DOE PAGES title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information

Title: Material-Dependent Antagonistic Effects between Soot and ZDDP

Abstract

While soot in engine oil is known to accelerate the wear of diesel and gasoline direct-injection compression-ignition engines, there is a lack of consensus on the wear mechanism though various hypotheses have been proposed in the literature. Particularly, some recently observed antagonistic effects between soot and a common lubricant antiwear additive, zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP), while others did not. The discrepancy is, in part, explained by the strong alloy dependence of such antagonism discovered in this study. Specifically, four alloys, 52100 steel and M2, M50, and A2 tool steels, are tested in lubricants containing carbon black (CB, a soot surrogate) with and without ZDDP present. Adding the CB alone to the oil increases the wear rate for all steel alloys as expected. However, distinct wear performance is observed for the four steel alloys when ZDDP is introduced to the CB-containing oil: while the 52100 steel has notable wear reduction, the three tool steels suffer significant wear increase. Comprehensive tribofilm characterization suggests that the Mo content in the steel alloy and the sulfur from ZDDP strongly influence wear behavior. The combination of CB/Mo-catalyzed sulfidation and CB-accelerated abrasion is hypothesized to be responsible for the high wear of the Mo-alloyed tool steels.

Authors:
 [1]; ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [1]
  1. Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Materials Science & Technology Division
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences (CNMS)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Vehicle Technologies Office (EE-3V); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Scientific User Facilities Division
OSTI Identifier:
1606800
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1597158
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC05-00OR22725
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Advanced Materials Interfaces
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 7; Journal Issue: 6; Journal ID: ISSN 2196-7350
Publisher:
Wiley-VCH
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; carbon black; soot; steel alloys; tribocorrosion; wear; ZDDP

Citation Formats

Kumara, Chanaka, Meyer, III, Harry M., and Qu, Jun. Material-Dependent Antagonistic Effects between Soot and ZDDP. United States: N. p., 2020. Web. doi:10.1002/admi.201901956.
Kumara, Chanaka, Meyer, III, Harry M., & Qu, Jun. Material-Dependent Antagonistic Effects between Soot and ZDDP. United States. https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.201901956
Kumara, Chanaka, Meyer, III, Harry M., and Qu, Jun. Mon . "Material-Dependent Antagonistic Effects between Soot and ZDDP". United States. https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.201901956. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1606800.
@article{osti_1606800,
title = {Material-Dependent Antagonistic Effects between Soot and ZDDP},
author = {Kumara, Chanaka and Meyer, III, Harry M. and Qu, Jun},
abstractNote = {While soot in engine oil is known to accelerate the wear of diesel and gasoline direct-injection compression-ignition engines, there is a lack of consensus on the wear mechanism though various hypotheses have been proposed in the literature. Particularly, some recently observed antagonistic effects between soot and a common lubricant antiwear additive, zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP), while others did not. The discrepancy is, in part, explained by the strong alloy dependence of such antagonism discovered in this study. Specifically, four alloys, 52100 steel and M2, M50, and A2 tool steels, are tested in lubricants containing carbon black (CB, a soot surrogate) with and without ZDDP present. Adding the CB alone to the oil increases the wear rate for all steel alloys as expected. However, distinct wear performance is observed for the four steel alloys when ZDDP is introduced to the CB-containing oil: while the 52100 steel has notable wear reduction, the three tool steels suffer significant wear increase. Comprehensive tribofilm characterization suggests that the Mo content in the steel alloy and the sulfur from ZDDP strongly influence wear behavior. The combination of CB/Mo-catalyzed sulfidation and CB-accelerated abrasion is hypothesized to be responsible for the high wear of the Mo-alloyed tool steels.},
doi = {10.1002/admi.201901956},
journal = {Advanced Materials Interfaces},
number = 6,
volume = 7,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Feb 03 00:00:00 EST 2020},
month = {Mon Feb 03 00:00:00 EST 2020}
}

Journal Article:
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record

Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 4 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science

Save / Share:

Works referenced in this record:

Review of the lubrication of metallic surfaces by zinc dialkyl-dithiophosphates
journal, January 2005


The role of soot particles in the tribological behavior of engine lubricating oils
journal, July 2013


Molecular Mechanisms for the Functionality of Lubricant Additives
journal, March 2005


Mechanisms of antiwear tribofilm growth revealed in situ by single-asperity sliding contacts
journal, March 2015


Effects of Diesel Soot Composition and Accumulated Vehicle Mileage on Soot Oxidation Characteristics
journal, September 2016


Role of zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate in carbon black induced abrasive wear
journal, April 2017


Atom Probe Tomography Unveils Formation Mechanisms of Wear-Protective Tribofilms by ZDDP, Ionic Liquid, and Their Combination
journal, June 2017

  • Guo, Wei; Zhou, Yan; Sang, Xiahan
  • ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 9, Issue 27
  • DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b04719

Operando tribochemical formation of onion-like-carbon leads to macroscale superlubricity
journal, March 2018


Beneficial Effect of Carbon on Hydrotreating Catalysts
journal, November 2002

  • Glasson, Cécile; Geantet, Christophe; Lacroix, Michel
  • Journal of Catalysis, Vol. 212, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1006/jcat.2002.3781

Is Carbon Black a Suitable Model Colloidal Substrate for Diesel Soot?
journal, September 2015


Synergistic Interactions Between Silver and Palladium Nanoparticles in Lubrication
journal, July 2019

  • Kumara, Chanaka; Meyer, Harry M.; Qu, Jun
  • ACS Applied Nano Materials, Vol. 2, Issue 8
  • DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.9b01248

Tribofilms generated from ZDDP and DDP on steel surfaces: Part 1, growth, wear and morphology
journal, July 2005


Oil-Soluble Polymer Brush Grafted Nanoparticles as Effective Lubricant Additives for Friction and Wear Reduction
journal, June 2016

  • Wright, Roger A. E.; Wang, Kewei; Qu, Jun
  • Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 55, Issue 30
  • DOI: 10.1002/anie.201603663

The History and Mechanisms of ZDDP
journal, October 2004


Mechanical characterization of diesel soot nanoparticles: in situ compression in a transmission electron microscope and simulations
journal, January 2018

  • Jenei, Istvan Zoltan; Dassenoy, Fabrice; Epicier, Thierry
  • Nanotechnology, Vol. 29, Issue 8
  • DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aaa2aa

Effect of steel hardness on soot wear
journal, November 2017


The Role of Soot Aggregation on the Lubrication of Diesel Engines
journal, January 1995


The influence of soot and dispersant on ZDDP film thickness and friction
journal, November 2004

  • Ratoi, M.; Castle, R. C.; Bovington, C. H.
  • Lubrication Science, Vol. 17, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1002/ls.3010170103

Effects of carbon on the sulfidation and hydrodesulfurization of CoMo hydrating catalysts
journal, March 2009

  • Ge, Hui; Li, Xuekuan; Qin, Zhangfeng
  • Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, Vol. 26, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1007/s11814-009-0098-6

An analytical study of tribofilms generated by the interaction of ashless antiwear additives with ZDDP using XANES and nano-indentation
journal, February 2015


Antagonistic Interaction of Antiwear Additives and Carbon Black
journal, July 2009


Mechanism study on the sulfidation of ZnO with sulfur and iron oxide at high temperature
journal, February 2017

  • Han, Junwei; Liu, Wei; Zhang, Tianfu
  • Scientific Reports, Vol. 7, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1038/srep42536

Mechanical response of gasoline soot nanoparticles under compression: An in situ TEM study
journal, March 2019


Oil-Soluble Polymer Brush Grafted Nanoparticles as Effective Lubricant Additives for Friction and Wear Reduction
journal, June 2016