Experimental assessment of antimony (Sb) in pure uranium for immobilizing fission product lanthanides

Zhuo, Weiqian; Xie, Yi; Benson, Michael T.; Wu, Huali; Mariani, Robert D.; Zhang, Jinsuo

doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2020.152135

Title: Experimental assessment of antimony (Sb) in pure uranium for immobilizing fission product lanthanides

Abstract

The use of fuel additives is one of the concepts to mitigate fuel cladding chemical interaction (FCCI) for metallic fuel because fission product lanthanides are expected to be immobilized by the additive. Antimony (Sb) has been discovered to be a good candidate in UZr fuel. The present study focuses on its mechanism for immobilization in pure uranium, U–4Sb alloy was fabricated to understand the Sb behavior, while U–4Sb–4Ce was fabricated to simulate the case when lanthanides are generated. Both of the as-cast and annealed samples were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). U–Sb precipitates are formed in U–4Sb alloy, while U–Sb and Ce–Sb were found in U–4Sb–4Ce alloy, thermal exposure does not change the Sb-precipitation morphologies or chemical composition. Furthermore, diffusion couple tests between those alloys and cladding materials (Fe or HT9) under 650 °C for 500 h were performed and analyzed using SEM/EDS. Diffusion couple tests demonstrate the reaction between cladding and uranium, while no reaction between Sb-precipitations and cladding materials was found.

Authors:

^[1]; Xie, Yi ^[2]; Benson, Michael T. ^[2]; Wu, Huali ^[1]; Mariani, Robert D. ^[2]; Zhang, Jinsuo ^[1]

Virginia Polytechnic Inst. and State Univ. (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, VA (United States)
Idaho National Lab. (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States)

Publication Date:: Mon Apr 06 00:00:00 EDT 2020

Research Org.:: Idaho National Laboratory (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States); Virginia Polytechnic Inst. and State Univ. (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, VA (United States); The Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Nuclear Energy (NE)

OSTI Identifier:: 1608935

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1615384

Grant/Contract Number:: AC07-05ID14517; NE0008574

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Journal of Nuclear Materials

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 534; Journal Issue: C; Journal ID: ISSN 0022-3115

Publisher:: Elsevier

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS; Metal fuel; Additive antimony; Diffusion couple tests; SEM/EDS

Citation Formats


                    Zhuo, Weiqian, Xie, Yi, Benson, Michael T., Wu, Huali, Mariani, Robert D., and Zhang, Jinsuo. Experimental assessment of antimony (Sb) in pure uranium for immobilizing fission product lanthanides.  United States: N. p., 2020. 
Web.  doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2020.152135.

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                    Zhuo, Weiqian, Xie, Yi, Benson, Michael T., Wu, Huali, Mariani, Robert D., & Zhang, Jinsuo. Experimental assessment of antimony (Sb) in pure uranium for immobilizing fission product lanthanides.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2020.152135

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                    Zhuo, Weiqian, Xie, Yi, Benson, Michael T., Wu, Huali, Mariani, Robert D., and Zhang, Jinsuo. Mon .  
"Experimental assessment of antimony (Sb) in pure uranium for immobilizing fission product lanthanides".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2020.152135.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1608935.

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@article{osti_1608935,

  title        = {Experimental assessment of antimony (Sb) in pure uranium for immobilizing fission product lanthanides},

  author       = {Zhuo, Weiqian and Xie, Yi and Benson, Michael T. and Wu, Huali and Mariani, Robert D. and Zhang, Jinsuo},

  abstractNote = {The use of fuel additives is one of the concepts to mitigate fuel cladding chemical interaction (FCCI) for metallic fuel because fission product lanthanides are expected to be immobilized by the additive. Antimony (Sb) has been discovered to be a good candidate in UZr fuel. The present study focuses on its mechanism for immobilization in pure uranium, U–4Sb alloy was fabricated to understand the Sb behavior, while U–4Sb–4Ce was fabricated to simulate the case when lanthanides are generated. Both of the as-cast and annealed samples were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). U–Sb precipitates are formed in U–4Sb alloy, while U–Sb and Ce–Sb were found in U–4Sb–4Ce alloy, thermal exposure does not change the Sb-precipitation morphologies or chemical composition. Furthermore, diffusion couple tests between those alloys and cladding materials (Fe or HT9) under 650 °C for 500 h were performed and analyzed using SEM/EDS. Diffusion couple tests demonstrate the reaction between cladding and uranium, while no reaction between Sb-precipitations and cladding materials was found.},

  doi          = {10.1016/j.jnucmat.2020.152135},

  journal      = {Journal of Nuclear Materials},

  number       = C,

  volume       = 534,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Mon Apr 06 00:00:00 EDT 2020},

  month        = {Mon Apr 06 00:00:00 EDT 2020}

}

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Title: Experimental assessment of antimony (Sb) in pure uranium for immobilizing fission product lanthanides

Abstract

Citation Formats

Fuel-Cladding Chemical Interaction in U-Pu-Zr Metallic Fuels: A Critical Review journal, June 2017

Scanning electron microscopy examination of a Fast Flux Test Facility irradiated U-10Zr fuel cross section clad with HT-9 journal, October 2017

Thermodynamic stability studies of Ce-Sb compounds with Fe journal, February 2018

Diffusion behavior in an interface between U–10Zr alloy and HT-9 steel journal, December 2009

Experimental Investigation of FCCI Using Diffusion Couple Test Between UZr Fuel with Sb Additive and Cladding journal, February 2020

Tutorial Review: X-ray Mapping in Electron-Beam Instruments journal, January 2006

Micro-structural characterization of laboratory heats of the Ferric/Martensitic steels HT-9 and T91 journal, August 2010

Interdiffusion between U-Zr fuel and selected Fe-Ni-Cr alloys journal, April 1993

Diffusion behavior of lanthanide-additive compounds (Ce4Sb3, Ce2Sb, and CeTe) against HT9 and Fe journal, April 2019

Lattice dynamics of cubic Laves phase ferromagnets journal, November 1998

A characteristic dislocation network resulting from the diffusion of antimony into iron single crystals journal, August 1976

Characterization of U-Zr fuel with alloying additive Sb for immobilizing fission product lanthanides journal, January 2018

Interdiffusion between U-Zr fuelvs selected cladding steels journal, August 1994

Oxide-Metal Core Is Possible Transition to the Metal Fuel Core for Fast Reactors of the BN-Type journal, January 2013

Metallic fast reactor fuels journal, January 1997

Magnetism of a new U-Sb phase: U5Sb4 journal, November 1994

Intermetallic formation and interdiffusion in diffusion couples made of uranium and single crystal iron journal, December 2015

SEM characterization of two advanced fuel alloys: U-10Zr-4.3Sn and U-10Zr-4.3Sn-4.7Ln journal, October 2017

Performance of HT9 clad metallic fuel at high temperature journal, September 1993

Assessment of Te as a U-Zr fuel additive to mitigate fuel-cladding chemical interactions journal, January 2019

Ce-Sb (cerium-antimony) journal, January 2001

Laves phases of uranium and 3d transition metals journal, November 1976

Lanthanides in metallic nuclear fuels: Their behavior and methods for their control journal, December 2011

Ion‐beam investigation of Sb diffusion and solubility in Fe journal, June 1978

Lanthanide migration and immobilization in metallic fuels journal, November 2018

Some results of Developments and Investigations of Fuel Pins with Metal Fuel for Heterogeneous Core of Fast Reactors of the BN-type journal, January 2011

Characterization of U-10Zr-2Sn-2Sb and U-10Zr-2Sn-2Sb-4Ln to assess Sn+Sb as a mixed additive system to bind lanthanides journal, November 2018

Performing elemental microanalysis with high accuracy and high precision by scanning electron microscopy/silicon drift detector energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM/SDD-EDS) journal, November 2014

Interdiffusion and reaction between uranium and iron journal, May 2012

Fuel-Cladding Chemical Interaction in U-Pu-Zr Metallic Fuels: A Critical Review
journal, June 2017

Scanning electron microscopy examination of a Fast Flux Test Facility irradiated U-10Zr fuel cross section clad with HT-9
journal, October 2017

Thermodynamic stability studies of Ce-Sb compounds with Fe
journal, February 2018

Diffusion behavior in an interface between U–10Zr alloy and HT-9 steel
journal, December 2009

Experimental Investigation of FCCI Using Diffusion Couple Test Between UZr Fuel with Sb Additive and Cladding
journal, February 2020

Tutorial Review: X-ray Mapping in Electron-Beam Instruments
journal, January 2006

Micro-structural characterization of laboratory heats of the Ferric/Martensitic steels HT-9 and T91
journal, August 2010

Interdiffusion between U-Zr fuel and selected Fe-Ni-Cr alloys
journal, April 1993

Diffusion behavior of lanthanide-additive compounds (Ce4Sb3, Ce2Sb, and CeTe) against HT9 and Fe
journal, April 2019

Lattice dynamics of cubic Laves phase ferromagnets
journal, November 1998

A characteristic dislocation network resulting from the diffusion of antimony into iron single crystals
journal, August 1976

Characterization of U-Zr fuel with alloying additive Sb for immobilizing fission product lanthanides
journal, January 2018

Interdiffusion between U-Zr fuelvs selected cladding steels
journal, August 1994

Oxide-Metal Core Is Possible Transition to the Metal Fuel Core for Fast Reactors of the BN-Type
journal, January 2013

Metallic fast reactor fuels
journal, January 1997

Magnetism of a new U-Sb phase: U5Sb4
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Intermetallic formation and interdiffusion in diffusion couples made of uranium and single crystal iron
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SEM characterization of two advanced fuel alloys: U-10Zr-4.3Sn and U-10Zr-4.3Sn-4.7Ln
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Performance of HT9 clad metallic fuel at high temperature
journal, September 1993

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journal, November 1976

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Ion‐beam investigation of Sb diffusion and solubility in Fe
journal, June 1978

Lanthanide migration and immobilization in metallic fuels
journal, November 2018

Some results of Developments and Investigations of Fuel Pins with Metal Fuel for Heterogeneous Core of Fast Reactors of the BN-type
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Characterization of U-10Zr-2Sn-2Sb and U-10Zr-2Sn-2Sb-4Ln to assess Sn+Sb as a mixed additive system to bind lanthanides
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Performing elemental microanalysis with high accuracy and high precision by scanning electron microscopy/silicon drift detector energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM/SDD-EDS)
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Interdiffusion and reaction between uranium and iron
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