An experimental limit on the charge of antihydrogen

Amole, C.; Ashkezari, M. D.; Baquero-Ruiz, M.; Bertsche, W.; Butler, E.; Capra, A.; Cesar, C. L.; Charlton, M.; Eriksson, S.; Fajans, J.; Friesen, T.; Fujiwara, M. C.; Gill, D. R.; Gutierrez, A.; Hangst, J. S.; Hardy, W. N.; Hayden, M. E.; Isaac, C. A.; Jonsell, S.; Kurchaninov, L.; Little, A.; Madsen, N.; McKenna, J. T.  K.; Menary, S.; Napoli, S. C.; Nolan, P.; Olchanski, K.; Olin, A.; Povilus, A.; Pusa, P.; Rasmussen, C. Ø.; Robicheaux, F.; Sarid, E.; Silveira, D. M.; So, C.; Tharp, T. D.; Thompson, R. I.; van der Werf, D. P.; Vendeiro, Z.; Wurtele, J. S.; Zhmoginov, A. I.; Charman, A. E.

doi:10.1038/ncomms4955

Title: An experimental limit on the charge of antihydrogen

Abstract

The properties of antihydrogen are expected to be identical to those of hydrogen, and any differences would constitute a profound challenge to the fundamental theories of physics. The most commonly discussed antiatom-based tests of these theories are searches for antihydrogen-hydrogen spectral differences (tests of CPT (charge-parity-time) invariance) or gravitational differences (tests of the weak equivalence principle). Here we, the ALPHA Collaboration, report a different and somewhat unusual test of CPT and of quantum anomaly cancellation. A retrospective analysis of the influence of electric fields on antihydrogen atoms released from the ALPHA trap finds a mean axial deflection of 4.1±3.4 mm for an average axial electric field of 0.51 V mm^–1. Combined with extensive numerical modelling, this measurement leads to a bound on the charge Qe of antihydrogen of Q=(–1.3±1.1±0.4) × 10^–8. Here, e is the unit charge, and the errors are from statistics and systematic effects.

Authors:

Amole, C. ^[1]; Ashkezari, M. D. ^[2]; Baquero-Ruiz, M. ^[3]; Bertsche, W. ^[4]; Butler, E. ^[5]; Capra, A. ^[1]; Cesar, C. L. ^[6]; Charlton, M. ^[7]; Eriksson, S. ^[7]; Fajans, J. ^[8]; Friesen, T. ^[9]; Fujiwara, M. C. ^[10]; Gill, D. R. ^[10]; Gutierrez, A. ^[11]; Hangst, J. S. ^[12]; Hardy, W. N. ^[13]; Hayden, M. E. ^[2]; Isaac, C. A. ^[7]; Jonsell, S. ^[14]; Kurchaninov, L. ^[10] more »

York Univ., Toronto, ON (Canada). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy
Simon Fraser Univ., Burnaby, BC (Canada). Dept. of Physics
Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States). Dept. of Physics
Univ. of Manchester (United Kingdom). School of Physics and Astronomy; The Cockcroft Inst., Warrington (United Kingdom). Daresbury Lab.
Imperial College, London (United Kingdom). Centre for Cold Matter; European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva (Switzerland). Physics Dept.
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro (Brazil). Instituto de Fısica
Swansea Univ. (United Kingdom). College of Science, Dept. of Physics
Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States). Dept. of Physics; Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Univ. of Calgary, AB (Canada). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy
TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC (Canada)
Univ. of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (Canada). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy
Centre for Cold Matter; European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva (Switzerland). Physics Dept.; Aarhus Univ. (Denmark). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy
Univ. of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (Canada). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy; Canadian Inst. of Advanced Research, Toronto, ON (Canada)
Stockholm Univ. (Sweden). Dept. of Physics
Univ. of Liverpool (United Kingdom). Dept. of Physics
Aarhus Univ. (Denmark). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy
Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN (United States). Dept. of Physics
NRCN-Nuclear Research Center Negev, Beer Sheva IL-(Israel). Dept. of Physics

Publication Date:: Tue Jun 03 00:00:00 EDT 2014

Research Org.:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC); USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program; National Science Foundation (NSF)

OSTI Identifier:: 1623940

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Nature Communications

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 5; Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 2041-1723

Publisher:: Nature Publishing Group

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSICS; 79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Atomic and molecular physics; Experimental particle physics

Citation Formats


                    Amole, C., Ashkezari, M. D., Baquero-Ruiz, M., Bertsche, W., Butler, E., Capra, A., Cesar, C. L., Charlton, M., Eriksson, S., Fajans, J., Friesen, T., Fujiwara, M. C., Gill, D. R., Gutierrez, A., Hangst, J. S., Hardy, W. N., Hayden, M. E., Isaac, C. A., Jonsell, S., Kurchaninov, L., Little, A., Madsen, N., McKenna, J. T.  K., Menary, S., Napoli, S. C., Nolan, P., Olchanski, K., Olin, A., Povilus, A., Pusa, P., Rasmussen, C. Ø., Robicheaux, F., Sarid, E., Silveira, D. M., So, C., Tharp, T. D., Thompson, R. I., van der Werf, D. P., Vendeiro, Z., Wurtele, J. S., Zhmoginov, A. I., and Charman, A. E. An experimental limit on the charge of antihydrogen.  United States: N. p., 2014. 
Web.  doi:10.1038/ncomms4955.

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                    Amole, C., Ashkezari, M. D., Baquero-Ruiz, M., Bertsche, W., Butler, E., Capra, A., Cesar, C. L., Charlton, M., Eriksson, S., Fajans, J., Friesen, T., Fujiwara, M. C., Gill, D. R., Gutierrez, A., Hangst, J. S., Hardy, W. N., Hayden, M. E., Isaac, C. A., Jonsell, S., Kurchaninov, L., Little, A., Madsen, N., McKenna, J. T.  K., Menary, S., Napoli, S. C., Nolan, P., Olchanski, K., Olin, A., Povilus, A., Pusa, P., Rasmussen, C. Ø., Robicheaux, F., Sarid, E., Silveira, D. M., So, C., Tharp, T. D., Thompson, R. I., van der Werf, D. P., Vendeiro, Z., Wurtele, J. S., Zhmoginov, A. I., & Charman, A. E. An experimental limit on the charge of antihydrogen.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms4955

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                    Amole, C., Ashkezari, M. D., Baquero-Ruiz, M., Bertsche, W., Butler, E., Capra, A., Cesar, C. L., Charlton, M., Eriksson, S., Fajans, J., Friesen, T., Fujiwara, M. C., Gill, D. R., Gutierrez, A., Hangst, J. S., Hardy, W. N., Hayden, M. E., Isaac, C. A., Jonsell, S., Kurchaninov, L., Little, A., Madsen, N., McKenna, J. T.  K., Menary, S., Napoli, S. C., Nolan, P., Olchanski, K., Olin, A., Povilus, A., Pusa, P., Rasmussen, C. Ø., Robicheaux, F., Sarid, E., Silveira, D. M., So, C., Tharp, T. D., Thompson, R. I., van der Werf, D. P., Vendeiro, Z., Wurtele, J. S., Zhmoginov, A. I., and Charman, A. E. Tue .  
"An experimental limit on the charge of antihydrogen".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms4955.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1623940.

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@article{osti_1623940,

  title        = {An experimental limit on the charge of antihydrogen},

  author       = {Amole, C. and Ashkezari, M. D. and Baquero-Ruiz, M. and Bertsche, W. and Butler, E. and Capra, A. and Cesar, C. L. and Charlton, M. and Eriksson, S. and Fajans, J. and Friesen, T. and Fujiwara, M. C. and Gill, D. R. and Gutierrez, A. and Hangst, J. S. and Hardy, W. N. and Hayden, M. E. and Isaac, C. A. and Jonsell, S. and Kurchaninov, L. and Little, A. and Madsen, N. and McKenna, J. T.  K. and Menary, S. and Napoli, S. C. and Nolan, P. and Olchanski, K. and Olin, A. and Povilus, A. and Pusa, P. and Rasmussen, C. Ø. and Robicheaux, F. and Sarid, E. and Silveira, D. M. and So, C. and Tharp, T. D. and Thompson, R. I. and van der Werf, D. P. and Vendeiro, Z. and Wurtele, J. S. and Zhmoginov, A. I. and Charman, A. E.},

  abstractNote = {The properties of antihydrogen are expected to be identical to those of hydrogen, and any differences would constitute a profound challenge to the fundamental theories of physics. The most commonly discussed antiatom-based tests of these theories are searches for antihydrogen-hydrogen spectral differences (tests of CPT (charge-parity-time) invariance) or gravitational differences (tests of the weak equivalence principle). Here we, the ALPHA Collaboration, report a different and somewhat unusual test of CPT and of quantum anomaly cancellation. A retrospective analysis of the influence of electric fields on antihydrogen atoms released from the ALPHA trap finds a mean axial deflection of 4.1±3.4 mm for an average axial electric field of 0.51 V mm–1. Combined with extensive numerical modelling, this measurement leads to a bound on the charge Qe of antihydrogen of Q=(–1.3±1.1±0.4) × 10–8. Here, e is the unit charge, and the errors are from statistics and systematic effects.},

  doi          = {10.1038/ncomms4955},

  journal      = {Nature Communications},

  number       = 1,

  volume       = 5,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Tue Jun 03 00:00:00 EDT 2014},

  month        = {Tue Jun 03 00:00:00 EDT 2014}

}

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Measurement of the 1 s − 2 s Energy Interval in Muonium journal, February 2000

Review of Particle Physics journal, July 2012

Measurement of the positronium 1 3 S 1 –2 3 S 1 interval by continuous-wave two-photon excitation journal, July 1993

Progress towards microwave spectroscopy of trapped antihydrogen journal, November 2011

Two-photon laser spectroscopy of antiprotonic helium and the antiproton-to-electron mass ratio journal, July 2011

Description and first application of a new technique to measure the gravitational mass of antihydrogen journal, April 2013

Antimatter journal, May 1997

Cooling Neutral Atoms in a Magnetic Trap for Precision Spectroscopy journal, October 1983

Production of antihydrogen at reduced magnetic field for anti-atom trapping journal, December 2007

Production of antihydrogen journal, February 1996

Testing the neutrality of matter by acoustic means in a spherical resonator journal, May 2011

In situ electromagnetic field diagnostics with an electron plasma in a Penning–Malmberg trap journal, January 2014

Trapped antihydrogen journal, November 2010

Antimatter Interferometry for Gravity Measurements journal, March 2014

Precision Mass Spectroscopy of the Antiproton and Proton Using Simultaneously Trapped Particles journal, April 1999

Production and detection of cold antihydrogen atoms journal, September 2002

Background-Free Observation of Cold Antihydrogen with Field-Ionization Analysis of Its States journal, October 2002

The ALPHA antihydrogen trapping apparatus journal, January 2014

Discriminating between antihydrogen and mirror-trapped antiprotons in a minimum-B trap journal, January 2012

Antihydrogen annihilation reconstruction with the ALPHA silicon detector journal, August 2012

Resonant quantum transitions in trapped antihydrogen atoms journal, March 2012

Macroscopic variations of surface potentials of conductors journal, May 1991

Electric charges of positrons and antiprotons journal, July 1992

A proposal for laser cooling antihydrogen atoms journal, January 2013

Search for trapped antihydrogen journal, January 2011

Synthesis of Cold Antihydrogen in a Cusp Trap journal, December 2010

Experiments to determine the Force of Gravity on Single Electrons and Positrons journal, November 1968

A magnetic trap for antihydrogen confinement journal, October 2006

Nonlinear dynamics of anti-hydrogen in magnetostatic traps: implications for gravitational measurements journal, October 2013

Trapped antihydrogen journal, November 2010

Nonlinear dynamics of anti-hydrogen in magnetostatic traps: implications for gravitational measurements journal, October 2013

Autoresonant Excitation of Antiproton Plasmas journal, January 2011

Trapped Antihydrogen in Its Ground State journal, March 2012

Antimatter interferometry for gravity measurements text, January 2013

Precision measurement of the mass difference between light nuclei and anti-nuclei journal, August 2015

On the formation of trappable antihydrogen journal, April 2018

Observation of the 1S–2S transition in trapped antihydrogen journal, December 2016

Prospects for comparison of matter and antimatter gravitation with ALPHA-g journal, February 2018

Precision measurements on trapped antihydrogen in the ALPHA experiment journal, February 2018

Simulations of Majorana spin flips in an antihydrogen trap journal, July 2019

Physics with antihydrogen journal, October 2015

Advanced multiconfiguration methods for complex atoms: I. Energies and wave functions journal, September 2016

Axial to transverse energy mixing dynamics in octupole-based magnetostatic antihydrogen traps journal, May 2018

Formation of H ¯ + via radiative attachment of e + to H ¯ journal, January 2020

Search for new physics with atoms and molecules journal, June 2018

Precision measurement of the mass difference between light nuclei and anti-nuclei text, January 2015

Search for New Physics with Atoms and Molecules text, January 2017

Simulations of Majorana spin flips in an antihydrogen trap text, January 2019

Simulations of Majorana spin flips in an antihydrogen trap journal, July 2019

Prospects for comparison of matter and antimatter gravitation with ALPHA-g journal, February 2018

In-beam measurement of the hydrogen hyperfine splitting - towards antihydrogen spectroscopy text, January 2016

Proposed antimatter gravity measurement with an antihydrogen beam
journal, February 2008

Antihydrogen Physics at ALPHA/CERNThis paper was presented at the International Conference on Precision Physics of Simple Atomic Systems, held at University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada on 21–26 July 2008.
journal, July 2009

Determination of the Antiproton-to-Electron Mass Ratio by Precision Laser Spectroscopy of $\bar{p} {He}^{+}$
journal, June 2006

Measurement of the $1 s - 2 s$ Energy Interval in Muonium
journal, February 2000

Review of Particle Physics
journal, July 2012

Measurement of the positronium 1 ${}^{3}$ $S_{1}$ –2 ${}^{3}$ $S_{1}$ interval by continuous-wave two-photon excitation
journal, July 1993

Progress towards microwave spectroscopy of trapped antihydrogen
journal, November 2011

Two-photon laser spectroscopy of antiprotonic helium and the antiproton-to-electron mass ratio
journal, July 2011

Description and first application of a new technique to measure the gravitational mass of antihydrogen
journal, April 2013

Antimatter
journal, May 1997

Cooling Neutral Atoms in a Magnetic Trap for Precision Spectroscopy
journal, October 1983

Production of antihydrogen at reduced magnetic field for anti-atom trapping
journal, December 2007

Production of antihydrogen
journal, February 1996

Testing the neutrality of matter by acoustic means in a spherical resonator
journal, May 2011

In situ electromagnetic field diagnostics with an electron plasma in a Penning–Malmberg trap
journal, January 2014

Trapped antihydrogen
journal, November 2010

Antimatter Interferometry for Gravity Measurements
journal, March 2014

Precision Mass Spectroscopy of the Antiproton and Proton Using Simultaneously Trapped Particles
journal, April 1999

Production and detection of cold antihydrogen atoms
journal, September 2002

Background-Free Observation of Cold Antihydrogen with Field-Ionization Analysis of Its States
journal, October 2002

The ALPHA antihydrogen trapping apparatus
journal, January 2014

Discriminating between antihydrogen and mirror-trapped antiprotons in a minimum-B trap
journal, January 2012

Antihydrogen annihilation reconstruction with the ALPHA silicon detector
journal, August 2012

Resonant quantum transitions in trapped antihydrogen atoms
journal, March 2012

Macroscopic variations of surface potentials of conductors
journal, May 1991

Electric charges of positrons and antiprotons
journal, July 1992

A proposal for laser cooling antihydrogen atoms
journal, January 2013

Search for trapped antihydrogen
journal, January 2011

Synthesis of Cold Antihydrogen in a Cusp Trap
journal, December 2010

Experiments to determine the Force of Gravity on Single Electrons and Positrons
journal, November 1968

A magnetic trap for antihydrogen confinement
journal, October 2006

Nonlinear dynamics of anti-hydrogen in magnetostatic traps: implications for gravitational measurements
journal, October 2013

Trapped antihydrogen
journal, November 2010

Nonlinear dynamics of anti-hydrogen in magnetostatic traps: implications for gravitational measurements
journal, October 2013

Autoresonant Excitation of Antiproton Plasmas
journal, January 2011

Trapped Antihydrogen in Its Ground State
journal, March 2012

Antimatter interferometry for gravity measurements
text, January 2013

Precision measurement of the mass difference between light nuclei and anti-nuclei
journal, August 2015

On the formation of trappable antihydrogen
journal, April 2018

Observation of the 1S–2S transition in trapped antihydrogen
journal, December 2016

Prospects for comparison of matter and antimatter gravitation with ALPHA-g
journal, February 2018

Precision measurements on trapped antihydrogen in the ALPHA experiment
journal, February 2018

Simulations of Majorana spin flips in an antihydrogen trap
journal, July 2019

Physics with antihydrogen
journal, October 2015

Advanced multiconfiguration methods for complex atoms: I. Energies and wave functions
journal, September 2016

Axial to transverse energy mixing dynamics in octupole-based magnetostatic antihydrogen traps
journal, May 2018

Formation of ${\bar{H}}^{+}$ via radiative attachment of $e^{+}$ to $\bar{H}$
journal, January 2020

Search for new physics with atoms and molecules
journal, June 2018

Precision measurement of the mass difference between light nuclei and anti-nuclei
text, January 2015

Search for New Physics with Atoms and Molecules
text, January 2017

Simulations of Majorana spin flips in an antihydrogen trap
text, January 2019

Simulations of Majorana spin flips in an antihydrogen trap
journal, July 2019

Prospects for comparison of matter and antimatter gravitation with ALPHA-g
journal, February 2018

In-beam measurement of the hydrogen hyperfine splitting - towards antihydrogen spectroscopy
text, January 2016