Giant impacts stochastically change the internal pressures of terrestrial planets

Lock, Simon J.; Stewart, Sarah T.

doi:10.1126/sciadv.aav3746

Title: Giant impacts stochastically change the internal pressures of terrestrial planets

Abstract

Pressure is a key parameter in the physics and chemistry of planet formation and evolution. Previous studies have erroneously assumed that internal pressures monotonically increase with the mass of a body. Using smoothed particle hydrodynamics and potential field method calculations, we demonstrate that the hot, rapidly rotating bodies produced by giant impacts can have much lower internal pressures than cool, slowly rotating planets of the same mass. Pressures subsequently increase because of thermal and rotational evolution of the body. Using the Moon-forming impact as an example, we show that the internal pressures after the collision could have been less than half that in present-day Earth. The current pressure profile was not established until Earth cooled and the Moon receded, a process that may take up to tens of millions of years. Our work defines a new paradigm for pressure evolution during accretion of terrestrial planets: stochastic changes driven by impacts.

Authors:

^[1];

^[2]

California Institute of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States); Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA (United States)
Univ. of California, Davis, CA (United States)

Publication Date:: Wed Sep 04 00:00:00 EDT 2019

Research Org.:: Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); NESSF; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)

OSTI Identifier:: 1614413

Grant/Contract Number:: NA0002937; NNX13AO67H; NNX15AH54G

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Science Advances

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 5; Journal Issue: 9; Journal ID: ISSN 2375-2548

Publisher:: AAAS

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; science & technology; other topics

Citation Formats


                    Lock, Simon J., and Stewart, Sarah T. Giant impacts stochastically change the internal pressures of terrestrial planets.  United States: N. p., 2019. 
Web.  doi:10.1126/sciadv.aav3746.

Copy to clipboard


                    Lock, Simon J., & Stewart, Sarah T. Giant impacts stochastically change the internal pressures of terrestrial planets.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aav3746

Copy to clipboard


                    Lock, Simon J., and Stewart, Sarah T. Wed .  
"Giant impacts stochastically change the internal pressures of terrestrial planets".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aav3746.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1614413.

Copy to clipboard


                    
@article{osti_1614413,

  title        = {Giant impacts stochastically change the internal pressures of terrestrial planets},

  author       = {Lock, Simon J. and Stewart, Sarah T.},

  abstractNote = {Pressure is a key parameter in the physics and chemistry of planet formation and evolution. Previous studies have erroneously assumed that internal pressures monotonically increase with the mass of a body. Using smoothed particle hydrodynamics and potential field method calculations, we demonstrate that the hot, rapidly rotating bodies produced by giant impacts can have much lower internal pressures than cool, slowly rotating planets of the same mass. Pressures subsequently increase because of thermal and rotational evolution of the body. Using the Moon-forming impact as an example, we show that the internal pressures after the collision could have been less than half that in present-day Earth. The current pressure profile was not established until Earth cooled and the Moon receded, a process that may take up to tens of millions of years. Our work defines a new paradigm for pressure evolution during accretion of terrestrial planets: stochastic changes driven by impacts.},

  doi          = {10.1126/sciadv.aav3746},

  journal      = {Science Advances},

  number       = 9,

  volume       = 5,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Wed Sep 04 00:00:00 EDT 2019},

  month        = {Wed Sep 04 00:00:00 EDT 2019}

}

Copy to clipboard

Journal Article:

Free Publicly Available Full Text

Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Publisher's Version of Record

https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aav3746

Other availability

Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal

Citation Metrics:

Cited by: 9 works

Citation information provided by
Web of Science

Save / Share:

Export Metadata

Save to My Library

Works referenced in this record:

Prediction of siderophile element metal-silicate partition coefficients to 20 GPa and 2800°C: the effects of pressure, temperature, oxygen fugacity, and silicate and metallic melt compositions
journal, March 1997

Righter, K.; Drake, M. J.; Yaxley, G.
Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, Vol. 100, Issue 1-4
DOI: 10.1016/S0031-9201(96)03235-9

THE Hf-W ISOTOPIC SYSTEM AND THE ORIGIN OF THE EARTH AND MOON
journal, May 2005

Jacobsen, Stein B.
Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Vol. 33, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.earth.33.092203.122614

Sensitivities of Earth's core and mantle compositions to accretion and differentiation processes
journal, January 2017

Fischer, Rebecca A.; Campbell, Andrew J.; Ciesla, Fred J.
Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 458
DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2016.10.025

Melting and mixing states of the Earth's mantle after the Moon-forming impact
journal, October 2015

Nakajima, Miki; Stevenson, David J.
Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 427
DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2015.06.023

Evolution of the Earth-Moon system
journal, November 1994

Touma, Jihad; Wisdom, Jack
The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 108
DOI: 10.1086/117209

A hydrocode equation of state for SiO ₂
journal, December 2007

Melosh, H. J.
Meteoritics & Planetary Science, Vol. 42, Issue 12
DOI: 10.1111/j.1945-5100.2007.tb01009.x

Collisions Between Gravity-Dominated Bodies. i. Outcome Regimes and Scaling laws
journal, December 2011

Leinhardt, Zoë M.; Stewart, Sarah T.
The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 745, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1088/0004-637X/745/1/79

Seismic Evidence for Partial Melt at the Base of Earth's Mantle
journal, September 1996

Williams, Q.; Garnero, E. J.
Science, Vol. 273, Issue 5281
DOI: 10.1126/science.273.5281.1528

The Origin of the Moon Within a Terrestrial Synestia
journal, April 2018

Lock, Simon J.; Stewart, Sarah T.; Petaev, Michail I.
Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, Vol. 123, Issue 4
DOI: 10.1002/2017JE005333

Preservation of Earth-forming events in the tungsten isotopic composition of modern flood basalts
journal, May 2016

Rizo, H.; Walker, R. J.; Carlson, R. W.
Science, Vol. 352, Issue 6287
DOI: 10.1126/science.aad8563

Direct shock compression experiments on premolten forsterite and progress toward a consistent high-pressure equation of state for CaO-MgO-Al ₂ O ₃ -SiO ₂ -FeO liquids : SHOCK COMPRESSION OF MOLTEN FORSTERITE
journal, November 2013

Thomas, Claire W.; Asimow, Paul D.
Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, Vol. 118, Issue 11
DOI: 10.1002/jgrb.50374

A very slow basal layer underlying large-scale low-velocity anomalies in the lower mantle beneath the Pacific: evidence from core phases
journal, September 1995

Garnero, Edward J.; Helmberger, Donald V.
Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, Vol. 91, Issue 1-3
DOI: 10.1016/0031-9201(95)03039-Y

Tidal evolution of the Moon from a high-obliquity, high-angular-momentum Earth
journal, October 2016

Ćuk, Matija; Hamilton, Douglas P.; Lock, Simon J.
Nature, Vol. 539, Issue 7629
DOI: 10.1038/nature19846

A multiple-impact origin for the Moon
journal, January 2017

Rufu, Raluca; Aharonson, Oded; Perets, Hagai B.
Nature Geoscience, Vol. 10, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1038/ngeo2866

Accretion and differentiation of the terrestrial planets with implications for the compositions of early-formed Solar System bodies and accretion of water
journal, March 2015

Rubie, D. C.; Jacobson, S. A.; Morbidelli, A.
Icarus, Vol. 248
DOI: 10.1016/j.icarus.2014.10.015

Simulations of a late lunar-forming impact
journal, April 2004

Canup, Robin M.
Icarus, Vol. 168, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1016/j.icarus.2003.09.028

The tethered Moon
journal, October 2015

Zahnle, Kevin J.; Lupu, Roxana; Dobrovolskis, Anthony
Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 427
DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2015.06.058

Geochemistry of mantle–core differentiation at high pressure
journal, June 1996

Li, Jie; Agee, Carl B.
Nature, Vol. 381, Issue 6584
DOI: 10.1038/381686a0

The cosmological simulation code gadget-2
journal, December 2005

Springel, Volker
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 364, Issue 4
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.09655.x

Sound velocity and density of magnesiowüstites: Implications for ultralow‐velocity zone topography
journal, March 2017

Wicks, June K.; Jackson, Jennifer M.; Sturhahn, Wolfgang
Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 44, Issue 5
DOI: 10.1002/2016GL071225

A statistical analysis of the correlation between large igneous provinces and lower mantle seismic structure
journal, January 2014

Austermann, Jacqueline; Kaye, Bryan T.; Mitrovica, Jerry X.
Geophysical Journal International, Vol. 197, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1093/gji/ggt500

The structure of terrestrial bodies: Impact heating, corotation limits, and synestias: THE STRUCTURE OF TERRESTRIAL BODIES
journal, May 2017

Lock, Simon J.; Stewart, Sarah T.
Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, Vol. 122, Issue 5
DOI: 10.1002/2016JE005239

Geochemical Constraints on the Size of the Moon-Forming Giant Impact: Size of the Moon-Forming Giant Impact
journal, December 2017

Piet, Hélène; Badro, James; Gillet, Philippe
Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 44, Issue 23
DOI: 10.1002/2017GL075225

Thermodynamics of silicate liquids in the deep Earth
journal, February 2009

Stixrude, Lars; de Koker, Nico; Sun, Ni
Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 278, Issue 3-4
DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2008.12.006

Forming a Moon with an Earth-like Composition via a Giant Impact
journal, October 2012

Canup, R. M.
Science, Vol. 338, Issue 6110
DOI: 10.1126/science.1226073

Probabilistic Tomography Maps Chemical Heterogeneities Throughout the Lower Mantle
journal, October 2004

Trampert, J.
Science, Vol. 306, Issue 5697
DOI: 10.1126/science.1101996

Early differentiation and volatile accretion recorded in deep-mantle neon and xenon
journal, June 2012

Mukhopadhyay, Sujoy
Nature, Vol. 486, Issue 7401
DOI: 10.1038/nature11141

Making the Moon from a Fast-Spinning Earth: A Giant Impact Followed by Resonant Despinning
journal, October 2012

Cuk, M.; Stewart, S. T.
Science, Vol. 338, Issue 6110
DOI: 10.1126/science.1225542

Thermal evolution of an early magma ocean in interaction with the atmosphere: MAGMA OCEAN AND ATMOSPHERE EVOLUTION
journal, June 2013

Lebrun, T.; Massol, H.; Chassefière, E.
Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, Vol. 118, Issue 6
DOI: 10.1002/jgre.20068

Early evolution of the Earth–Moon system with a fast-spinning Earth
journal, August 2015

Wisdom, Jack; Tian, ZhenLiang
Icarus, Vol. 256
DOI: 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.02.025

Normal-Mode and Free-Air Gravity Constraints on Lateral Variations in Velocity and Density of Earth's Mantle
journal, August 1999

Ishii, M.
Science, Vol. 285, Issue 5431
DOI: 10.1126/science.285.5431.1231

Fast accretion of the Earth with a late Moon-forming giant impact
journal, October 2011

Yu, G.; Jacobsen, S. B.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 108, Issue 43
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1108544108

A crystallizing dense magma ocean at the base of the Earth’s mantle
journal, December 2007

Labrosse, S.; Hernlund, J. W.; Coltice, N.
Nature, Vol. 450, Issue 7171
DOI: 10.1038/nature06355

Tidal evolution of the Moon from a high-obliquity, high-angular-momentum Earth
text, January 2018

Ćuk, Matija; Hamilton, Douglas P.; Lock, Simon J.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1802.03356

The origin of the Moon within a terrestrial synestia
text, January 2018

Lock, Simon J.; Stewart, Sarah T.; Petaev, Michail I.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1802.10223

Multiple Impact Origin for the Moon
text, January 2019

Rufu, Raluca; Aharonson, Oded; Perets, Hagai B.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1903.02525

Simulations of a late lunar-forming impact
journal, April 2004

Canup, Robin M.
Icarus, Vol. 168, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1016/j.icarus.2003.09.028

Tidal evolution of the Moon from a high-obliquity, high-angular-momentum Earth
journal, October 2016

Ćuk, Matija; Hamilton, Douglas P.; Lock, Simon J.
Nature, Vol. 539, Issue 7629
DOI: 10.1038/nature19846

A multiple-impact origin for the Moon
journal, January 2017

Rufu, Raluca; Aharonson, Oded; Perets, Hagai B.
Nature Geoscience, Vol. 10, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1038/ngeo2866

Evolution of the Earth-Moon system
journal, November 1994

Touma, Jihad; Wisdom, Jack
The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 108
DOI: 10.1086/117209

Formation of Terrestrial Planets from Protoplanets Under a Realistic Accretion Condition
journal, April 2010

Kokubo, Eiichiro; Genda, Hidenori
The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 714, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1088/2041-8205/714/1/l21

Probabilistic Tomography Maps Chemical Heterogeneities Throughout the Lower Mantle
journal, October 2004

Trampert, J.
Science, Vol. 306, Issue 5697
DOI: 10.1126/science.1101996

Forming a Moon with an Earth-like Composition via a Giant Impact
journal, October 2012

Canup, R. M.
Science, Vol. 338, Issue 6110
DOI: 10.1126/science.1226073

Seismic Evidence for Partial Melt at the Base of Earth's Mantle
journal, September 1996

Williams, Q.; Garnero, E. J.
Science, Vol. 273, Issue 5281
DOI: 10.1126/science.273.5281.1528

Normal-Mode and Free-Air Gravity Constraints on Lateral Variations in Velocity and Density of Earth's Mantle
journal, August 1999

Ishii, M.
Science, Vol. 285, Issue 5431
DOI: 10.1126/science.285.5431.1231

Works referencing / citing this record:

The Energy Budgets of Giant Impacts
journal, January 2020

Carter, P. J.; Lock, S. J.; Stewart, S. T.
Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, Vol. 125, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1029/2019je006042

The energy budgets of giant impacts
text, January 2019

Carter, Philip J.; Lock, Simon J.; Stewart, Sarah T.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1912.04936

Similar Records in DOE PAGES and OSTI.GOV collections:

The Origin of the Moon Within a Terrestrial Synestia

Journal Article Lock, Simon J. ; Stewart, Sarah T. ; Petaev, Michail I. ; ... - Journal of Geophysical Research. Planets

The giant impact hypothesis remains the leading theory for lunar origin. However, current models struggle to explain the Moon’s composition and isotopic similarity with Earth. Here we present a new lunar origin model. High-energy, high-angular-momentum giant impacts can create a post-impact structure that exceeds the corotation limit, which defines the hottest thermal state and angular momentum possible for a corotating body. In a typical super-corotation-limit body, traditional definitions of mantle, atmosphere, and disk are not appropriate, and the body forms a new type of planetary structure, named a synestia. Using simulations of cooling synestias combined with dynamic, thermodynamic, and geochemicalmore »« less
Cited by 142
https://doi.org/10.1002/2017je005333

Full Text Available
The energy budget and figure of Earth during recovery from the Moon-forming giant impact

Journal Article Lock, Simon J. ; Stewart, Sarah T. ; Ćuk, Matija - Earth and Planetary Science Letters

Quantifying the energy budget of Earth in the first few million years following the Moon-forming giant impact is vital to understanding Earth's initial thermal state and the dynamics of lunar tidal evolution. After the impact, the body was substantially vaporized and rotating rapidly, very different from the planet we know today. The subsequent evolution of Earth's energy budget, as the body cooled and angular momentum was transferred during lunar tidal recession, has not been accurately calculated with all relevant energy components included. In this work, we use giant impact simulations and planetary structure models to calculate the energy budget atmore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2019.115885

Full Text Available
The structure of terrestrial bodies: Impact heating, corotation limits, and synestias

Journal Article Lock, Simon J. ; Stewart, Sarah T. - Journal of Geophysical Research. Planets

During accretion, terrestrial bodies attain a wide range of thermal and rotational states, which are accompanied by significant changes in physical structure (size, shape, pressure and temperature profile, etc.). However, variations in structure have been neglected in most studies of rocky planet formation and evolution. Here we present a new code, the Highly Eccentric Rotating Concentric U (potential) Layers Equilibrium Structure (HERCULES) code, that solves for the equilibrium structure of planets as a series of overlapping constant-density spheroids. Using HERCULES and a smoothed particle hydrodynamics code, we show that Earth-like bodies display a dramatic range of morphologies. For any rotatingmore »« less
Cited by 66
https://doi.org/10.1002/2016je005239

Full Text Available
WARM DEBRIS DISKS PRODUCED BY GIANT IMPACTS DURING TERRESTRIAL PLANET FORMATION

Journal Article Genda, H. ; Kobayashi, H. ; Kokubo, E., E-mail: genda@elsi.jp - Astrophysical Journal

In our solar system, Mars-sized protoplanets frequently collided with each other during the last stage of terrestrial planet formation, called the giant impact stage. Giant impacts eject a large amount of material from the colliding protoplanets into the terrestrial planet region, which may form debris disks with observable infrared excesses. Indeed, tens of warm debris disks around young solar-type stars have been observed. Here we quantitatively estimate the total mass of ejected materials during the giant impact stages. We found that ∼0.4 times the Earth’s mass is ejected in total throughout the giant impact stage. Ejected materials are ground down bymore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/810/2/136
THE LAST STAGES OF TERRESTRIAL PLANET FORMATION: DYNAMICAL FRICTION AND THE LATE VENEER

Journal Article Schlichting, Hilke E ; Warren, Paul H ; Yin Qingzhu, E-mail: hilke@ucla.edu - Astrophysical Journal

The final stage of terrestrial planet formation consists of the clean-up of residual planetesimals after the giant impact phase. Dynamically, a residual planetesimal population is needed to damp the high eccentricities and inclinations of the terrestrial planets to circular and coplanar orbits after the giant impact stage. Geochemically, highly siderophile element (HSE) abundance patterns inferred for the terrestrial planets and the Moon suggest that a total of about 0.01 M{sub Circled-Plus} of chondritic material was delivered as 'late veneer' by planetesimals to the terrestrial planets after the end of giant impacts. Here, we combine these two independent lines of evidencemore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/752/1/8

Similar Records

Title: Giant impacts stochastically change the internal pressures of terrestrial planets

Abstract

Citation Formats

Prediction of siderophile element metal-silicate partition coefficients to 20 GPa and 2800°C: the effects of pressure, temperature, oxygen fugacity, and silicate and metallic melt compositions journal, March 1997

THE Hf-W ISOTOPIC SYSTEM AND THE ORIGIN OF THE EARTH AND MOON journal, May 2005

Sensitivities of Earth's core and mantle compositions to accretion and differentiation processes journal, January 2017

Melting and mixing states of the Earth's mantle after the Moon-forming impact journal, October 2015

Evolution of the Earth-Moon system journal, November 1994

A hydrocode equation of state for SiO 2 journal, December 2007

Collisions Between Gravity-Dominated Bodies. i. Outcome Regimes and Scaling laws journal, December 2011

Seismic Evidence for Partial Melt at the Base of Earth's Mantle journal, September 1996

The Origin of the Moon Within a Terrestrial Synestia journal, April 2018

Preservation of Earth-forming events in the tungsten isotopic composition of modern flood basalts journal, May 2016

Direct shock compression experiments on premolten forsterite and progress toward a consistent high-pressure equation of state for CaO-MgO-Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 -FeO liquids : SHOCK COMPRESSION OF MOLTEN FORSTERITE journal, November 2013

A very slow basal layer underlying large-scale low-velocity anomalies in the lower mantle beneath the Pacific: evidence from core phases journal, September 1995

Tidal evolution of the Moon from a high-obliquity, high-angular-momentum Earth journal, October 2016

A multiple-impact origin for the Moon journal, January 2017

Accretion and differentiation of the terrestrial planets with implications for the compositions of early-formed Solar System bodies and accretion of water journal, March 2015

Simulations of a late lunar-forming impact journal, April 2004

The tethered Moon journal, October 2015

Geochemistry of mantle–core differentiation at high pressure journal, June 1996

The cosmological simulation code gadget-2 journal, December 2005

Sound velocity and density of magnesiowüstites: Implications for ultralow‐velocity zone topography journal, March 2017

A statistical analysis of the correlation between large igneous provinces and lower mantle seismic structure journal, January 2014

The structure of terrestrial bodies: Impact heating, corotation limits, and synestias: THE STRUCTURE OF TERRESTRIAL BODIES journal, May 2017

Geochemical Constraints on the Size of the Moon-Forming Giant Impact: Size of the Moon-Forming Giant Impact journal, December 2017

Thermodynamics of silicate liquids in the deep Earth journal, February 2009

Forming a Moon with an Earth-like Composition via a Giant Impact journal, October 2012

Probabilistic Tomography Maps Chemical Heterogeneities Throughout the Lower Mantle journal, October 2004

Early differentiation and volatile accretion recorded in deep-mantle neon and xenon journal, June 2012

Making the Moon from a Fast-Spinning Earth: A Giant Impact Followed by Resonant Despinning journal, October 2012

Thermal evolution of an early magma ocean in interaction with the atmosphere: MAGMA OCEAN AND ATMOSPHERE EVOLUTION journal, June 2013

Early evolution of the Earth–Moon system with a fast-spinning Earth journal, August 2015

Normal-Mode and Free-Air Gravity Constraints on Lateral Variations in Velocity and Density of Earth's Mantle journal, August 1999

Fast accretion of the Earth with a late Moon-forming giant impact journal, October 2011

A crystallizing dense magma ocean at the base of the Earth’s mantle journal, December 2007

Tidal evolution of the Moon from a high-obliquity, high-angular-momentum Earth text, January 2018

The origin of the Moon within a terrestrial synestia text, January 2018

Multiple Impact Origin for the Moon text, January 2019

Simulations of a late lunar-forming impact journal, April 2004

Tidal evolution of the Moon from a high-obliquity, high-angular-momentum Earth journal, October 2016

A multiple-impact origin for the Moon journal, January 2017

Evolution of the Earth-Moon system journal, November 1994

Formation of Terrestrial Planets from Protoplanets Under a Realistic Accretion Condition journal, April 2010

Probabilistic Tomography Maps Chemical Heterogeneities Throughout the Lower Mantle journal, October 2004

Forming a Moon with an Earth-like Composition via a Giant Impact journal, October 2012

Seismic Evidence for Partial Melt at the Base of Earth's Mantle journal, September 1996

Normal-Mode and Free-Air Gravity Constraints on Lateral Variations in Velocity and Density of Earth's Mantle journal, August 1999

The Energy Budgets of Giant Impacts journal, January 2020

The energy budgets of giant impacts text, January 2019

Prediction of siderophile element metal-silicate partition coefficients to 20 GPa and 2800°C: the effects of pressure, temperature, oxygen fugacity, and silicate and metallic melt compositions
journal, March 1997

THE Hf-W ISOTOPIC SYSTEM AND THE ORIGIN OF THE EARTH AND MOON
journal, May 2005

Sensitivities of Earth's core and mantle compositions to accretion and differentiation processes
journal, January 2017

Melting and mixing states of the Earth's mantle after the Moon-forming impact
journal, October 2015

Evolution of the Earth-Moon system
journal, November 1994

A hydrocode equation of state for SiO ₂
journal, December 2007

Collisions Between Gravity-Dominated Bodies. i. Outcome Regimes and Scaling laws
journal, December 2011

Seismic Evidence for Partial Melt at the Base of Earth's Mantle
journal, September 1996

The Origin of the Moon Within a Terrestrial Synestia
journal, April 2018

Preservation of Earth-forming events in the tungsten isotopic composition of modern flood basalts
journal, May 2016

Direct shock compression experiments on premolten forsterite and progress toward a consistent high-pressure equation of state for CaO-MgO-Al ₂ O ₃ -SiO ₂ -FeO liquids : SHOCK COMPRESSION OF MOLTEN FORSTERITE
journal, November 2013

A very slow basal layer underlying large-scale low-velocity anomalies in the lower mantle beneath the Pacific: evidence from core phases
journal, September 1995

Tidal evolution of the Moon from a high-obliquity, high-angular-momentum Earth
journal, October 2016

A multiple-impact origin for the Moon
journal, January 2017

Accretion and differentiation of the terrestrial planets with implications for the compositions of early-formed Solar System bodies and accretion of water
journal, March 2015

Simulations of a late lunar-forming impact
journal, April 2004

The tethered Moon
journal, October 2015

Geochemistry of mantle–core differentiation at high pressure
journal, June 1996

The cosmological simulation code gadget-2
journal, December 2005

Sound velocity and density of magnesiowüstites: Implications for ultralow‐velocity zone topography
journal, March 2017

A statistical analysis of the correlation between large igneous provinces and lower mantle seismic structure
journal, January 2014

The structure of terrestrial bodies: Impact heating, corotation limits, and synestias: THE STRUCTURE OF TERRESTRIAL BODIES
journal, May 2017

Geochemical Constraints on the Size of the Moon-Forming Giant Impact: Size of the Moon-Forming Giant Impact
journal, December 2017

Thermodynamics of silicate liquids in the deep Earth
journal, February 2009

Forming a Moon with an Earth-like Composition via a Giant Impact
journal, October 2012

Probabilistic Tomography Maps Chemical Heterogeneities Throughout the Lower Mantle
journal, October 2004

Early differentiation and volatile accretion recorded in deep-mantle neon and xenon
journal, June 2012

Making the Moon from a Fast-Spinning Earth: A Giant Impact Followed by Resonant Despinning
journal, October 2012

Thermal evolution of an early magma ocean in interaction with the atmosphere: MAGMA OCEAN AND ATMOSPHERE EVOLUTION
journal, June 2013

Early evolution of the Earth–Moon system with a fast-spinning Earth
journal, August 2015

Normal-Mode and Free-Air Gravity Constraints on Lateral Variations in Velocity and Density of Earth's Mantle
journal, August 1999

Fast accretion of the Earth with a late Moon-forming giant impact
journal, October 2011

A crystallizing dense magma ocean at the base of the Earth’s mantle
journal, December 2007

Tidal evolution of the Moon from a high-obliquity, high-angular-momentum Earth
text, January 2018

The origin of the Moon within a terrestrial synestia
text, January 2018

Multiple Impact Origin for the Moon
text, January 2019

Simulations of a late lunar-forming impact
journal, April 2004

Tidal evolution of the Moon from a high-obliquity, high-angular-momentum Earth
journal, October 2016

A multiple-impact origin for the Moon
journal, January 2017

Evolution of the Earth-Moon system
journal, November 1994

Formation of Terrestrial Planets from Protoplanets Under a Realistic Accretion Condition
journal, April 2010

Probabilistic Tomography Maps Chemical Heterogeneities Throughout the Lower Mantle
journal, October 2004

Forming a Moon with an Earth-like Composition via a Giant Impact
journal, October 2012

Seismic Evidence for Partial Melt at the Base of Earth's Mantle
journal, September 1996

Normal-Mode and Free-Air Gravity Constraints on Lateral Variations in Velocity and Density of Earth's Mantle
journal, August 1999

The Energy Budgets of Giant Impacts
journal, January 2020

The energy budgets of giant impacts
text, January 2019