Effect of preheat temperature and post-process treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of stainless steel 410 made via ultrasonic additive manufacturing

Han, Tianyang; Kuo, Chih-Hsiang (Sean); Niyanth S, Niyanth; Headings, Leon M.; Babu, Sudarsanam; Dapino, M.J.

doi:10.1016/j.msea.2019.138457

Title: Effect of preheat temperature and post-process treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of stainless steel 410 made via ultrasonic additive manufacturing

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Abstract

Ultrasonic additive manufacturing (UAM) is a solid-state manufacturing technology for producing near-net shape metallic parts combining additive ultrasonic metal welding and subtractive machining. Even though UAM has been demonstrated to produce robust metal builds in Al–Al, Al–Ti, Al-steel, Cu–Cu, Al–Cu, and other material systems, UAM welding of high strength steels has proven challenging. This study investigates process and post-processing methods to improve UAM steel weld quality and demonstrates the UAM fabrication of stainless steel 410 (SS 410) builds which possess, after post-processing, mechanical properties comparable with bulk material. Unlike UAM fabrication of softer metals, this study shows that increasing the baseplate temperature from 38°C (100°F) to 204°C (400°F) improves interfacial strength and structural homogeneity of the UAM steel samples. Further improvement in strength is achieved through post-processing. The hot isostatic pressing (HIP) post treatment improves the shear strength of UAM samples to 344 MPa from 154 MPa for as-welded samples. Microstructural analyses with SEM and EBSD show no evidence of body centered cubic (BCC) ferrite to face centered cubic (FCC) austenite transformation taking place during UAM welding of SS 410. The weld quality improvement of UAM steel at higher baseplate temperatures is believed to be caused by the reduction ofmore »« less

Authors:

Han, Tianyang ^[1]; Kuo, Chih-Hsiang ^[2];

^[3]; Headings, Leon M. ^[1]; Babu, Sudarsanam ^[3]; Dapino, M.J. ^[1]

The Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH (United States)
(Sean) [Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)
Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States); Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Publication Date:: Sat Sep 28 00:00:00 EDT 2019

Research Org.:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Energy Efficiency Office. Advanced Manufacturing Office

OSTI Identifier:: 1607229

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1570022

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Materials Science and Engineering. A, Structural Materials: Properties, Microstructure and Processing

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 769; Journal Issue: C; Journal ID: ISSN 0921-5093

Publisher:: Elsevier

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; ultrasonic additive manufacturing; stainless steel; shear test; hot isostatic pressing; recrystallization; electron backscatter diffraction

Citation Formats


                    Han, Tianyang, Kuo, Chih-Hsiang, Niyanth S, Niyanth, Headings, Leon M., Babu, Sudarsanam, and Dapino, M.J. Effect of preheat temperature and post-process treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of stainless steel 410 made via ultrasonic additive manufacturing.  United States: N. p., 2019. 
Web.  doi:10.1016/j.msea.2019.138457.

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                    Han, Tianyang, Kuo, Chih-Hsiang, Niyanth S, Niyanth, Headings, Leon M., Babu, Sudarsanam, & Dapino, M.J. Effect of preheat temperature and post-process treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of stainless steel 410 made via ultrasonic additive manufacturing.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2019.138457

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                    Han, Tianyang, Kuo, Chih-Hsiang, Niyanth S, Niyanth, Headings, Leon M., Babu, Sudarsanam, and Dapino, M.J. Sat .  
"Effect of preheat temperature and post-process treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of stainless steel 410 made via ultrasonic additive manufacturing".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2019.138457.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1607229.

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@article{osti_1607229,

  title        = {Effect of preheat temperature and post-process treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of stainless steel 410 made via ultrasonic additive manufacturing},

  author       = {Han, Tianyang and Kuo, Chih-Hsiang and Niyanth S, Niyanth and Headings, Leon M. and Babu, Sudarsanam and Dapino, M.J.},

  abstractNote = {Ultrasonic additive manufacturing (UAM) is a solid-state manufacturing technology for producing near-net shape metallic parts combining additive ultrasonic metal welding and subtractive machining. Even though UAM has been demonstrated to produce robust metal builds in Al–Al, Al–Ti, Al-steel, Cu–Cu, Al–Cu, and other material systems, UAM welding of high strength steels has proven challenging. This study investigates process and post-processing methods to improve UAM steel weld quality and demonstrates the UAM fabrication of stainless steel 410 (SS 410) builds which possess, after post-processing, mechanical properties comparable with bulk material. Unlike UAM fabrication of softer metals, this study shows that increasing the baseplate temperature from 38°C (100°F) to 204°C (400°F) improves interfacial strength and structural homogeneity of the UAM steel samples. Further improvement in strength is achieved through post-processing. The hot isostatic pressing (HIP) post treatment improves the shear strength of UAM samples to 344 MPa from 154 MPa for as-welded samples. Microstructural analyses with SEM and EBSD show no evidence of body centered cubic (BCC) ferrite to face centered cubic (FCC) austenite transformation taking place during UAM welding of SS 410. The weld quality improvement of UAM steel at higher baseplate temperatures is believed to be caused by the reduction of the yield strength of SS 410 at elevated temperature. Finaly, HIP treatment is shown to increase the overall hardness of UAM SS 410 from 204 ± 7 HV to 240 ± 16 HV due to the formation of local pockets of martensite. Nanohardness tests show that the top of layer n is harder than the bottom of layer n+1 due to grain boundary strengthening.},

  doi          = {10.1016/j.msea.2019.138457},

  journal      = {Materials Science and Engineering. A, Structural Materials: Properties, Microstructure and Processing},

  number       = C,

  volume       = 769,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Sat Sep 28 00:00:00 EDT 2019},

  month        = {Sat Sep 28 00:00:00 EDT 2019}

}

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