Low-energy cross-section measurement of the  B10(α,n)N13 reaction and its impact on neutron production in first-generation stars

Liu, Q.; Febbraro, M.; deBoer, R. J.; Aguilar, S.; Boeltzig, A.; Chen, Y.; Couder, M.; Görres, J.; Lamere, E.; Lyons, S.; Macon, K. T.; Manukyan, K.; Morales, L.; Pain, S.; Peters, W. A.; Seymour, C.; Seymour, G.; Toomey, R.; Kolk, B. Vande; Weaver, J.; Wiescher, M.

doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.101.025808

Title: Low-energy cross-section measurement of the ${}^{10}B (α, n) {}^{13}N$ reaction and its impact on neutron production in first-generation stars

Abstract

Nucleosynthesis in the first generation of massive stars offers a unique setting to explore the creation of the first heavier nuclei in an environment free of impurities from earlier stellar generations. In later generations of massive stars, hydrogen burning occurs predominantly through the CNO cycles, but without the carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen to catalyze the reaction sequence, first stars would have to rely on the inefficient pp chains for their energy production. Observations of second and third generation stars show pronounced abundances of carbon and oxygen isotopes, which suggests a rapid conversion of the primordial abundances to heavier elements. While the triple-alpha-process primarily facilitates this conversion, there are alternative reaction sequences, such as ²H(α,γ)⁶Li(α,γ)¹⁰B(α,n)¹³N, that may play a significant role. To study such alternate reaction pathways for production of carbon and heavier nuclei, a number of new measurements are needed. In this work, new measurements are reported for the ¹⁰B(α,n)¹³N reaction, extending the cross section down to 575 keV incident α-particle energy. The measurements were made using a state-of-the-art deuterated liquid scintillator and a spectrum unfolding technique. An R-matrix analysis was performed in order to facilitate a comparison of the underlying nuclear structure with the reaction measurements. An unexpected upturnmore »« less

Authors:

Liu, Q. ^[1];

^[2]; deBoer, R. J. ^[1]; Aguilar, S. ^[1];

^[3];

^[1];

^[1]; Görres, J. ^[1]; Lamere, E. ^[4]; Lyons, S. ^[5]; Macon, K. T. ^[6];

^[1];

^[2]; Peters, W. A. ^[2]; Seymour, C. ^[1];

^[7]; Toomey, R. ^[8]; Kolk, B. Vande ^[1]; Weaver, J. ^[9] more »

Joint Inst. for Nuclear Astrophysics (JINA), Notre Dame, IN (United States)
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Joint Inst. for Nuclear Astrophysics (JINA), Notre Dame, IN (United States); Gran Sasso National Lab. (LNGS), Assergi (Italy)
Joint Inst. for Nuclear Astrophysics (JINA), Notre Dame, IN (United States); Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)
Joint Inst. for Nuclear Astrophysics (JINA), Notre Dame, IN (United States); Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI (United States)
Joint Inst. for Nuclear Astrophysics (JINA), Notre Dame, IN (United States); Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge, LA (United States)
Joint Inst. for Nuclear Astrophysics (JINA), Notre Dame, IN (United States); Rutgers Univ., Piscataway, NJ (United States)
Rutgers Univ., Piscataway, NJ (United States)
National Inst. of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD (United States)

Publication Date:: Wed Feb 26 00:00:00 EST 2020

Research Org.:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Rutgers Univ., Piscataway, NJ (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP); National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA), Office of Defense Programs (DP)

OSTI Identifier:: 1619007

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1601730; OSTI ID: 1755873

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725; Phys-1713857; Phys-0822648; PHY-1430152; NA0003897

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Physical Review. C

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 101; Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 2469-9985

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; evolution of the universe; H & He burning; H & He induced nuclear reactions; resonance reactions; s process; 73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS

Citation Formats


                    Liu, Q., Febbraro, M., deBoer, R. J., Aguilar, S., Boeltzig, A., Chen, Y., Couder, M., Görres, J., Lamere, E., Lyons, S., Macon, K. T., Manukyan, K., Morales, L., Pain, S., Peters, W. A., Seymour, C., Seymour, G., Toomey, R., Kolk, B. Vande, Weaver, J., and Wiescher, M. Low-energy cross-section measurement of the  B10(α,n)N13 reaction and its impact on neutron production in first-generation stars.  United States: N. p., 2020. 
Web.  doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.101.025808.

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                    Liu, Q., Febbraro, M., deBoer, R. J., Aguilar, S., Boeltzig, A., Chen, Y., Couder, M., Görres, J., Lamere, E., Lyons, S., Macon, K. T., Manukyan, K., Morales, L., Pain, S., Peters, W. A., Seymour, C., Seymour, G., Toomey, R., Kolk, B. Vande, Weaver, J., & Wiescher, M. Low-energy cross-section measurement of the  B10(α,n)N13 reaction and its impact on neutron production in first-generation stars.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.101.025808

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                    Liu, Q., Febbraro, M., deBoer, R. J., Aguilar, S., Boeltzig, A., Chen, Y., Couder, M., Görres, J., Lamere, E., Lyons, S., Macon, K. T., Manukyan, K., Morales, L., Pain, S., Peters, W. A., Seymour, C., Seymour, G., Toomey, R., Kolk, B. Vande, Weaver, J., and Wiescher, M. Wed .  
"Low-energy cross-section measurement of the  B10(α,n)N13 reaction and its impact on neutron production in first-generation stars".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.101.025808.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1619007.

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@article{osti_1619007,

  title        = {Low-energy cross-section measurement of the  B10(α,n)N13 reaction and its impact on neutron production in first-generation stars},

  author       = {Liu, Q. and Febbraro, M. and deBoer, R. J. and Aguilar, S. and Boeltzig, A. and Chen, Y. and Couder, M. and Görres, J. and Lamere, E. and Lyons, S. and Macon, K. T. and Manukyan, K. and Morales, L. and Pain, S. and Peters, W. A. and Seymour, C. and Seymour, G. and Toomey, R. and Kolk, B. Vande and Weaver, J. and Wiescher, M.},

  abstractNote = {Nucleosynthesis in the first generation of massive stars offers a unique setting to explore the creation of the first heavier nuclei in an environment free of impurities from earlier stellar generations. In later generations of massive stars, hydrogen burning occurs predominantly through the CNO cycles, but without the carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen to catalyze the reaction sequence, first stars would have to rely on the inefficient pp chains for their energy production. Observations of second and third generation stars show pronounced abundances of carbon and oxygen isotopes, which suggests a rapid conversion of the primordial abundances to heavier elements. While the triple-alpha-process primarily facilitates this conversion, there are alternative reaction sequences, such as 2H(α,γ)6Li(α,γ)10B(α,n)13N, that may play a significant role. To study such alternate reaction pathways for production of carbon and heavier nuclei, a number of new measurements are needed. In this work, new measurements are reported for the 10B(α,n)13N reaction, extending the cross section down to 575 keV incident α-particle energy. The measurements were made using a state-of-the-art deuterated liquid scintillator and a spectrum unfolding technique. An R-matrix analysis was performed in order to facilitate a comparison of the underlying nuclear structure with the reaction measurements. An unexpected upturn is observed in the low-energy S factor that indicates the presence of a new low-energy resonance. Finally, a revised reaction rate is determined that takes into account the present data as well as other previous measurements from the literature that were previously neglected.},

  doi          = {10.1103/PhysRevC.101.025808},

  journal      = {Physical Review. C},

  number       = 2,

  volume       = 101,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Wed Feb 26 00:00:00 EST 2020},

  month        = {Wed Feb 26 00:00:00 EST 2020}

}

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DOI: 10.1016/0375-9474(68)90688-X

Chapter I. Formation of the Viewpoint, Alpha-Like Four-Body Correlations and Molecular Aspects in Nuclei
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Ikeda, Kiyomi; Marumori, Toshio; Tamagaki, Ryozo
Progress of Theoretical Physics Supplement, Vol. 52
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Toward understanding the microscopic origin of nuclear clustering
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Thick-target measurements and astrophysical thermonuclear reaction rates: Alpha-induced reactions
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Roughton, N. A.; Intrator, T. P.; Peterson, R. J.
Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables, Vol. 28, Issue 2
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Endothermic Deuteron Stripping Reactions. II. $C^{12} (d, p_{3} γ) C^{13 *}$ Reaction
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Chase, L. F.; Johnson, R. G.; Warburton, E. K.
Physical Review, Vol. 120, Issue 6
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Cross sections for 170.5° backscattering of 4He by the isotopes of boron for 4He energies between 1.0 and 3.3 MeV
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McIntyre, L. C.; Leavitt, J. A.; Ashbaugh, M. D.
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, Vol. 64, Issue 1-4
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Reactions of 1 to 5 MeV deuterons on carbon
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Hodgson, P. E.; Wilmore, D.
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AZURE: An $R$ -matrix code for nuclear astrophysics
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Angular distributions of protons near resonance for the reaction 12C(d, pγ)13C obtained by shape studies of γ-ray lines
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Tryti, S.; Holtebekk, T.; Rekstad, J.
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Title: Low-energy cross-section measurement of the B 10 ( α , n ) N 13 reaction and its impact on neutron production in first-generation stars

Abstract

Citation Formats

Energy levels of light nuclei A = 5−10 journal, December 1988

Break-out reactions from the CNO cycles journal, January 1999

R-Matrix Theory of Nuclear Reactions journal, April 1958

Angular distributions of protons from the reaction 12C(d, pγ)13C obtained by shape studies of γ-ray lines journal, October 1975

Initial MCNP6 Release Overview journal, December 2012

The R -matrix theory journal, February 2010

Neutron Depth Profiling with the New NIST Cold Neutron Source journal, March 1997

Cross-sections of 10B(α, p)13C nuclear reaction for boron analysis journal, September 2003

Réactions (d, p) sur 11B, 12C, 14N et 16O à Ed ≦ 5.5 MeV journal, July 1966

The AME2016 atomic mass evaluation (II). Tables, graphs and references journal, March 2017

The AME2016 atomic mass evaluation (I). Evaluation of input data; and adjustment procedures journal, March 2017

An investigation of the reaction branching ratio journal, May 1966

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A Note on the 10 B( , p) 13 C Reaction journal, September 1953

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Overview of spectral unfolding techniques and uncertainty estimation journal, December 2010

N 15 ( p , d ) N 14 Reaction at 39.8 MeV journal, November 1969

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The ORNL Deuterated Spectroscopic Array — ODeSA journal, December 2019

Excited States in N 14 from the Elastic Scattering of Protons by C 13 journal, May 1961

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Deuterated-xylene (xylene-d10; EJ301D): A new, improved deuterated liquid scintillator for neutron energy measurements without time-of-flight journal, June 2016

SRIM – The stopping and range of ions in matter (2010) journal, June 2010

Excited states in N14 from C12+d reactions journal, May 1963

Analytical use of the multiple gamma-rays from the 12C(d,p)13C∗ nuclear reaction journal, November 1997

Differential cross sections of 12C(d, p1)13C and 10B(d, p)11B below Ed = 3.0 MeV journal, February 1967

Reaction C 12 ( d , n ) N 13 journal, December 1959

Angular distributions of the reaction12C(d,p)13C belowE d=2 MeV journal, June 1969

Underground nuclear astrophysics studies with CASPAR journal, January 2016

Energy levels of light nuclei A = 13–15 journal, August 1970

The C13(p, n)N13 reaction cross section from threshold to 13 MeV journal, May 1961

Use of the 27Al(p,γ)28Si, Ep = 992 keV resonance as a gamma-ray intensity standard journal, December 1977

Spectroscopy of 14N by use of the 12C(3He, p)14N reaction journal, September 1968

Analysis of C 12 + d Reactions journal, July 1958

Réactions (d, p) et études expérimentales de niveaux excités de quelques noyaux légers journal, January 1965

The hot proton-proton chains in low-metallicity objects journal, August 1989

A Measurement of the 27 Al ( d, n ) Spectrum for Use in Neutron Detector Calibration journal, June 1998

The NIST Cold Neutron Research Facility journal, January 1993

The reaction 12C(d, n0)13N and 12C(d, p0)13C at deuteron energies from 2.7 to 3.2 MeV journal, June 1966

Differential cross section measurements of the 12C(d,p1,2,3)13C reactions in the energy range Ed,lab=900–2000keV for nuclear reaction analysis journal, January 2007

12C(d, pγ)13C angular distributions and correlations near threshold journal, May 1966

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Near-Field Cosmology with Extremely Metal-Poor Stars journal, August 2015

C 12 ( d , n ) N 13 Total Cross Section from 1.2 to 4.5 MeV journal, May 1969

A DWBA analysis of 12C(d, pγ)13C with measured optical model parameters journal, January 1966

The Nucleosynthetic Signature of Population III journal, March 2002

XIII. Proton-gamma angular correlations and gamma-ray angular distributions in the 10 B( α , p γ ) 13 C reaction journal, April 1954

Algorithms for the analysis of -decay total absorption spectra journal, February 2007

Gamma-Ray Resonances in the Alpha-Particle Bombardment of Beryllium and Boron journal, April 1953

A detailed study of the natC(d,d0) reaction at detector angles between 145° and 170°, for the energy range Ed,lab=900–2000keV journal, August 2006

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Chapter I. Formation of the Viewpoint, Alpha-Like Four-Body Correlations and Molecular Aspects in Nuclei journal, January 1972

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Thick-target measurements and astrophysical thermonuclear reaction rates: Alpha-induced reactions journal, March 1983

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Cross sections for 170.5° backscattering of 4He by the isotopes of boron for 4He energies between 1.0 and 3.3 MeV journal, February 1992

Reactions of 1 to 5 MeV deuterons on carbon journal, February 1967

AZURE: An R -matrix code for nuclear astrophysics journal, April 2010

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Title: Low-energy cross-section measurement of the ${}^{10}B (α, n) {}^{13}N$ reaction and its impact on neutron production in first-generation stars

Energy levels of light nuclei A = 5−10
journal, December 1988

Break-out reactions from the CNO cycles
journal, January 1999

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journal, April 1958

Angular distributions of protons from the reaction 12C(d, pγ)13C obtained by shape studies of γ-ray lines
journal, October 1975

Initial MCNP6 Release Overview
journal, December 2012

The R -matrix theory
journal, February 2010

Neutron Depth Profiling with the New NIST Cold Neutron Source
journal, March 1997

Cross-sections of 10B(α, p)13C nuclear reaction for boron analysis
journal, September 2003

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journal, July 1966

The AME2016 atomic mass evaluation (II). Tables, graphs and references
journal, March 2017

The AME2016 atomic mass evaluation (I). Evaluation of input data; and adjustment procedures
journal, March 2017

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journal, May 1966

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journal, June 2014

The 10B(α, n) 13N13N∗ cross section for α-energies from 1.0 TO 5 MeV
journal, November 1973

A Note on the ¹⁰ B( , p) ¹³ C Reaction
journal, September 1953

Zustände in 14N und 13C aus der Reaktion 12C(d,p)^13C
text, January 1974

Overview of spectral unfolding techniques and uncertainty estimation
journal, December 2010

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journal, November 1969

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journal, August 2006

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journal, December 2019

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journal, May 1961

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journal, September 2019

Deuterated-xylene (xylene-d10; EJ301D): A new, improved deuterated liquid scintillator for neutron energy measurements without time-of-flight
journal, June 2016

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journal, June 2010

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journal, May 1963

Analytical use of the multiple gamma-rays from the 12C(d,p)13C∗ nuclear reaction
journal, November 1997

Differential cross sections of 12C(d, p1)13C and 10B(d, p)11B below Ed = 3.0 MeV
journal, February 1967

Reaction $C^{12} (d, n) N^{13}$
journal, December 1959

Angular distributions of the reaction12C(d,p)13C belowE d=2 MeV
journal, June 1969

Underground nuclear astrophysics studies with CASPAR
journal, January 2016

Energy levels of light nuclei A = 13–15
journal, August 1970

The C13(p, n)N13 reaction cross section from threshold to 13 MeV
journal, May 1961

Use of the 27Al(p,γ)28Si, Ep = 992 keV resonance as a gamma-ray intensity standard
journal, December 1977

Spectroscopy of 14N by use of the 12C(3He, p)14N reaction
journal, September 1968

Analysis of $C^{12}$ + $d$ Reactions
journal, July 1958

Réactions (d, p) et études expérimentales de niveaux excités de quelques noyaux légers
journal, January 1965

The hot proton-proton chains in low-metallicity objects
journal, August 1989

A Measurement of the ²⁷ Al ( d, n ) Spectrum for Use in Neutron Detector Calibration
journal, June 1998

The NIST Cold Neutron Research Facility
journal, January 1993

The reaction 12C(d, n0)13N and 12C(d, p0)13C at deuteron energies from 2.7 to 3.2 MeV
journal, June 1966

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journal, January 2007

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journal, May 1966

Neutrinos from the Sun
journal, July 1969

Light elements analysis and application to glass industry
journal, March 1977

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journal, August 2015

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journal, May 1969

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journal, January 1966

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journal, March 2002

XIII. Proton-gamma angular correlations and gamma-ray angular distributions in the ¹⁰ B( α , p γ ) ¹³ C reaction
journal, April 1954

Algorithms for the analysis of -decay total absorption spectra
journal, February 2007

Gamma-Ray Resonances in the Alpha-Particle Bombardment of Beryllium and Boron
journal, April 1953

A detailed study of the natC(d,d0) reaction at detector angles between 145° and 170°, for the energy range Ed,lab=900–2000keV
journal, August 2006

Differential cross-section measurements for the 12C(d,p0)13C reaction and applications to surface analysis of materials
journal, May 2008

Study of the reactions 12C(d, d)12C and 12C(d, p)13C across the resonance at Ed = 2.71 MeV
journal, February 1974

Energy levels of light nuclei A = 13–15
journal, February 1991

Comparison of unfolding approaches for monoenergetic and continuous fast-neutron energy spectra
journal, February 2013

Thermonuclear Reaction Rates, III
journal, September 1983

The ${}^{12}C (α, γ) {}^{16}O$ reaction and its implications for stellar helium burning
journal, September 2017

Alternative parametrization of R -matrix theory
journal, October 2002

LXXII. The production of neutrons and protons by the bombardment of boron by low energy alpha-particles
journal, June 1955

Thermonuclear reaction rates V
journal, November 1988

Study of the Be(p,n) and Be(d,n) Source Reactions
journal, August 2002

Cross Section and Angular Distributions of the ( $d, p$ ) and ( $d, n$ ) Reactions in $C^{12}$ from 1.8 to 6.1 Mev
journal, January 1956

MCNP-PoliMi: a Monte-Carlo code for correlation measurements
journal, November 2003

Differential Cross Sections for $C^{12} (d, d) C^{12}$ and $C^{12} (d, p) C^{13}$
journal, November 1956

The Ame2012 atomic mass evaluation
journal, December 2012

Étude des réactions 12C(d,d), 12C(d,p0) et 12C(d,p1) A 1,4 < Ed < 2,3 MeV.
journal, January 1970

A single low-energy, iron-poor supernova as the source of metals in the star SMSS J031300.36−670839.3
journal, February 2014

6Li induced reactions on 12C at Elab = 20 MeV
journal, March 1968

Chapter I. Formation of the Viewpoint, Alpha-Like Four-Body Correlations and Molecular Aspects in Nuclei
journal, January 1972

Toward understanding the microscopic origin of nuclear clustering
journal, August 2012

Thick-target measurements and astrophysical thermonuclear reaction rates: Alpha-induced reactions
journal, March 1983

Endothermic Deuteron Stripping Reactions. II. $C^{12} (d, p_{3} γ) C^{13 *}$ Reaction
journal, December 1960

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journal, February 1992

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journal, February 1967

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journal, April 2010

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journal, November 1953

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journal, January 1969

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journal, January 1973