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Title: Phylogeny-corrected identification of microbial gene families relevant to human gut colonization

Abstract

The mechanisms by which different microbes colonize the healthy human gut versus other body sites, the gut in disease states, or other environments remain largely unknown. Identifying microbial genes influencing fitness in the gut could lead to new ways to engineer probiotics or disrupt pathogenesis. We approach this problem by measuring the statistical association between a species having a gene and the probability that the species is present in the gut microbiome. The challenge is that closely related species tend to be jointly present or absent in the microbiome and also share many genes, only a subset of which are involved in gut adaptation. We show that this phylogenetic correlation indeed leads to many false discoveries and propose phylogenetic linear regression as a powerful solution. To apply this method across the bacterial tree of life, where most species have not been experimentally phenotyped, we use metagenomes from hundreds of people to quantify each species’ prevalence in and specificity for the gut microbiome. This analysis reveals thousands of genes potentially involved in adaptation to the gut across species, including many novel candidates as well as processes known to contribute to fitness of gut bacteria, such as acid tolerance in Bacteroidetes andmore » sporulation in Firmicutes. We also find microbial genes associated with a preference for the gut over other body sites, which are significantly enriched for genes linked to fitness in an in vivo competition experiment. Finally, we identify gene families associated with higher prevalence in patients with Crohn’s disease, including Proteobacterial genes involved in conjugation and fimbria regulation, processes previously linked to inflammation. These gene targets may represent new avenues for modulating host colonization and disease. Our strategy of combining metagenomics with phylogenetic modeling is general and can be used to identify genes associated with adaptation to any environment.« less

Authors:
ORCiD logo [1];  [2];  [3]
  1. Gladstone Inst. of Data Science and Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA (United States)
  2. Gladstone Inst. of Data Science and Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Joint BioEnergy Institute and Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division
  3. Gladstone Inst. of Data Science and Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA (United States); Univ. of California, San Francisco, CA (United States). Quantitative Biology Inst. and Inst. for Computational Health Sciences. Inst. for Human Genetics. Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Chan-Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC)
OSTI Identifier:
1627256
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC02-05CH11231
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
PLoS Computational Biology (Online)
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Name: PLoS Computational Biology (Online); Journal Volume: 14; Journal Issue: 8; Journal ID: ISSN 1553-7358
Publisher:
Public Library of Science
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology

Citation Formats

Bradley, Patrick H., Nayfach, Stephen, and Pollard, Katherine S. Phylogeny-corrected identification of microbial gene families relevant to human gut colonization. United States: N. p., 2018. Web. doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006242.
Bradley, Patrick H., Nayfach, Stephen, & Pollard, Katherine S. Phylogeny-corrected identification of microbial gene families relevant to human gut colonization. United States. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006242
Bradley, Patrick H., Nayfach, Stephen, and Pollard, Katherine S. Thu . "Phylogeny-corrected identification of microbial gene families relevant to human gut colonization". United States. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006242. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1627256.
@article{osti_1627256,
title = {Phylogeny-corrected identification of microbial gene families relevant to human gut colonization},
author = {Bradley, Patrick H. and Nayfach, Stephen and Pollard, Katherine S.},
abstractNote = {The mechanisms by which different microbes colonize the healthy human gut versus other body sites, the gut in disease states, or other environments remain largely unknown. Identifying microbial genes influencing fitness in the gut could lead to new ways to engineer probiotics or disrupt pathogenesis. We approach this problem by measuring the statistical association between a species having a gene and the probability that the species is present in the gut microbiome. The challenge is that closely related species tend to be jointly present or absent in the microbiome and also share many genes, only a subset of which are involved in gut adaptation. We show that this phylogenetic correlation indeed leads to many false discoveries and propose phylogenetic linear regression as a powerful solution. To apply this method across the bacterial tree of life, where most species have not been experimentally phenotyped, we use metagenomes from hundreds of people to quantify each species’ prevalence in and specificity for the gut microbiome. This analysis reveals thousands of genes potentially involved in adaptation to the gut across species, including many novel candidates as well as processes known to contribute to fitness of gut bacteria, such as acid tolerance in Bacteroidetes and sporulation in Firmicutes. We also find microbial genes associated with a preference for the gut over other body sites, which are significantly enriched for genes linked to fitness in an in vivo competition experiment. Finally, we identify gene families associated with higher prevalence in patients with Crohn’s disease, including Proteobacterial genes involved in conjugation and fimbria regulation, processes previously linked to inflammation. These gene targets may represent new avenues for modulating host colonization and disease. Our strategy of combining metagenomics with phylogenetic modeling is general and can be used to identify genes associated with adaptation to any environment.},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006242},
journal = {PLoS Computational Biology (Online)},
number = 8,
volume = 14,
place = {United States},
year = {Thu Aug 09 00:00:00 EDT 2018},
month = {Thu Aug 09 00:00:00 EDT 2018}
}

Journal Article:
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record

Figures / Tables:

Fig 1 Fig 1: Failing to account for tree structure results in an elevated false positive rate. Continuous phenotypes and binary genotypes were simulated across the trees for the four phyla under consideration. A-D show results for the null of no true phenotype-genotype correlation. A-B) Histogram of $p$-values for simulated phenotypes andmore » genotypes on the Bacteroidetes tree, using (A) phylogenetic or (B) standard linear models. The phylogenetic model distribution was similar to a uniform distribution, while the standard model was very anticonservative, having an excess of small $p$-« less

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Works referencing / citing this record:

New insights from uncultivated genomes of the global human gut microbiome
journal, March 2019


Evolutionary dynamics of bacteria in the gut microbiome within and across hosts
journal, January 2019


Computational Structural Biology: Successes, Future Directions, and Challenges
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Methods for phylogenetic analysis of microbiome data
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phylogenize: correcting for phylogeny reveals genes associated with microbial distributions
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New insights from uncultivated genomes of the global human gut microbiome
journal, March 2019


The Glutaminase-Dependent Acid Resistance System: Qualitative and Quantitative Assays and Analysis of Its Distribution in Enteric Bacteria
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  • Pennacchietti, Eugenia; D'Alonzo, Chiara; Freddi, Luca
  • Frontiers in Microbiology, Vol. 9
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Computational Structural Biology: Successes, Future Directions, and Challenges
journal, February 2019


Figures/Tables have been extracted from DOE-funded journal article accepted manuscripts.