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Title: Electroanalytical Investigation of the Electrode–Electrolyte Interface of Quaternary Ammonium Ionic Liquids: Impact of Alkyl Chain Length and Ether Functionality

Abstract

The influence of ionic associations and potential-dependent interactions on the electrode–electrolyte interfacial structure of ionic liquids (ILs) is studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) for a variety of asymmetric quaternary ammonium ILs. Specifically, the impact of cation alkyl chain length (C = 4, 8 and 16) and ether functionality on the interfacial structuring of ILs at the glassy carbon electrode surface is examined. Ammonium cations with alkyl chain length of 8 and 16 carbons are found to stabilize the formation of the bis(trifluorosulfonyl)imide, [TFSI], anion dense Stern layer at positive electrode potentials leading to larger capacitances. The longer alkyl chain of the cation is believed to screen the ion–ion repulsion among the anions by intruding into the interfacial anion layer. SERS suggests the presence of carbon-containing rings at the interface at both positive and negative electrode potentials, which can be explained by the buckling of the long alkyl chains. Inclusion of an ether functionality allowed for more symmetry in the camel-shaped potential-dependent differential capacitance curves, suggesting similar excess ion density at both positive and negative potentials. This work contributes to understanding and predicting the interfacial electrode capacitance in ILs by understanding the balance of ionicmore » interactions and the associated repulsions at electrode–electrolyte interfaces that are pertinent to electrochemical energy storage, electrocatalysis, and electrochemical sensors.« less

Authors:
ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [1]
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  1. Case Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland, OH (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRC) (United States). Breakthrough Electrolytes for Energy Storage (BEES); Case Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland, OH (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)
OSTI Identifier:
1616162
Grant/Contract Number:  
SC0019409
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Journal of Physical Chemistry. C
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 124; Journal Issue: 10; Journal ID: ISSN 1932-7447
Publisher:
American Chemical Society
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY; 25 ENERGY STORAGE; Interfaces; electrical properties; electrodes; ions; cations

Citation Formats

Klein, Jeffrey M., Squire, Henry, and Gurkan, Burcu. Electroanalytical Investigation of the Electrode–Electrolyte Interface of Quaternary Ammonium Ionic Liquids: Impact of Alkyl Chain Length and Ether Functionality. United States: N. p., 2019. Web. doi:10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b08016.
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Klein, Jeffrey M., Squire, Henry, & Gurkan, Burcu. Electroanalytical Investigation of the Electrode–Electrolyte Interface of Quaternary Ammonium Ionic Liquids: Impact of Alkyl Chain Length and Ether Functionality. United States. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b08016
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Klein, Jeffrey M., Squire, Henry, and Gurkan, Burcu. Thu . "Electroanalytical Investigation of the Electrode–Electrolyte Interface of Quaternary Ammonium Ionic Liquids: Impact of Alkyl Chain Length and Ether Functionality". United States. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b08016. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1616162.
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@article{osti_1616162,
title = {Electroanalytical Investigation of the Electrode–Electrolyte Interface of Quaternary Ammonium Ionic Liquids: Impact of Alkyl Chain Length and Ether Functionality},
author = {Klein, Jeffrey M. and Squire, Henry and Gurkan, Burcu},
abstractNote = {The influence of ionic associations and potential-dependent interactions on the electrode–electrolyte interfacial structure of ionic liquids (ILs) is studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) for a variety of asymmetric quaternary ammonium ILs. Specifically, the impact of cation alkyl chain length (C = 4, 8 and 16) and ether functionality on the interfacial structuring of ILs at the glassy carbon electrode surface is examined. Ammonium cations with alkyl chain length of 8 and 16 carbons are found to stabilize the formation of the bis(trifluorosulfonyl)imide, [TFSI], anion dense Stern layer at positive electrode potentials leading to larger capacitances. The longer alkyl chain of the cation is believed to screen the ion–ion repulsion among the anions by intruding into the interfacial anion layer. SERS suggests the presence of carbon-containing rings at the interface at both positive and negative electrode potentials, which can be explained by the buckling of the long alkyl chains. Inclusion of an ether functionality allowed for more symmetry in the camel-shaped potential-dependent differential capacitance curves, suggesting similar excess ion density at both positive and negative potentials. This work contributes to understanding and predicting the interfacial electrode capacitance in ILs by understanding the balance of ionic interactions and the associated repulsions at electrode–electrolyte interfaces that are pertinent to electrochemical energy storage, electrocatalysis, and electrochemical sensors.},
doi = {10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b08016},
journal = {Journal of Physical Chemistry. C},
number = 10,
volume = 124,
place = {United States},
year = {Thu Dec 12 00:00:00 EST 2019},
month = {Thu Dec 12 00:00:00 EST 2019}
}
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https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b08016
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