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1021/nl4035626

Ultrasmall Sn Nanoparticles Embedded in Nitrogen-Doped Porous Carbon As High-Performance Anode for Lithium-Ion Batteries
journal, December 2013

  • Zhu, Zhiqiang; Wang, Shiwen; Du, Jing
  • Nano Letters, Vol. 14, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1021/nl403631h

Mesoporous TiO 2 -Sn/C Core-Shell Nanowire Arrays as High-Performance 3D Anodes for Li-Ion Batteries
journal, May 2014


Graphene Networks Anchored with Sn@Graphene as Lithium Ion Battery Anode
journal, January 2014

  • Qin, Jian; He, Chunnian; Zhao, Naiqin
  • ACS Nano, Vol. 8, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1021/nn406105n

A Hierarchical Tin/Carbon Composite as an Anode for Lithium-Ion Batteries with a Long Cycle Life
journal, December 2014

  • Huang, Xingkang; Cui, Shumao; Chang, Jingbo
  • Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 54, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.1002/anie.201409530

Ultrasmall Sn Nanoparticles Embedded in Carbon as High-Performance Anode for Sodium-Ion Batteries
journal, October 2014

  • Liu, Yongchang; Zhang, Ning; Jiao, Lifang
  • Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 25, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201402943

Simple Synthesis of Nanostructured Sn/Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Composite Using Nitrilotriacetic Acid as Lithium Ion Battery Anode
journal, February 2016


Tailored Yolk-Shell Sn@C Nanoboxes for High-Performance Lithium Storage
journal, January 2017

  • Zhang, Hongwei; Huang, Xiaodan; Noonan, Owen
  • Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 27, Issue 8
  • DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201606023

Monodisperse and Inorganically Capped Sn and Sn/SnO 2 Nanocrystals for High-Performance Li-Ion Battery Anodes
journal, March 2013

  • Kravchyk, Kostiantyn; Protesescu, Loredana; Bodnarchuk, Maryna I.
  • Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 135, Issue 11
  • DOI: 10.1021/ja312604r

Phase Evolution of Tin Nanocrystals in Lithium Ion Batteries
journal, November 2013

  • Im, Hyung Soon; Cho, Yong Jae; Lim, Young Rok
  • ACS Nano, Vol. 7, Issue 12
  • DOI: 10.1021/nn404837d

High-Rate, Long-Life Ni–Sn Nanostructured Electrodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries
journal, June 2007

  • Hassoun, J.; Panero, S.; Simon, P.
  • Advanced Materials, Vol. 19, Issue 12, p. 1632-1635
  • DOI: 10.1002/adma.200602035

Tin Nanodots Encapsulated in Porous Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanofibers as a Free-Standing Anode for Advanced Sodium-Ion Batteries
journal, September 2015


Caging tin oxide in three-dimensional graphene networks for superior volumetric lithium storage
journal, January 2018


True Performance Metrics in Electrochemical Energy Storage
journal, November 2011


Anomalous, High-Voltage Irreversible Capacity in Tin Electrodes for Lithium Batteries
journal, January 2003

  • Beattie, S. D.; Hatchard, T.; Bonakdarpour, A.
  • Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 150, Issue 6
  • DOI: 10.1149/1.1569477

High-Performance Supercapacitors Based on Intertwined CNT/V2O5 Nanowire Nanocomposites
journal, February 2011


Reversible Insertion of Sodium in Tin
journal, January 2012

  • Ellis, L. D.; Hatchard, T. D.; Obrovac, M. N.
  • Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 159, Issue 11
  • DOI: 10.1149/2.037211jes

Folding Graphene Film Yields High Areal Energy Storage in Lithium-Ion Batteries
journal, January 2018


Solvated Graphene Frameworks as High-Performance Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries
journal, March 2015

  • Xu, Yuxi; Lin, Zhaoyang; Zhong, Xing
  • Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 54, Issue 18
  • DOI: 10.1002/anie.201500677

Graphene balls for lithium rechargeable batteries with fast charging and high volumetric energy densities
journal, November 2017


State of the art of commercial Li ion batteries
journal, December 2000


Fast-charging high-energy lithium-ion batteries via implantation of amorphous silicon nanolayer in edge-plane activated graphite anodes
journal, October 2017


Scalable synthesis of silicon-nanolayer-embedded graphite for high-energy lithium-ion batteries
journal, August 2016


Carbon-coated nano-sized Li4Ti5O12 nanoporous micro-sphere as anode material for high-rate lithium-ion batteries
journal, January 2011

  • Zhu, Guan-Nan; Liu, Hai-Jing; Zhuang, Ji-Hua
  • Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 4, Issue 10
  • DOI: 10.1039/c1ee01680f

Characterization of commercially available lithium-ion batteries
journal, January 1998


Micron-sized, carbon-coated Li4Ti5O12 as high power anode material for advanced lithium batteries
journal, September 2011


High-Density Monolith of N-Doped Holey Graphene for Ultrahigh Volumetric Capacity of Li-Ion Batteries
journal, January 2016

  • Wang, Xiaopeng; Lv, Lingxiao; Cheng, Zhihua
  • Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 6, Issue 6
  • DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201502100

High Volumetric Capacity Three-Dimensionally Sphere-Caged Secondary Battery Anodes
journal, June 2016


Bowl-like SnO 2 @Carbon Hollow Particles as an Advanced Anode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries
journal, September 2014

  • Liang, Jin; Yu, Xin-Yao; Zhou, Han
  • Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 53, Issue 47
  • DOI: 10.1002/anie.201407917

SnS2@reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites as anode materials with high capacity for rechargeable lithium ion batteries
journal, January 2012

  • Yin, Jiefu; Cao, Huaqiang; Zhou, Zhongfu
  • Journal of Materials Chemistry, Vol. 22, Issue 45
  • DOI: 10.1039/c2jm35137d

Stable Li-ion battery anodes by in-situ polymerization of conducting hydrogel to conformally coat silicon nanoparticles
journal, June 2013

  • Wu, Hui; Yu, Guihua; Pan, Lijia
  • Nature Communications, Vol. 4, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2941

Facile Synthesis of Free-Standing Silicon Membranes with Three-Dimensional Nanoarchitecture for Anodes of Lithium Ion Batteries
journal, June 2013

  • Xia, Fan; Kim, Seong Been; Cheng, Huanyu
  • Nano Letters, Vol. 13, Issue 7
  • DOI: 10.1021/nl401629q

Tailored Yolk-Shell Sn@C Nanoboxes for High-Performance Lithium Storage
journal, January 2017

  • Zhang, Hongwei; Huang, Xiaodan; Noonan, Owen
  • Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 27, Issue 8
  • DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201606023

Reversible Storage of Lithium in Silver-Coated Three-Dimensional Macroporous Silicon
journal, May 2010


Novel Core-Shell Sn-Cu Anodes for Lithium Rechargeable Batteries Prepared by a Redox-Transmetalation Reaction
journal, October 2010


High-Performance Supercapacitors Based on Intertwined CNT/V2O5 Nanowire Nanocomposites
journal, February 2011


Tin Nanodots Encapsulated in Porous Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanofibers as a Free-Standing Anode for Advanced Sodium-Ion Batteries
journal, September 2015


High-Density Monolith of N-Doped Holey Graphene for Ultrahigh Volumetric Capacity of Li-Ion Batteries
journal, January 2016

  • Wang, Xiaopeng; Lv, Lingxiao; Cheng, Zhihua
  • Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 6, Issue 6
  • DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201502100

Prospect and Reality of Ni-Rich Cathode for Commercialization
journal, November 2017

  • Kim, Junhyeok; Lee, Hyomyung; Cha, Hyungyeon
  • Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 8, Issue 6
  • DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201702028

Bowl-like SnO2@Carbon Hollow Particles as an Advanced Anode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries
journal, September 2014


Solvated Graphene Frameworks as High-Performance Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries
journal, March 2015


A Hierarchical Tin/Carbon Composite as an Anode for Lithium-Ion Batteries with a Long Cycle Life
journal, December 2014

  • Huang, Xingkang; Cui, Shumao; Chang, Jingbo
  • Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 54, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.1002/anie.201409530

Atomic-scale characterization of tin-based intermetallic anodes
journal, April 2009


Micron-sized, carbon-coated Li4Ti5O12 as high power anode material for advanced lithium batteries
journal, September 2011


Simple Synthesis of Nanostructured Sn/Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Composite Using Nitrilotriacetic Acid as Lithium Ion Battery Anode
journal, February 2016


Self-Assembled Cu–Sn–S Nanotubes with High (De)Lithiation Performance
journal, September 2017


Folding Graphene Film Yields High Areal Energy Storage in Lithium-Ion Batteries
journal, January 2018


Alloy Negative Electrodes for Li-Ion Batteries
journal, October 2014

  • Obrovac, M. N.; Chevrier, V. L.
  • Chemical Reviews, Vol. 114, Issue 23
  • DOI: 10.1021/cr500207g

Monodisperse and Inorganically Capped Sn and Sn/SnO 2 Nanocrystals for High-Performance Li-Ion Battery Anodes
journal, March 2013

  • Kravchyk, Kostiantyn; Protesescu, Loredana; Bodnarchuk, Maryna I.
  • Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 135, Issue 11
  • DOI: 10.1021/ja312604r

High Capacity Li Ion Battery Anodes Using Ge Nanowires
journal, January 2008

  • Chan, Candace K.; Zhang, Xiao Feng; Cui, Yi
  • Nano Letters, Vol. 8, Issue 1, p. 307-309
  • DOI: 10.1021/nl0727157

Facile Synthesis of Free-Standing Silicon Membranes with Three-Dimensional Nanoarchitecture for Anodes of Lithium Ion Batteries
journal, June 2013

  • Xia, Fan; Kim, Seong Been; Cheng, Huanyu
  • Nano Letters, Vol. 13, Issue 7
  • DOI: 10.1021/nl401629q

Ultrasmall Sn Nanoparticles Embedded in Nitrogen-Doped Porous Carbon As High-Performance Anode for Lithium-Ion Batteries
journal, December 2013

  • Zhu, Zhiqiang; Wang, Shiwen; Du, Jing
  • Nano Letters, Vol. 14, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1021/nl403631h

Sn@CNT Nanostructures Rooted in Graphene with High and Fast Li-Storage Capacities
journal, September 2011


Phase Evolution of Tin Nanocrystals in Lithium Ion Batteries
journal, November 2013

  • Im, Hyung Soon; Cho, Yong Jae; Lim, Young Rok
  • ACS Nano, Vol. 7, Issue 12
  • DOI: 10.1021/nn404837d

Anodes for Sodium Ion Batteries Based on Tin–Germanium–Antimony Alloys
journal, April 2014

  • Farbod, Behdokht; Cui, Kai; Kalisvaart, W. Peter
  • ACS Nano, Vol. 8, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.1021/nn4063598

Issues and challenges facing rechargeable lithium batteries
journal, November 2001

  • Tarascon, J.-M.; Armand, M.
  • Nature, Vol. 414, Issue 6861, p. 359-367
  • DOI: 10.1038/35104644

Stable Li-ion battery anodes by in-situ polymerization of conducting hydrogel to conformally coat silicon nanoparticles
journal, June 2013

  • Wu, Hui; Yu, Guihua; Pan, Lijia
  • Nature Communications, Vol. 4, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2941

Scalable synthesis of silicon-nanolayer-embedded graphite for high-energy lithium-ion batteries
journal, August 2016


Nanostructured materials for advanced energy conversion and storage devices
journal, May 2005

  • Aricò, Antonino Salvatore; Bruce, Peter; Scrosati, Bruno
  • Nature Materials, Vol. 4, Issue 5, p. 366-377
  • DOI: 10.1038/nmat1368

Materials for electrochemical capacitors
journal, November 2008

  • Simon, Patrice; Gogotsi, Yury
  • Nature Materials, Vol. 7, Issue 11
  • DOI: 10.1038/nmat2297

High-performance lithium-ion anodes using a hierarchical bottom-up approach
journal, March 2010

  • Magasinski, A.; Dixon, P.; Hertzberg, B.
  • Nature Materials, Vol. 9, Issue 4, p. 353-358
  • DOI: 10.1038/nmat2725

Fast-charging high-energy lithium-ion batteries via implantation of amorphous silicon nanolayer in edge-plane activated graphite anodes
journal, October 2017


Graphene balls for lithium rechargeable batteries with fast charging and high volumetric energy densities
journal, November 2017


Caging tin oxide in three-dimensional graphene networks for superior volumetric lithium storage
journal, January 2018


Multilayer nanoassembly of Sn-nanopillar arrays sandwiched between graphene layers for high-capacity lithium storage
journal, January 2011

  • Ji, Liwen; Tan, Zhongkui; Kuykendall, Tevye
  • Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 4, Issue 9
  • DOI: 10.1039/c1ee01592c

Carbon-coated nano-sized Li4Ti5O12 nanoporous micro-sphere as anode material for high-rate lithium-ion batteries
journal, January 2011

  • Zhu, Guan-Nan; Liu, Hai-Jing; Zhuang, Ji-Hua
  • Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 4, Issue 10
  • DOI: 10.1039/c1ee01680f

SnS2@reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites as anode materials with high capacity for rechargeable lithium ion batteries
journal, January 2012

  • Yin, Jiefu; Cao, Huaqiang; Zhou, Zhongfu
  • Journal of Materials Chemistry, Vol. 22, Issue 45
  • DOI: 10.1039/c2jm35137d

True Performance Metrics in Electrochemical Energy Storage
journal, November 2011


Determination of the Lithium Ion Diffusion Coefficient in Graphite
journal, January 1999

  • Yu, Ping
  • Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 146, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1149/1.1391556

Anomalous, High-Voltage Irreversible Capacity in Tin Electrodes for Lithium Batteries
journal, January 2003

  • Beattie, S. D.; Hatchard, T.; Bonakdarpour, A.
  • Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 150, Issue 6
  • DOI: 10.1149/1.1569477

Reversible Insertion of Sodium in Tin
journal, January 2012

  • Ellis, L. D.; Hatchard, T. D.; Obrovac, M. N.
  • Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 159, Issue 11
  • DOI: 10.1149/2.037211jes

Investigation of the Influence of Nanostructured LiNi 0.33 Co 0.33 Mn 0.33 O 2 Lithium-Ion Battery Electrodes on Performance and Aging
journal, January 2018

  • Dreizler, Andreas M.; Bohn, Nicole; Geßwein, Holger
  • Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 165, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1149/2.1061802jes