Geometric imaging of borophene polymorphs with functionalized probes
Abstract
A common characteristic of borophene polymorphs is the presence of hollow hexagons (HHs) in an otherwise triangular lattice. The vast number of possible HH arrangements underlies the polymorphic nature of borophene, and necessitates direct HH imaging to definitively identify its atomic structure. While borophene has been imaged with scanning tunneling microscopy using conventional metal probes, the convolution of topographic and electronic features hinders unambiguous identification of the atomic lattice. Here, we overcome these limitations by employing CO-functionalized atomic force microscopy to visualize structures corresponding to boron-boron covalent bonds. Additionally, we show that CO-functionalized scanning tunneling microscopy is an equivalent and more accessible technique for HH imaging, confirming the v1/5 and v1/6 borophene models as unifying structures for all observed phases. Using this methodology, a borophene phase diagram is assembled, including a transition from rotationally commensurate to incommensurate phases at high growth temperatures, thus corroborating the chemically discrete nature of borophene.
- Authors:
-
[1];
[1]
- Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States)
- Rice Univ., Houston, TX (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Rice Univ., Houston, TX (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1611844
- Grant/Contract Number:
- SC0012547
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Nature Communications
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 10; Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 2041-1723
- Publisher:
- Nature Publishing Group
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY; Science & Technology - Other Topics
Citation Formats
Liu, Xiaolong, Wang, Luqing, Li, Shaowei, Rahn, Matthew S., Yakobson, Boris I., and Hersam, Mark C. Geometric imaging of borophene polymorphs with functionalized probes. United States: N. p., 2019.
Web. doi:10.1038/s41467-019-09686-w.
Liu, Xiaolong, Wang, Luqing, Li, Shaowei, Rahn, Matthew S., Yakobson, Boris I., & Hersam, Mark C. Geometric imaging of borophene polymorphs with functionalized probes. United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-09686-w
Liu, Xiaolong, Wang, Luqing, Li, Shaowei, Rahn, Matthew S., Yakobson, Boris I., and Hersam, Mark C. Tue .
"Geometric imaging of borophene polymorphs with functionalized probes". United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-09686-w. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1611844.
@article{osti_1611844,
title = {Geometric imaging of borophene polymorphs with functionalized probes},
author = {Liu, Xiaolong and Wang, Luqing and Li, Shaowei and Rahn, Matthew S. and Yakobson, Boris I. and Hersam, Mark C.},
abstractNote = {A common characteristic of borophene polymorphs is the presence of hollow hexagons (HHs) in an otherwise triangular lattice. The vast number of possible HH arrangements underlies the polymorphic nature of borophene, and necessitates direct HH imaging to definitively identify its atomic structure. While borophene has been imaged with scanning tunneling microscopy using conventional metal probes, the convolution of topographic and electronic features hinders unambiguous identification of the atomic lattice. Here, we overcome these limitations by employing CO-functionalized atomic force microscopy to visualize structures corresponding to boron-boron covalent bonds. Additionally, we show that CO-functionalized scanning tunneling microscopy is an equivalent and more accessible technique for HH imaging, confirming the v1/5 and v1/6 borophene models as unifying structures for all observed phases. Using this methodology, a borophene phase diagram is assembled, including a transition from rotationally commensurate to incommensurate phases at high growth temperatures, thus corroborating the chemically discrete nature of borophene.},
doi = {10.1038/s41467-019-09686-w},
journal = {Nature Communications},
number = 1,
volume = 10,
place = {United States},
year = {Tue Apr 09 00:00:00 EDT 2019},
month = {Tue Apr 09 00:00:00 EDT 2019}
}
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