Carbon footprint of global natural gas supplies to China

Gan, Yu; El-Houjeiri, Hassan M.; Badahdah, Alhassan; Lu, Zifeng; Cai, Hao; Przesmitzki, Steven; Wang, Michael

doi:10.1038/s41467-020-14606-4

Title: Carbon footprint of global natural gas supplies to China

Abstract

As natural gas demand surges in China, driven by the coal-to-gas switching policy, widespread attention is focused on its impacts on global gas supply-demand rebalance and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Here, for the first time, we estimate well-to-city-gate GHG emissions of gas supplies for China, based on analyses of field-specific characteristics of 104 fields in 15 countries. Results show GHG intensities of supplies from 104 fields vary from 6.2 to 43.3 g CO₂eq MJ^-1. Due to the increase of GHG-intensive gas supplies from Russia, Central Asia, and domestic shale gas fields, the supply-energy-weighted average GHG intensity is projected to increase from 21.7 in 2016 to 23.3 CO₂eq MJ^-1 in 2030, and total well-to-city-gate emissions of gas supplies are estimated to grow by ~3 times. While securing gas supply is a top priority for the Chinese government, decreasing GHG intensity should be considered in meeting its commitment to emission reductions.

Authors:

^[1]; El-Houjeiri, Hassan M. ^[2]; Badahdah, Alhassan ^[2]; Lu, Zifeng ^[1]; Cai, Hao ^[1]; Przesmitzki, Steven ^[2]; Wang, Michael ^[1]

Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Lemont, IL (United States)
Aramco Services Company, Novi, MI (United States). Aramco Research Center-Detroit

Publication Date:: Tue Feb 11 00:00:00 EST 2020

Research Org.:: Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE); Aramco Services Company, Novi, MI (United States)

OSTI Identifier:: 1607379

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Nature Communications

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 11; Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 2041-1723

Publisher:: Nature Publishing Group

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 03 NATURAL GAS

Citation Formats


                    Gan, Yu, El-Houjeiri, Hassan M., Badahdah, Alhassan, Lu, Zifeng, Cai, Hao, Przesmitzki, Steven, and Wang, Michael. Carbon footprint of global natural gas supplies to China.  United States: N. p., 2020. 
Web.  doi:10.1038/s41467-020-14606-4.

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                    Gan, Yu, El-Houjeiri, Hassan M., Badahdah, Alhassan, Lu, Zifeng, Cai, Hao, Przesmitzki, Steven, & Wang, Michael. Carbon footprint of global natural gas supplies to China.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-14606-4

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                    Gan, Yu, El-Houjeiri, Hassan M., Badahdah, Alhassan, Lu, Zifeng, Cai, Hao, Przesmitzki, Steven, and Wang, Michael. Tue .  
"Carbon footprint of global natural gas supplies to China".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-14606-4.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1607379.

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@article{osti_1607379,

  title        = {Carbon footprint of global natural gas supplies to China},

  author       = {Gan, Yu and El-Houjeiri, Hassan M. and Badahdah, Alhassan and Lu, Zifeng and Cai, Hao and Przesmitzki, Steven and Wang, Michael},

  abstractNote = {As natural gas demand surges in China, driven by the coal-to-gas switching policy, widespread attention is focused on its impacts on global gas supply-demand rebalance and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Here, for the first time, we estimate well-to-city-gate GHG emissions of gas supplies for China, based on analyses of field-specific characteristics of 104 fields in 15 countries. Results show GHG intensities of supplies from 104 fields vary from 6.2 to 43.3 g CO2eq MJ-1. Due to the increase of GHG-intensive gas supplies from Russia, Central Asia, and domestic shale gas fields, the supply-energy-weighted average GHG intensity is projected to increase from 21.7 in 2016 to 23.3 CO2eq MJ-1 in 2030, and total well-to-city-gate emissions of gas supplies are estimated to grow by ~3 times. While securing gas supply is a top priority for the Chinese government, decreasing GHG intensity should be considered in meeting its commitment to emission reductions.},

  doi          = {10.1038/s41467-020-14606-4},

  journal      = {Nature Communications},

  number       = 1,

  volume       = 11,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Tue Feb 11 00:00:00 EST 2020},

  month        = {Tue Feb 11 00:00:00 EST 2020}

}

Copy to clipboard

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Title: Carbon footprint of global natural gas supplies to China

Abstract

Citation Formats

Uncertainty in Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions from United States Natural Gas End-Uses and its Effects on Policy journal, October 2011

Shale-to-well energy use and air pollutant emissions of shale gas production in China journal, July 2014

Characterizing Regional Methane Emissions from Natural Gas Liquid Unloading journal, March 2019

Air quality–carbon–water synergies and trade-offs in China’s natural gas industry journal, September 2018

Estimating methane releases from natural gas production and transmission in Russia journal, September 1999

Emerging Shale Gas Revolution in China journal, November 2012

Forecasting natural gas supply in China: Production peak and import trends journal, October 2012

Low methane leakage from gas pipelines journal, April 2005

Life cycle greenhouse gas emissions of Marcellus shale gas journal, July 2011

Can Switching from Coal to Shale Gas Bring Net Carbon Reductions to China? journal, February 2017

Comparative Life-Cycle Air Emissions of Coal, Domestic Natural Gas, LNG, and SNG for Electricity Generation journal, September 2007

Global carbon intensity of crude oil production journal, August 2018

Life-Cycle Greenhouse Gas Assessment of Nigerian Liquefied Natural Gas Addressing Uncertainty journal, February 2015

Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions From U.S. Liquefied Natural Gas Exports: Implications for End Uses journal, February 2015

The global carbon budget and the Paris agreement journal, May 2019

Natural gas supply-demand situation and prospect in China journal, October 2014

Life Cycle Assessment of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Marine Fuels: A Case Study of Saudi Crude Oil versus Natural Gas in Different Global Regions journal, March 2018

Methane Leaks from North American Natural Gas Systems journal, February 2014

Open-Source LCA Tool for Estimating Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Crude Oil Production Using Field Characteristics journal, May 2013

Future forecast for life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions of LNG and city gas 13A journal, November 2007

Well-to-refinery emissions and net-energy analysis of China’s crude-oil supply journal, February 2018

Future forecast for life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions of LNG and city gas 13A journal, November 2007

Can Switching from Coal to Shale Gas Bring Net Carbon Reductions to China? journal, February 2017

Characterizing Regional Methane Emissions from Natural Gas Liquid Unloading journal, March 2019

Comparative Life-Cycle Air Emissions of Coal, Domestic Natural Gas, LNG, and SNG for Electricity Generation journal, September 2007

Uncertainty in Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions from United States Natural Gas End-Uses and its Effects on Policy journal, October 2011

Open-Source LCA Tool for Estimating Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Crude Oil Production Using Field Characteristics journal, May 2013

Life-Cycle Greenhouse Gas Assessment of Nigerian Liquefied Natural Gas Addressing Uncertainty journal, February 2015

Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions From U.S. Liquefied Natural Gas Exports: Implications for End Uses journal, February 2015

Low methane leakage from gas pipelines journal, April 2005

Well-to-refinery emissions and net-energy analysis of China’s crude-oil supply journal, February 2018

Life Cycle Assessment of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Marine Fuels: A Case Study of Saudi Crude Oil versus Natural Gas in Different Global Regions journal, March 2018

Methane Leaks from North American Natural Gas Systems journal, February 2014

Assessment of methane emissions from the U.S. oil and gas supply chain journal, June 2018

Uncertainty in Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions from United States Natural Gas End-Uses and its Effects on Policy
journal, October 2011

Shale-to-well energy use and air pollutant emissions of shale gas production in China
journal, July 2014

Characterizing Regional Methane Emissions from Natural Gas Liquid Unloading
journal, March 2019

Air quality–carbon–water synergies and trade-offs in China’s natural gas industry
journal, September 2018

Estimating methane releases from natural gas production and transmission in Russia
journal, September 1999

Emerging Shale Gas Revolution in China
journal, November 2012

Forecasting natural gas supply in China: Production peak and import trends
journal, October 2012

Low methane leakage from gas pipelines
journal, April 2005

Life cycle greenhouse gas emissions of Marcellus shale gas
journal, July 2011

Can Switching from Coal to Shale Gas Bring Net Carbon Reductions to China?
journal, February 2017

Comparative Life-Cycle Air Emissions of Coal, Domestic Natural Gas, LNG, and SNG for Electricity Generation
journal, September 2007

Global carbon intensity of crude oil production
journal, August 2018

Life-Cycle Greenhouse Gas Assessment of Nigerian Liquefied Natural Gas Addressing Uncertainty
journal, February 2015

Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions From U.S. Liquefied Natural Gas Exports: Implications for End Uses
journal, February 2015

The global carbon budget and the Paris agreement
journal, May 2019

Natural gas supply-demand situation and prospect in China
journal, October 2014

Life Cycle Assessment of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Marine Fuels: A Case Study of Saudi Crude Oil versus Natural Gas in Different Global Regions
journal, March 2018

Methane Leaks from North American Natural Gas Systems
journal, February 2014

Open-Source LCA Tool for Estimating Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Crude Oil Production Using Field Characteristics
journal, May 2013

Future forecast for life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions of LNG and city gas 13A
journal, November 2007

Well-to-refinery emissions and net-energy analysis of China’s crude-oil supply
journal, February 2018

Future forecast for life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions of LNG and city gas 13A
journal, November 2007

Can Switching from Coal to Shale Gas Bring Net Carbon Reductions to China?
journal, February 2017

Characterizing Regional Methane Emissions from Natural Gas Liquid Unloading
journal, March 2019

Comparative Life-Cycle Air Emissions of Coal, Domestic Natural Gas, LNG, and SNG for Electricity Generation
journal, September 2007

Uncertainty in Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions from United States Natural Gas End-Uses and its Effects on Policy
journal, October 2011

Open-Source LCA Tool for Estimating Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Crude Oil Production Using Field Characteristics
journal, May 2013

Life-Cycle Greenhouse Gas Assessment of Nigerian Liquefied Natural Gas Addressing Uncertainty
journal, February 2015

Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions From U.S. Liquefied Natural Gas Exports: Implications for End Uses
journal, February 2015

Low methane leakage from gas pipelines
journal, April 2005

Well-to-refinery emissions and net-energy analysis of China’s crude-oil supply
journal, February 2018

Life Cycle Assessment of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Marine Fuels: A Case Study of Saudi Crude Oil versus Natural Gas in Different Global Regions
journal, March 2018

Methane Leaks from North American Natural Gas Systems
journal, February 2014

Assessment of methane emissions from the U.S. oil and gas supply chain
journal, June 2018