Analytic description of primordial black hole formation from scalar field fragmentation

Cotner, Eric; Kusenko, Alexander; Sasaki, Misao; Takhistov, Volodymyr

doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2019/10/077

Title: Analytic description of primordial black hole formation from scalar field fragmentation

Abstract

We report that primordial black hole (PBH) formation is a more generic phenomenon than was once thought. The dynamics of a scalar field in inflationary universe can produce PBHs under mild assumptions regarding the scalar potential. In the early universe, light scalar fields develop large expectation values during inflation and subsequently relax to the minimum of the effective potential at a later time. During the relaxation process, an initially homogeneous scalar condensate can fragment into lumps via an instability similar to the gravitational (Jeans) instability, where the scalar self-interactions, rather than gravity, play the leading role. The fragmentation of the scalar field into lumps (e.g. Q-balls or oscillons) creates matter composed of relatively few heavy "particles", whose distribution is subject to significant fluctuations unconstrained by comic microwave background (CMB) observations and unrelated to the large-scale structure. If this matter component comes to temporarily dominate the energy density before the scalar lumps decay, PBHs can be efficiently produced during the temporary matter-dominated era. We develop a general analytic framework for description of PBH formation in this class of models. We highlight the differences between the scalar fragmentation scenario and other commonly considered PBH formation models. lASTLY, Given the existence of themore »« less

Authors:

Cotner, Eric ^[1]; Kusenko, Alexander ^[2]; Sasaki, Misao ^[3]; Takhistov, Volodymyr ^[4]

Univ. of California, Los Angeles, CA (United States); Advanced Analytics Center of Excellence, American Tire Distributors, Huntersville, NC (United States)
Univ. of California, Los Angeles, CA (United States); Univ. of Tokyo (Japan). Kavli Inst. for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI)
Univ. of Tokyo (Japan). Kavli Inst. for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI); Kyoto Univ. (Japan); National Taiwan Univ., Taipei (Taiwan)
Univ. of California, Los Angeles, CA (United States)

Publication Date:: Thu Oct 31 00:00:00 EDT 2019

Research Org.:: Univ. of California, Los Angeles, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP); Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS); National Science Foundation (NSF)

OSTI Identifier:: 1608335

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0009937; 15H05888; 15K21733; PHY-1607611

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 2019; Journal Issue: 10; Journal ID: ISSN 1475-7516

Publisher:: Institute of Physics (IOP)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS

Citation Formats


                    Cotner, Eric, Kusenko, Alexander, Sasaki, Misao, and Takhistov, Volodymyr. Analytic description of primordial black hole formation from scalar field fragmentation.  United States: N. p., 2019. 
Web.  doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2019/10/077.

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                    Cotner, Eric, Kusenko, Alexander, Sasaki, Misao, & Takhistov, Volodymyr. Analytic description of primordial black hole formation from scalar field fragmentation.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2019/10/077

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                    Cotner, Eric, Kusenko, Alexander, Sasaki, Misao, and Takhistov, Volodymyr. Thu .  
"Analytic description of primordial black hole formation from scalar field fragmentation".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2019/10/077.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1608335.

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@article{osti_1608335,

  title        = {Analytic description of primordial black hole formation from scalar field fragmentation},

  author       = {Cotner, Eric and Kusenko, Alexander and Sasaki, Misao and Takhistov, Volodymyr},

  abstractNote = {We report that primordial black hole (PBH) formation is a more generic phenomenon than was once thought. The dynamics of a scalar field in inflationary universe can produce PBHs under mild assumptions regarding the scalar potential. In the early universe, light scalar fields develop large expectation values during inflation and subsequently relax to the minimum of the effective potential at a later time. During the relaxation process, an initially homogeneous scalar condensate can fragment into lumps via an instability similar to the gravitational (Jeans) instability, where the scalar self-interactions, rather than gravity, play the leading role. The fragmentation of the scalar field into lumps (e.g. Q-balls or oscillons) creates matter composed of relatively few heavy "particles", whose distribution is subject to significant fluctuations unconstrained by comic microwave background (CMB) observations and unrelated to the large-scale structure. If this matter component comes to temporarily dominate the energy density before the scalar lumps decay, PBHs can be efficiently produced during the temporary matter-dominated era. We develop a general analytic framework for description of PBH formation in this class of models. We highlight the differences between the scalar fragmentation scenario and other commonly considered PBH formation models. lASTLY, Given the existence of the Higgs field and the preponderance of scalar fields within supersymmetric and other models of new physics, PBHs constitute an appealing and plausible candidate for dark matter.},

  doi          = {10.1088/1475-7516/2019/10/077},

  journal      = {Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics},

  number       = 10,

  volume       = 2019,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Thu Oct 31 00:00:00 EDT 2019},

  month        = {Thu Oct 31 00:00:00 EDT 2019}

}

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Black Holes in the Early Universe
journal, January 1974

Carr, Bernard J.; Hawking, Stephen W.
Symposium - International Astronomical Union, Vol. 64
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GW170104: Observation of a 50-Solar-Mass Binary Black Hole Coalescence at Redshift 0.2
other, January 2017

Abbott, B. P.; Abbott, R.; Abbott, T. D.
College Park, MD : American Physical Society
DOI: 10.15488/2101

Primordial Black Holes
text, January 2008

Khlopov, M. Yu.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.0801.0116

Oscillons After Inflation
text, January 2011

Amin, Mustafa A.; Easther, Richard; Finkel, Hal
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1106.3335

Correspondence of I- and Q-balls as Non-relativistic Condensates
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Mukaida, Kyohei; Takimoto, Masahiro
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1405.3233

End of inflation, oscillons and matter-antimatter asymmetry
text, January 2014

Lozanov, Kaloian D.; Amin, Mustafa A.
arXiv
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Did LIGO detect dark matter?
text, January 2016

Bird, Simeon; Cholis, Ilias; Muñoz, Julian B.
arXiv
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Black hole formation from axion stars
text, January 2016

Helfer, Thomas; Marsh, David J. E.; Clough, Katy
arXiv
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Inflationary primordial black holes for the LIGO gravitational wave events and pulsar timing array experiments
text, January 2016

Inomata, Keisuke; Kawasaki, Masahiro; Mukaida, Kyohei
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1611.06130

Primordial black holes from supersymmetry in the early universe
text, January 2016

Cotner, Eric; Kusenko, Alexander
arXiv
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A Preferred Mass Range for Primordial Black Hole Formation and Black Holes as Dark Matter Revisited
text, January 2017

Georg, Julian; Watson, Scott
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1703.04825

Gravitational Waves from Primordial Black Hole Mergers
text, January 2017

Raidal, Martti; Vaskonen, Ville; Veermäe, Hardi
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1707.01480

Transmuted Gravity Wave Signals from Primordial Black Holes
text, January 2017

Takhistov, Volodymyr
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1707.05849

Oscillons from String Moduli
text, January 2017

Antusch, Stefan; Cefala, Francesco; Krippendorf, Sven
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1708.08922

Hidden universality in the merger rate distribution in the primordial black hole scenario
text, January 2017

Kocsis, Bence; Suyama, Teruaki; Tanaka, Takahiro
arXiv
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A Cosmological Signature of the Standard Model Higgs Vacuum Instability: Primordial Black Holes as Dark Matter
text, January 2017

Espinosa, J. R.; Racco, D.; Riotto, A.
arXiv
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Double inflation as a single origin of primordial black holes for all dark matter and LIGO observations
text, January 2017

Inomata, Keisuke; Kawasaki, Masahiro; Mukaida, Kyohei
arXiv
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The abundance of primordial black holes depends on the shape of the inflationary power spectrum
text, January 2018

Germani, Cristiano; Musco, Ilia
arXiv
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Primordial Black Holes and the String Swampland
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Kawasaki, Masahiro; Takhistov, Volodymyr
arXiv
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Effect of Inhomogeneity on Primordial Black Hole Formation in the Matter Dominated Era
text, January 2018

Kokubu, Takafumi; Kyutoku, Koutarou; Kohri, Kazunori
arXiv
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Non-Linear Axion Dynamics and Formation of Cosmological Pseudo-Solitons
text, January 1993

Kolb, Edward W.; Tkachev, Igor I.
arXiv
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Gravitational Waves from Coalescing Black Hole MACHO Binaries
text, January 1997

Nakamura, Takashi; Sasaki, Misao; Tanaka, Takahiro
arXiv
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Oscillatons revisited
text, January 2001

Urena-Lopez, L. Arturo
arXiv
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Q-ball formation in the gravity-mediated SUSY breaking scenario
text, January 2000

Kasuya, S.; Kawasaki, M.
arXiv
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Q-ball Instability due to U(1) Breaking
text, January 2005

Kawasaki, Masahiro; Konya, Kenichiro; Takahashi, Fuminobu
arXiv
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Axion Miniclusters and Bose Stars
text, January 1993

Kolb, Edward W.; Tkachev, Igor I.
arXiv
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New physics in a nutshell, or Q-ball as a power plant
text, January 1997

Dvali, Gia; Kusenko, Alexander; Shaposhnikov, Mikhail
arXiv
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Supersymmetric Q-balls as dark matter
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Kusenko, Alexander; Shaposhnikov, Mikhail
arXiv
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Ibe, Masahiro; Kawasaki, Masahiro; Nakano, Wakutaka
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Q-ball instability due to $U (1)$ breaking
journal, July 2005

Kawasaki, Masahiro; Konya, Kenichiro; Takahashi, Fuminobu
Physics Letters B, Vol. 619, Issue 3-4
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Oscillatons revisited
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Ure$ntilde$a-L$oacute$pez, L. Arturo
Classical and Quantum Gravity, Vol. 19, Issue 10
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journal, October 2018

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Physical Review D, Vol. 98, Issue 8
DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.98.083513

Massive Primordial Black Holes from Hybrid Inflation as Dark Matter and the seeds of Galaxies
text, January 2015

Clesse, Sébastien; García-Bellido, Juan
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1501.07565

Gravitational waves from oscillons after inflation
text, January 2016

Antusch, Stefan; Cefala, Francesco; Orani, Stefano
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1607.01314

Primordial black holes from supersymmetry in the early universe
text, January 2016

Cotner, Eric; Kusenko, Alexander
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1612.02529

New X-ray bound on density of primordial black holes
text, January 2017

Inoue, Yoshiyuki; Kusenko, Alexander
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1705.00791

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text, January 2005

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arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/0507225

Simulations of Q-Ball Formation
text, January 2002

Multamaki, T.; Vilja, I.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.hep-ph/0203195

Axion Miniclusters and Bose Stars
text, January 1993

Kolb, Edward W.; Tkachev, Igor I.
arXiv
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Works referencing / citing this record:

Mass bound for primordial black hole from trans-Planckian censorship conjecture
journal, February 2020

Cai, Rong-Gen; Wang, Shao-Jiang
Physical Review D, Vol. 101, Issue 4
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Clustering of primordial black holes formed in a matter-dominated epoch
journal, December 2019

Matsubara, Takahiko; Terada, Takahiro; Kohri, Kazunori
Physical Review D, Vol. 100, Issue 12
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Mass bound for primordial black hole from trans-Planckian censorship conjecture
text, January 2019

Cai, Rong-Gen; Wang, Shao-Jiang
arXiv
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Gravitational effects on oscillon lifetimes
journal, March 2021

Zhang, Hong-Yi
Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, Vol. 2021, Issue 03
DOI: 10.1088/1475-7516/2021/03/102

Classical Decay Rates of Oscillons
text, January 2020

Zhang, Hong-Yi; Amin, Mustafa A.; Copeland, Edmund J.
arXiv
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The art of simulating the early Universe -- Part I
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Figueroa, Daniel G.; Florio, Adrien; Torrenti, Francisco
arXiv
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Stability of regular black holes and other compact objects with a charged de Sitter core and a surface matter layer
text, January 2020

Masa, Angel D. D.; de Oliveira, Enesson S.; Zanchin, Vilson T.
arXiv
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Charge-Swapping Q-balls and Their Lifetimes
text, January 2021

Xie, Qi-Xin; Saffin, Paul M.; Zhou, Shuang-Yong
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Title: Analytic description of primordial black hole formation from scalar field fragmentation

Abstract

Citation Formats

I-balls journal, May 2003

Decay of the true vacuum in curved space-time journal, August 1987

Primordial black holes as dark matter journal, October 2016

Black Holes in the Early Universe journal, August 1974

Equilibrium state of a self-interacting scalar field in the de Sitter background journal, November 1994

Primordial black holes—perspectives in gravitational wave astronomy journal, February 2018

Baryogenesis from the gauge-mediation type Q -ball and the new type of Q -ball as the dark matter journal, May 2014

Nonlinear axion dynamics and the formation of cosmological pseudosolitons journal, May 1994

Positrons from primordial black hole microquasars and gamma-ray bursts journal, February 2019

Gravitational instability of scalar fields and formation of primordial black holes journal, August 1985

A preferred mass range for primordial black hole formation and black holes as dark matter revisited journal, September 2017

MSSM dark matter constraints and decaying B-balls journal, November 1998

Primordial Black Holes and r -Process Nucleosynthesis journal, August 2017

Origin of the matter-antimatter asymmetry journal, December 2003

Primordial Black Holes conference, December 2018

Solitons in the supersymmetric extensions of the standard model journal, July 1997

Astrophysical bounds on supersymmetric dark-matter Q-balls journal, August 2005

Black hole formation from axion stars journal, March 2017

Transmuted gravity wave signals from primordial black holes journal, July 2018

Oscillons: Resonant configurations during bubble collapse journal, August 1995

Density perturbations and black hole formation in hybrid inflation journal, November 1996

Gravitationally Collapsed Objects of Very Low Mass journal, April 1971

Q -ball formation in the gravity-mediated SUSY breaking scenario journal, June 2000

Gravitational wave signatures of inflationary models from Primordial Black Hole dark matter journal, September 2017

Dense Axion Stars journal, September 2016

Primordial black holes for the LIGO events in the axionlike curvaton model text, January 2018

Primordial black holes as all dark matter journal, April 2010

Effect of inhomogeneity on primordial black hole formation in the matter dominated era journal, December 2018

Q -ball decay rates into gravitinos and quarks journal, January 2013

Axion miniclusters and Bose stars journal, November 1993

Supersymmetric Q-balls as dark matter journal, January 1998

Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Black Hole Merger journal, February 2016

GW170104: Observation of a 50-Solar-Mass Binary Black Hole Coalescence at Redshift 0.2 journal, June 2017

Nontopological solitons journal, November 1992

Q-ball instability due to U ( 1 ) breaking journal, July 2005

Erratum: Primordial Black Hole Scenario for the Gravitational-Wave Event GW150914 [Phys. Rev. Lett. 117 , 061101 (2016)] journal, July 2018

Scalaron from R 2 -gravity as a heavy field journal, May 2018

Primordial black holes from scalar field evolution in the early universe journal, November 2017

Adiabatic invariance of oscillons / I -balls journal, November 2015

Could supermassive black holes be quintessential primordial black holes? journal, September 2002

Primordial black holes as dark matter conference, January 2008

Systems of Self-Gravitating Particles in General Relativity and the Concept of an Equation of State journal, November 1969

Primordial Black Holes from Supersymmetry in the Early Universe journal, July 2017

Gravitational waves from primordial black hole mergers journal, September 2017

Coherent scalar-field oscillations in an expanding universe journal, September 1983

New physics in a nutshell, or Q-ball as a power plant journal, January 1998

Did LIGO Detect Dark Matter? journal, May 2016

Detecting the gravitational wave background from primordial black hole dark matter journal, December 2017

Oscillons after Inflation journal, June 2012

Q-balls journal, December 1985

Black holes in the early Universe journal, October 2012

Cosmology, primordial black holes, and supermassive particles journal, March 1985

Primordial black holes as generators of cosmic structures journal, May 2018

Simulations of Q-ball formation journal, May 2002

Astrophysical constraints on dark-matter Q -balls in the presence of baryon-violating operators journal, December 2016

Massive primordial black holes from hybrid inflation as dark matter and the seeds of galaxies journal, July 2015

Primordial black holes journal, May 2010

Evolution of Isocurvature Perturbations ii: Radiation-Dust Universe journal, April 1987

Erratum: Spins of primordial black holes formed in the matter-dominated phase of the Universe [Phys. Rev. D 96 , 083517 (2017)] journal, March 2019

Scalar field fluctuations in the expanding universe and the new inflationary universe scenario journal, October 1982

Oscillons from string moduli journal, January 2018

Inflationary primordial black holes for the LIGO gravitational wave events and pulsar timing array experiments journal, June 2017

Primordial black holes for the LIGO events in the axionlike curvaton model journal, June 2018

Gravitational Waves from Coalescing Black Hole MACHO Binaries journal, October 1997

Correspondence of I- and Q-balls as non-relativistic condensates journal, August 2014

Flat directions in the scalar potential of the supersymmetric standard model journal, May 1996

Primordial black holes as dark matter in supergravity inflation models journal, October 2016

Hidden Universality in the Merger Rate Distribution in the Primordial Black Hole Scenario journal, February 2018

Fine structure of oscillons in the spherically symmetric φ 4 Klein-Gordon model journal, April 2002

Erratum: Gravitational Waves from Oscillons after Inflation [Phys. Rev. Lett. 118 , 011303 (2017)] journal, May 2018

Inflationary primordial black holes as all dark matter journal, August 2017

Gravitational waves from primordial black holes collisions in binary systems journal, July 2018

End of inflation, oscillons, and matter-antimatter asymmetry journal, October 2014

GW151226: Observation of Gravitational Waves from a 22-Solar-Mass Binary Black Hole Coalescence journal, June 2016

Oscillatons revisited journal, April 2002

Decaying particles do not ‘‘heat up’’ the Universe journal, February 1985

Cosmological Signature of the Standard Model Higgs Vacuum Instability: Primordial Black Holes as Dark Matter journal, March 2018

I-balls
journal, May 2003

Decay of the true vacuum in curved space-time
journal, August 1987

Primordial black holes as dark matter
journal, October 2016

Black Holes in the Early Universe
journal, August 1974

Equilibrium state of a self-interacting scalar field in the de Sitter background
journal, November 1994

Primordial black holes—perspectives in gravitational wave astronomy
journal, February 2018

Baryogenesis from the gauge-mediation type $Q$ -ball and the new type of $Q$ -ball as the dark matter
journal, May 2014

Nonlinear axion dynamics and the formation of cosmological pseudosolitons
journal, May 1994

Positrons from primordial black hole microquasars and gamma-ray bursts
journal, February 2019

Gravitational instability of scalar fields and formation of primordial black holes
journal, August 1985

A preferred mass range for primordial black hole formation and black holes as dark matter revisited
journal, September 2017

MSSM dark matter constraints and decaying B-balls
journal, November 1998

Primordial Black Holes and $r$ -Process Nucleosynthesis
journal, August 2017

Origin of the matter-antimatter asymmetry
journal, December 2003

Primordial Black Holes
conference, December 2018

Solitons in the supersymmetric extensions of the standard model
journal, July 1997

Astrophysical bounds on supersymmetric dark-matter Q-balls
journal, August 2005

Black hole formation from axion stars
journal, March 2017

Transmuted gravity wave signals from primordial black holes
journal, July 2018

Oscillons: Resonant configurations during bubble collapse
journal, August 1995

Density perturbations and black hole formation in hybrid inflation
journal, November 1996

Gravitationally Collapsed Objects of Very Low Mass
journal, April 1971

$Q$ -ball formation in the gravity-mediated SUSY breaking scenario
journal, June 2000

Gravitational wave signatures of inflationary models from Primordial Black Hole dark matter
journal, September 2017

Dense Axion Stars
journal, September 2016

Primordial black holes for the LIGO events in the axionlike curvaton model
text, January 2018

Primordial black holes as all dark matter
journal, April 2010

Effect of inhomogeneity on primordial black hole formation in the matter dominated era
journal, December 2018

$Q$ -ball decay rates into gravitinos and quarks
journal, January 2013

Axion miniclusters and Bose stars
journal, November 1993

Supersymmetric Q-balls as dark matter
journal, January 1998

Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Black Hole Merger
journal, February 2016

GW170104: Observation of a 50-Solar-Mass Binary Black Hole Coalescence at Redshift 0.2
journal, June 2017

Nontopological solitons
journal, November 1992

Q-ball instability due to $U (1)$ breaking
journal, July 2005

Erratum: Primordial Black Hole Scenario for the Gravitational-Wave Event GW150914 [Phys. Rev. Lett. 117 , 061101 (2016)]
journal, July 2018

Scalaron from R ² -gravity as a heavy field
journal, May 2018

Primordial black holes from scalar field evolution in the early universe
journal, November 2017

Adiabatic invariance of $oscillons / I$ -balls
journal, November 2015

Could supermassive black holes be quintessential primordial black holes?
journal, September 2002

Primordial black holes as dark matter
conference, January 2008

Systems of Self-Gravitating Particles in General Relativity and the Concept of an Equation of State
journal, November 1969

Primordial Black Holes from Supersymmetry in the Early Universe
journal, July 2017

Gravitational waves from primordial black hole mergers
journal, September 2017

Coherent scalar-field oscillations in an expanding universe
journal, September 1983

New physics in a nutshell, or Q-ball as a power plant
journal, January 1998

Did LIGO Detect Dark Matter?
journal, May 2016

Detecting the gravitational wave background from primordial black hole dark matter
journal, December 2017

Oscillons after Inflation
journal, June 2012

Q-balls
journal, December 1985

Black holes in the early Universe
journal, October 2012

Cosmology, primordial black holes, and supermassive particles
journal, March 1985

Primordial black holes as generators of cosmic structures
journal, May 2018

Simulations of Q-ball formation
journal, May 2002

Astrophysical constraints on dark-matter $Q$ -balls in the presence of baryon-violating operators
journal, December 2016

Massive primordial black holes from hybrid inflation as dark matter and the seeds of galaxies
journal, July 2015

Primordial black holes
journal, May 2010

Evolution of Isocurvature Perturbations ii: Radiation-Dust Universe
journal, April 1987

Erratum: Spins of primordial black holes formed in the matter-dominated phase of the Universe [Phys. Rev. D 96 , 083517 (2017)]
journal, March 2019

Scalar field fluctuations in the expanding universe and the new inflationary universe scenario
journal, October 1982

Oscillons from string moduli
journal, January 2018

Inflationary primordial black holes for the LIGO gravitational wave events and pulsar timing array experiments
journal, June 2017

Primordial black holes for the LIGO events in the axionlike curvaton model
journal, June 2018

Gravitational Waves from Coalescing Black Hole MACHO Binaries
journal, October 1997

Correspondence of I- and Q-balls as non-relativistic condensates
journal, August 2014

Flat directions in the scalar potential of the supersymmetric standard model
journal, May 1996

Primordial black holes as dark matter in supergravity inflation models
journal, October 2016

Hidden Universality in the Merger Rate Distribution in the Primordial Black Hole Scenario
journal, February 2018

Fine structure of oscillons in the spherically symmetric $φ^{4}$ Klein-Gordon model
journal, April 2002

Erratum: Gravitational Waves from Oscillons after Inflation [Phys. Rev. Lett. 118 , 011303 (2017)]
journal, May 2018

Inflationary primordial black holes as all dark matter
journal, August 2017

Gravitational waves from primordial black holes collisions in binary systems
journal, July 2018

End of inflation, oscillons, and matter-antimatter asymmetry
journal, October 2014

GW151226: Observation of Gravitational Waves from a 22-Solar-Mass Binary Black Hole Coalescence
journal, June 2016

Oscillatons revisited
journal, April 2002

Decaying particles do not ‘‘heat up’’ the Universe
journal, February 1985

Cosmological Signature of the Standard Model Higgs Vacuum Instability: Primordial Black Holes as Dark Matter
journal, March 2018

General relativistic boson stars
journal, September 2003

Combined boson-fermion stars: Configurations and stability
journal, June 1990

New X-ray bound on density of primordial black holes
journal, October 2017