Radiative sky cooling: Fundamental principles, materials, and applications

Zhao, Dongliang; Aili, Ablimit; Zhai, Yao; Xu, Shaoyu; Tan, Gang; Yin, Xiaobo; Yang, Ronggui

doi:10.1063/1.5087281

Title: Radiative sky cooling: Fundamental principles, materials, and applications

Abstract

Radiative sky cooling cools an object on the earth by emitting thermal infrared radiation to the cold universe through the atmospheric window (8–13 μm). It consumes no electricity and has great potential to be explored for cooling of buildings, vehicles, solar cells, and even thermal power plants. Radiative sky cooling has been explored in the past few decades but limited to nighttime use only. Very recently, owing to the progress in nanophotonics and metamaterials, daytime radiative sky cooling to achieve subambient temperatures under direct sunlight has been experimentally demonstrated. More excitingly, the manufacturing of the daytime radiative sky cooling material by the roll-to-roll process makes large-scale deployment of the technology possible. This work reviews the fundamental principles of radiative sky cooling as well as the recent advances, from both materials and systems point of view. Potential applications in different scenarios are reviewed with special attention to technology viability and benefits. As the energy situation and environmental issues become more and more severe in the 21st century, we conclude radiative sky cooling can be explored for energy saving in buildings and vehicles, mitigating the urban heat island effect, resolving water and environmental issues, achieving more efficient power generation, and even fightingmore » against the global warming problem.« less

Authors:

^[1]; Aili, Ablimit ^[2];

^[2]; Xu, Shaoyu ^[3];

^[4]; Yin, Xiaobo ^[2];

^[2]

Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States); Southeast Univ., Nanjing (China). School of Energy and Environment
Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States)
Ruiling Inst. of Advanced Energy and Environmental Solutions, Ningbo (China)
Univ. of Wyoming, Laramie, WY (United States)

Publication Date:: Tue Apr 16 00:00:00 EDT 2019

Research Org.:: Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Advanced Research Projects Agency - Energy (ARPA-E)

OSTI Identifier:: 1613653

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1507229

Grant/Contract Number:: AR0000580

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Applied Physics Reviews

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 6; Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 1931-9401

Publisher:: American Institute of Physics (AIP)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSICS; 14 SOLAR ENERGY; 54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES; Physics; Urban heat island; Atmospheric radiation; Passive radiator; Cooling technology; Infrared radiation; Solar energy; Energy efficiency; Metamaterials; Global warming; Building energy analysis

Citation Formats


                    Zhao, Dongliang, Aili, Ablimit, Zhai, Yao, Xu, Shaoyu, Tan, Gang, Yin, Xiaobo, and Yang, Ronggui. Radiative sky cooling: Fundamental principles, materials, and applications.  United States: N. p., 2019. 
Web.  doi:10.1063/1.5087281.

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                    Zhao, Dongliang, Aili, Ablimit, Zhai, Yao, Xu, Shaoyu, Tan, Gang, Yin, Xiaobo, & Yang, Ronggui. Radiative sky cooling: Fundamental principles, materials, and applications.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5087281

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                    Zhao, Dongliang, Aili, Ablimit, Zhai, Yao, Xu, Shaoyu, Tan, Gang, Yin, Xiaobo, and Yang, Ronggui. Tue .  
"Radiative sky cooling: Fundamental principles, materials, and applications".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5087281.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1613653.

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@article{osti_1613653,

  title        = {Radiative sky cooling: Fundamental principles, materials, and applications},

  author       = {Zhao, Dongliang and Aili, Ablimit and Zhai, Yao and Xu, Shaoyu and Tan, Gang and Yin, Xiaobo and Yang, Ronggui},

  abstractNote = {Radiative sky cooling cools an object on the earth by emitting thermal infrared radiation to the cold universe through the atmospheric window (8–13 μm). It consumes no electricity and has great potential to be explored for cooling of buildings, vehicles, solar cells, and even thermal power plants. Radiative sky cooling has been explored in the past few decades but limited to nighttime use only. Very recently, owing to the progress in nanophotonics and metamaterials, daytime radiative sky cooling to achieve subambient temperatures under direct sunlight has been experimentally demonstrated. More excitingly, the manufacturing of the daytime radiative sky cooling material by the roll-to-roll process makes large-scale deployment of the technology possible. This work reviews the fundamental principles of radiative sky cooling as well as the recent advances, from both materials and systems point of view. Potential applications in different scenarios are reviewed with special attention to technology viability and benefits. As the energy situation and environmental issues become more and more severe in the 21st century, we conclude radiative sky cooling can be explored for energy saving in buildings and vehicles, mitigating the urban heat island effect, resolving water and environmental issues, achieving more efficient power generation, and even fighting against the global warming problem.},

  doi          = {10.1063/1.5087281},

  journal      = {Applied Physics Reviews},

  number       = 2,

  volume       = 6,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Tue Apr 16 00:00:00 EDT 2019},

  month        = {Tue Apr 16 00:00:00 EDT 2019}

}

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Self-adaptive radiative cooling and solar heating based on a compound metasurface
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Title: Radiative sky cooling: Fundamental principles, materials, and applications

Abstract

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Performance limit of daytime radiative cooling in warm humid environment journal, May 2018

Recent Progress in Daytime Radiative Cooling: Is It the Air Conditioner of the Future? journal, November 2018

Surfaces for radiative cooling: Silicon monoxide films on aluminum journal, January 1980

Light selective structures for large scale natural air conditioning journal, January 1980

Pathways for mitigating thermal losses in solar photovoltaics journal, September 2018

Performance of a heat pipe assisted night sky radiative cooler journal, January 1990

The Temperature of the Cosmic Microwave Background journal, November 2009

Effectiveness of a night radiative cooling system in different geographical latitudes conference, January 2017

Réfrigération radiative. Effet de serre inverse journal, January 1979

Assessment of the radiative cooling potential of a collector using hourly weather data journal, August 1994

The path towards sustainable energy journal, December 2016

A review on the generation, determination and mitigation of Urban Heat Island journal, January 2008

A review of solar photovoltaic systems cooling technologies journal, November 2018

Recent progress on desiccant materials for solid desiccant cooling systems journal, September 2014

Long-term performance of high-albedo roof coatings journal, January 1997

Sub-ambient non-evaporative fluid cooling with the sky journal, September 2017

On the temperature dependence of photovoltaic module electrical performance: A review of efficiency/power correlations journal, May 2009

Simultaneously and Synergistically Harvest Energy from the Sun and Outer Space journal, January 2019

Optics-Based Approach to Thermal Management of Photovoltaics: Selective-Spectral and Radiative Cooling journal, March 2017

Heat reduction of concentrator photovoltaic module using high radiation coating journal, January 2013

Radiative cooling of solar cells journal, January 2014

Mathematical modeling of passive dry cooling for power plants in arid land journal, January 1992

Daytime Radiative Cooling Using Near-Black Infrared Emitters journal, February 2017

Comfortable, high-efficiency heat pump with desiccant-coated, water-sorbing heat exchangers journal, January 2017

Radiative cooling with selectively infrared-emitting gases journal, January 1984

Amplified radiative cooling via optimised combinations of aperture geometry and spectral emittance profiles of surfaces and the atmosphere journal, September 2009

Directional spectral emissivities of clear skies journal, October 2003

Optical and thermal filtering nanoporous materials for sub-ambient radiative cooling journal, June 2018

A review of clear sky radiative cooling developments and applications in renewable power systems and passive building cooling journal, May 2018

Radiative cooling with selectively infrared‐emitting ammonia gas journal, August 1982

Nanoporous polyethylene microfibres for large-scale radiative cooling fabric journal, February 2018

Radiation cooling of buildings at night journal, October 1979

Natural convection in an internally finned phase change material heat sink for the thermal management of photovoltaics journal, July 2011

Passive radiative cooling below ambient air temperature under direct sunlight journal, November 2014

Passive directional sub-ambient daytime radiative cooling journal, November 2018

Review of research on air-conditioning systems and indoor air quality control for human health journal, January 2009

Characterization of silicon oxynitride multilayered systems for passive radiative cooling application journal, August 1995

Solar and terrestrial radiation dependent on the amount and type of cloud
journal, January 1980

Phase change materials for photovoltaic thermal management
journal, July 2015

On the estimation of atmospheric radiation from surface meteorological data
journal, April 1996

Enhanced solar still performance using a radiative cooling system
journal, November 2000

Application of passive radiative cooling for dew condensation
journal, October 2006

Recent Trends in Cloudiness over the United States: A Tale of Monitoring Inadequacies
journal, May 2006

A Metamaterial Emitter for Highly Efficient Radiative Cooling
journal, April 2015

Performance assessment of a photonic radiative cooling system for office buildings
journal, April 2018

Radiative cooling to deep sub-freezing temperatures through a 24-h day–night cycle
journal, December 2016

Power-generation system vulnerability and adaptation to changes in climate and water resources
journal, January 2016

Active daytime radiative cooling using spectrally selective surfaces for air conditioning and refrigeration systems
journal, November 2018

Experimental evaluations of the building shell radiant exchange in clear sky conditions
journal, June 2012

Effective Radiative Cooling by Paint-Format Microsphere-Based Photonic Random Media
journal, January 2018

A Review of Underground Soil and Night Sky as Passive Heat Sink: Design Configurations and Models
journal, October 2018

Photonic thermal management of coloured objects
journal, October 2018

A high efficient semi-open system for fresh water production from atmosphere
journal, November 2017

Harvesting Dew with Radiation Cooled Condensers to Supplement Drinking Water Supply in Semi-arid
journal, May 2011

On the determination of atmospheric longwave irradiance under all-sky conditions
journal, March 2017

Mid-infrared emissivity of crystalline silicon solar cells
journal, January 2018

Thermal remote sensing of urban climates
journal, August 2003

Estimating downward clear sky long-wave irradiance at the surface from screen temperature and precipitable water
journal, July 1998

A new long-wave formula for estimating downward clear-sky radiation at the surface
journal, July 1996

Measurement of Spectral Emissivity from 2 μ to 15 μ
journal, January 1959

A field investigation of passive radiative cooling under Hong Kong’s climate
journal, June 2017

Towards a surface radiation climatology: Retrieval of downward irradiances from satellites
journal, October 1989

On the Differences in Ablation Seasons of Arctic and Antarctic Sea Ice
journal, February 1982

Hierarchically porous polymer coatings for highly efficient passive daytime radiative cooling
journal, September 2018

About the equivalent radiative temperature for clear skies
journal, January 1984

Green nanotechnology
text, January 2020

A night cold storage system enhanced by radiative cooling—a modified Australian cooling system
journal, September 1999

Dew and rain water collection in the Dalmatian Coast, Croatia
journal, June 2009

Radiative Heat Pumping from the Earth Using Surface Phonon Resonant Nanoparticles
journal, February 2010

Desiccant enhanced nocturnal radiative cooling-solar collector system for air comfort application in hot arid areas
journal, March 2013

Passive cooling for air-conditioning energy savings with new radiative low-cost coatings
journal, June 2010

Field investigation of night radiation cooling under tropical climate
journal, June 2000

Comparison of various radiation-cooled dew condensers using computational fluid dynamics
journal, December 2009

Characterization of Silicon Nitride Films
journal, January 1971

Surface coatings for radiative cooling applications: Silicon dioxide and silicon nitride made by reactive rf-sputtering
journal, November 1985

Is enhanced radiative cooling of solar cell modules worth pursuing?
journal, June 2016

Subambient Cooling of Water: Toward Real-World Applications of Daytime Radiative Cooling
journal, January 2019

Performance limit of daytime radiative cooling in warm humid environment
journal, May 2018

Recent Progress in Daytime Radiative Cooling: Is It the Air Conditioner of the Future?
journal, November 2018

Surfaces for radiative cooling: Silicon monoxide films on aluminum
journal, January 1980

Light selective structures for large scale natural air conditioning
journal, January 1980

Pathways for mitigating thermal losses in solar photovoltaics
journal, September 2018

Performance of a heat pipe assisted night sky radiative cooler
journal, January 1990

The Temperature of the Cosmic Microwave Background
journal, November 2009

Effectiveness of a night radiative cooling system in different geographical latitudes
conference, January 2017

Réfrigération radiative. Effet de serre inverse
journal, January 1979

Assessment of the radiative cooling potential of a collector using hourly weather data
journal, August 1994

The path towards sustainable energy
journal, December 2016

A review on the generation, determination and mitigation of Urban Heat Island
journal, January 2008

A review of solar photovoltaic systems cooling technologies
journal, November 2018

Recent progress on desiccant materials for solid desiccant cooling systems
journal, September 2014

Long-term performance of high-albedo roof coatings
journal, January 1997

Sub-ambient non-evaporative fluid cooling with the sky
journal, September 2017

On the temperature dependence of photovoltaic module electrical performance: A review of efficiency/power correlations
journal, May 2009

Simultaneously and Synergistically Harvest Energy from the Sun and Outer Space
journal, January 2019

Optics-Based Approach to Thermal Management of Photovoltaics: Selective-Spectral and Radiative Cooling
journal, March 2017

Heat reduction of concentrator photovoltaic module using high radiation coating
journal, January 2013

Radiative cooling of solar cells
journal, January 2014

Mathematical modeling of passive dry cooling for power plants in arid land
journal, January 1992

Daytime Radiative Cooling Using Near-Black Infrared Emitters
journal, February 2017

Comfortable, high-efficiency heat pump with desiccant-coated, water-sorbing heat exchangers
journal, January 2017

Radiative cooling with selectively infrared-emitting gases
journal, January 1984

Amplified radiative cooling via optimised combinations of aperture geometry and spectral emittance profiles of surfaces and the atmosphere
journal, September 2009

Directional spectral emissivities of clear skies
journal, October 2003

Optical and thermal filtering nanoporous materials for sub-ambient radiative cooling
journal, June 2018

A review of clear sky radiative cooling developments and applications in renewable power systems and passive building cooling
journal, May 2018

Radiative cooling with selectively infrared‐emitting ammonia gas
journal, August 1982

Nanoporous polyethylene microfibres for large-scale radiative cooling fabric
journal, February 2018

Radiation cooling of buildings at night
journal, October 1979

Natural convection in an internally finned phase change material heat sink for the thermal management of photovoltaics
journal, July 2011

Passive radiative cooling below ambient air temperature under direct sunlight
journal, November 2014

Passive directional sub-ambient daytime radiative cooling
journal, November 2018

Review of research on air-conditioning systems and indoor air quality control for human health
journal, January 2009

Characterization of silicon oxynitride multilayered systems for passive radiative cooling application
journal, August 1995

Summary of results from the spectral and angular sky radiation measurement program
journal, January 1984

Thermal management systems for Photovoltaics (PV) installations: A critical review
journal, November 2013

Effective, angle-independent radiative cooler based on one-dimensional photonic crystal
journal, January 2018