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Title: Rational and Evolutionary Engineering Approaches Uncover a Small Set of Genetic Changes Efficient for Rapid Xylose Fermentation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Abstract

Economic bioconversion of plant cell wall hydrolysates into fuels and chemicals has been hampered mainly due to the inability of microorganisms to efficiently co-ferment pentose and hexose sugars, especially glucose and xylose, which are the most abundant sugars in cellulosic hydrolysates. Saccharomyces cerevisiae cannot metabolize xylose due to a lack of xylose-metabolizing enzymes. We developed a rapid and efficient xylose-fermenting S. cerevisiae through rational and inverse metabolic engineering strategies, comprising the optimization of a heterologous xylose-assimilating pathway and evolutionary engineering. Strong and balanced expression levels of the XYL1, XYL2, and XYL3 genes constituting the xyloseassimilating pathway increased ethanol yields and the xylose consumption rates from a mixture of glucose and xylose with little xylitol accumulation. The engineered strain, however, still exhibited a long lag time when metabolizing xylose above 10 g/l as a sole carbon source, defined here as xylose toxicity. Through serial-subcultures on xylose, we isolated evolved strains which exhibited a shorter lag time and improved xylose-fermenting capabilities than the parental strain. Genome sequencing of the evolved strains revealed that mutations in PHO13 causing loss of the Pho13p function are associated with the improved phenotypes of the evolved strains. Crude extracts of a PHO13-overexpressing strain showed a higher phosphatasemore » activity on xylulose-5-phosphate (X-5-P), suggesting that the dephosphorylation of X-5-P by Pho13p might generate a futile cycle with xylulokinase overexpression. While xylose consumption rates by the evolved strains improved substantially as compared to the parental strain, xylose metabolism was interrupted by accumulated acetate. Deletion of ALD6 coding for acetaldehyde dehydrogenase not only prevented acetate accumulation, but also enabled complete and efficient fermentation of xylose as well as a mixture of glucose and xylose by the evolved strain. These findings provide direct guidance for developing industrial strains to produce cellulosic fuels and chemicals« less

Authors:
 [1];  [2];  [1];  [3];  [1];  [2];  [1]
  1. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL (United States)
  2. University of California, Berkeley, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
  3. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL (United States)=
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER); Energy Biosciences Institute
OSTI Identifier:
1627587
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC02-05CH11231
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
PLoS ONE
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 8; Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 1932-6203
Publisher:
Public Library of Science
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES; xylose; saccharomyces cerevisiae; fermentation; ethanol; genetic engineering; glucose; genomics; single nucleotide polymorphisms

Citation Formats

Kim, Soo Rin, Skerker, Jeffrey M., Kang, Wei, Lesmana, Anastashia, Wei, Na, Arkin, Adam P., and Jin, Yong-Su. Rational and Evolutionary Engineering Approaches Uncover a Small Set of Genetic Changes Efficient for Rapid Xylose Fermentation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. United States: N. p., 2013. Web. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0057048.
Kim, Soo Rin, Skerker, Jeffrey M., Kang, Wei, Lesmana, Anastashia, Wei, Na, Arkin, Adam P., & Jin, Yong-Su. Rational and Evolutionary Engineering Approaches Uncover a Small Set of Genetic Changes Efficient for Rapid Xylose Fermentation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. United States. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0057048
Kim, Soo Rin, Skerker, Jeffrey M., Kang, Wei, Lesmana, Anastashia, Wei, Na, Arkin, Adam P., and Jin, Yong-Su. Tue . "Rational and Evolutionary Engineering Approaches Uncover a Small Set of Genetic Changes Efficient for Rapid Xylose Fermentation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae". United States. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0057048. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1627587.
@article{osti_1627587,
title = {Rational and Evolutionary Engineering Approaches Uncover a Small Set of Genetic Changes Efficient for Rapid Xylose Fermentation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae},
author = {Kim, Soo Rin and Skerker, Jeffrey M. and Kang, Wei and Lesmana, Anastashia and Wei, Na and Arkin, Adam P. and Jin, Yong-Su},
abstractNote = {Economic bioconversion of plant cell wall hydrolysates into fuels and chemicals has been hampered mainly due to the inability of microorganisms to efficiently co-ferment pentose and hexose sugars, especially glucose and xylose, which are the most abundant sugars in cellulosic hydrolysates. Saccharomyces cerevisiae cannot metabolize xylose due to a lack of xylose-metabolizing enzymes. We developed a rapid and efficient xylose-fermenting S. cerevisiae through rational and inverse metabolic engineering strategies, comprising the optimization of a heterologous xylose-assimilating pathway and evolutionary engineering. Strong and balanced expression levels of the XYL1, XYL2, and XYL3 genes constituting the xyloseassimilating pathway increased ethanol yields and the xylose consumption rates from a mixture of glucose and xylose with little xylitol accumulation. The engineered strain, however, still exhibited a long lag time when metabolizing xylose above 10 g/l as a sole carbon source, defined here as xylose toxicity. Through serial-subcultures on xylose, we isolated evolved strains which exhibited a shorter lag time and improved xylose-fermenting capabilities than the parental strain. Genome sequencing of the evolved strains revealed that mutations in PHO13 causing loss of the Pho13p function are associated with the improved phenotypes of the evolved strains. Crude extracts of a PHO13-overexpressing strain showed a higher phosphatase activity on xylulose-5-phosphate (X-5-P), suggesting that the dephosphorylation of X-5-P by Pho13p might generate a futile cycle with xylulokinase overexpression. While xylose consumption rates by the evolved strains improved substantially as compared to the parental strain, xylose metabolism was interrupted by accumulated acetate. Deletion of ALD6 coding for acetaldehyde dehydrogenase not only prevented acetate accumulation, but also enabled complete and efficient fermentation of xylose as well as a mixture of glucose and xylose by the evolved strain. These findings provide direct guidance for developing industrial strains to produce cellulosic fuels and chemicals},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0057048},
journal = {PLoS ONE},
number = 2,
volume = 8,
place = {United States},
year = {Tue Feb 26 00:00:00 EST 2013},
month = {Tue Feb 26 00:00:00 EST 2013}
}

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Combinatorial metabolic engineering using an orthogonal tri-functional CRISPR system
journal, November 2017


PKA and HOG signaling contribute separable roles to anaerobic xylose fermentation in yeast engineered for biofuel production
posted_content, February 2019

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  • PLOS ONE
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Functional Diversity of Haloacid Dehalogenase Superfamily Phosphatases from Saccharomyces cerevisiae: BIOCHEMICAL, STRUCTURAL, AND EVOLUTIONARY INSIGHTS
journal, June 2015

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Engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae for lignocellulosic valorization: a review and perspectives on bioethanol production
journal, January 2020


Systematic improvement of isobutanol production from d-xylose in engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae
journal, October 2019


Xylose assimilation enhances the production of isobutanol in engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae
journal, November 2019

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Leveraging transcription factors to speed cellobiose fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae
journal, August 2014

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PKA and HOG signaling contribute separable roles to anaerobic xylose fermentation in yeast engineered for biofuel production
journal, May 2019


Engineered CRISPR/Cas9 system for multiplex genome engineering of polyploid industrial yeast strains
journal, March 2018

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Sustainable conversion of coffee and other crop wastes to biofuels and bioproducts using coupled biochemical and thermochemical processes in a multi-stage biorefinery concept
journal, September 2014

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Disruption of PHO13 improves ethanol production via the xylose isomerase pathway
journal, January 2016


Glucose repression can be alleviated by reducing glucose phosphorylation rate in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
journal, February 2018


RNAi assisted genome evolution unveils yeast mutants with improved xylose utilization
journal, March 2018

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Absence of Rtt109p, a fungal-specific histone acetyltransferase, results in improved acetic acid tolerance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
journal, February 2016

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Production of fuels and chemicals from xylose by engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae: a review and perspective
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Structure-based directed evolution improves S. cerevisiae growth on xylose by influencing in vivo enzyme performance
journal, January 2020

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Condition-specific promoter activities in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
journal, April 2018


Xylose utilization stimulates mitochondrial production of isobutanol and 2-methyl-1-butanol in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
journal, September 2019


Condition-specific promoter activities in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
journal, April 2018


Synthetic Biology Applied to Carbon Conservative and Carbon Dioxide Recycling Pathways
journal, January 2020

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Lactic Acid Production from a Whole Slurry of Acid-Pretreated Spent Coffee Grounds by Engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae
journal, April 2019

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Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains for second-generation ethanol production: from academic exploration to industrial implementation
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Systematic improvement of isobutanol production from d-xylose in engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae
journal, October 2019


Engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the efficient co-utilization of glucose and xylose
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Advancing Metabolic Engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Using the CRISPR/Cas System
journal, April 2018

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Comparative global metabolite profiling of xylose-fermenting Saccharomyces cerevisiae SR8 and Scheffersomyces stipitis
journal, April 2019

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PKA and HOG signaling contribute separable roles to anaerobic xylose fermentation in yeast engineered for biofuel production
journal, May 2019


Construction of advanced producers of first- and second-generation ethanol in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and selected species of non-conventional yeasts (Scheffersomyces stipitis, Ogataea polymorpha)
journal, October 2019

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Disruption of PHO13 improves ethanol production via the xylose isomerase pathway
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Cellobionic acid utilization: from Neurospora crassa to Saccharomyces cerevisiae
journal, August 2015


Rapid and marker-free refactoring of xylose-fermenting yeast strains with Cas9/CRISPR: Rapid and Marker-Free Cas9/CRISPR Refactoring
journal, June 2015

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Production of fuels and chemicals from xylose by engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae: a review and perspective
journal, May 2017


Gene Amplification on Demand Accelerates Cellobiose Utilization in Engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae
journal, April 2016

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Systematic and evolutionary engineering of a xylose isomerase-based pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae for efficient conversion yields
journal, August 2014


Xylose utilization stimulates mitochondrial production of isobutanol and 2-methyl-1-butanol in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
journal, September 2019