Material-Dependent Antagonistic Effects between Soot and ZDDP
Abstract
While soot in engine oil is known to accelerate the wear of diesel and gasoline direct-injection compression-ignition engines, there is a lack of consensus on the wear mechanism though various hypotheses have been proposed in the literature. Particularly, some recently observed antagonistic effects between soot and a common lubricant antiwear additive, zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP), while others did not. The discrepancy is, in part, explained by the strong alloy dependence of such antagonism discovered in this study. Specifically, four alloys, 52100 steel and M2, M50, and A2 tool steels, are tested in lubricants containing carbon black (CB, a soot surrogate) with and without ZDDP present. Adding the CB alone to the oil increases the wear rate for all steel alloys as expected. However, distinct wear performance is observed for the four steel alloys when ZDDP is introduced to the CB-containing oil: while the 52100 steel has notable wear reduction, the three tool steels suffer significant wear increase. Comprehensive tribofilm characterization suggests that the Mo content in the steel alloy and the sulfur from ZDDP strongly influence wear behavior. The combination of CB/Mo-catalyzed sulfidation and CB-accelerated abrasion is hypothesized to be responsible for the high wear of the Mo-alloyed tool steels.
- Authors:
-
- Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Materials Science & Technology Division
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences (CNMS)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Vehicle Technologies Office (EE-3V); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Scientific User Facilities Division
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1606800
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1597158
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC05-00OR22725
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Advanced Materials Interfaces
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 7; Journal Issue: 6; Journal ID: ISSN 2196-7350
- Publisher:
- Wiley-VCH
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; carbon black; soot; steel alloys; tribocorrosion; wear; ZDDP
Citation Formats
Kumara, Chanaka, Meyer, III, Harry M., and Qu, Jun. Material-Dependent Antagonistic Effects between Soot and ZDDP. United States: N. p., 2020.
Web. doi:10.1002/admi.201901956.
Kumara, Chanaka, Meyer, III, Harry M., & Qu, Jun. Material-Dependent Antagonistic Effects between Soot and ZDDP. United States. https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.201901956
Kumara, Chanaka, Meyer, III, Harry M., and Qu, Jun. Mon .
"Material-Dependent Antagonistic Effects between Soot and ZDDP". United States. https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.201901956. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1606800.
@article{osti_1606800,
title = {Material-Dependent Antagonistic Effects between Soot and ZDDP},
author = {Kumara, Chanaka and Meyer, III, Harry M. and Qu, Jun},
abstractNote = {While soot in engine oil is known to accelerate the wear of diesel and gasoline direct-injection compression-ignition engines, there is a lack of consensus on the wear mechanism though various hypotheses have been proposed in the literature. Particularly, some recently observed antagonistic effects between soot and a common lubricant antiwear additive, zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP), while others did not. The discrepancy is, in part, explained by the strong alloy dependence of such antagonism discovered in this study. Specifically, four alloys, 52100 steel and M2, M50, and A2 tool steels, are tested in lubricants containing carbon black (CB, a soot surrogate) with and without ZDDP present. Adding the CB alone to the oil increases the wear rate for all steel alloys as expected. However, distinct wear performance is observed for the four steel alloys when ZDDP is introduced to the CB-containing oil: while the 52100 steel has notable wear reduction, the three tool steels suffer significant wear increase. Comprehensive tribofilm characterization suggests that the Mo content in the steel alloy and the sulfur from ZDDP strongly influence wear behavior. The combination of CB/Mo-catalyzed sulfidation and CB-accelerated abrasion is hypothesized to be responsible for the high wear of the Mo-alloyed tool steels.},
doi = {10.1002/admi.201901956},
journal = {Advanced Materials Interfaces},
number = 6,
volume = 7,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Feb 03 00:00:00 EST 2020},
month = {Mon Feb 03 00:00:00 EST 2020}
}
Web of Science
Works referenced in this record:
Review of the lubrication of metallic surfaces by zinc dialkyl-dithiophosphates
journal, January 2005
- Nicholls, Mark A.; Do, Than; Norton, Peter R.
- Tribology International, Vol. 38, Issue 1
The role of soot particles in the tribological behavior of engine lubricating oils
journal, July 2013
- Hu, Enzhu; Hu, Xianguo; Liu, Tianxia
- Wear, Vol. 304, Issue 1-2
Molecular Mechanisms for the Functionality of Lubricant Additives
journal, March 2005
- Mosey, N. J.
- Science, Vol. 307, Issue 5715
Mechanisms of antiwear tribofilm growth revealed in situ by single-asperity sliding contacts
journal, March 2015
- Gosvami, N. N.; Bares, J. A.; Mangolini, F.
- Science, Vol. 348, Issue 6230
Effects of Diesel Soot Composition and Accumulated Vehicle Mileage on Soot Oxidation Characteristics
journal, September 2016
- Bagi, Sujay; Sharma, Vibhu; Patel, Mihir
- Energy & Fuels, Vol. 30, Issue 10
Characterization of ZDDP and ionic liquid tribofilms on non-metallic coatings providing insights of tribofilm formation mechanisms
journal, May 2015
- Qu, Jun; Meyer, Harry M.; Cai, Zhen-Bing
- Wear, Vol. 332-333
Role of zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate in carbon black induced abrasive wear
journal, April 2017
- Schilowitz, Alan M.; Konicek, Andrew R.
- Wear, Vol. 376-377
Tribological behavior and nature of tribofilms generated from fluorinated ZDDP in comparison to ZDDP under extreme pressure conditions—Part 1: Structure and chemistry of tribofilms
journal, March 2011
- Mourhatch, Ramoun; Aswath, Pranesh B.
- Tribology International, Vol. 44, Issue 3
Atom Probe Tomography Unveils Formation Mechanisms of Wear-Protective Tribofilms by ZDDP, Ionic Liquid, and Their Combination
journal, June 2017
- Guo, Wei; Zhou, Yan; Sang, Xiahan
- ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 9, Issue 27
Operando tribochemical formation of onion-like-carbon leads to macroscale superlubricity
journal, March 2018
- Berman, Diana; Narayanan, Badri; Cherukara, Mathew J.
- Nature Communications, Vol. 9, Issue 1
Beneficial Effect of Carbon on Hydrotreating Catalysts
journal, November 2002
- Glasson, Cécile; Geantet, Christophe; Lacroix, Michel
- Journal of Catalysis, Vol. 212, Issue 1
Is Carbon Black a Suitable Model Colloidal Substrate for Diesel Soot?
journal, September 2015
- Growney, David J.; Mykhaylyk, Oleksandr O.; Middlemiss, Laurence
- Langmuir, Vol. 31, Issue 38
Synergistic Interactions Between Silver and Palladium Nanoparticles in Lubrication
journal, July 2019
- Kumara, Chanaka; Meyer, Harry M.; Qu, Jun
- ACS Applied Nano Materials, Vol. 2, Issue 8
Effect of the support on the structure of Mo-based hydrodesulfurization catalysts: Activated carbon versus alumina*1
journal, June 1987
- Vissers, J.
- Journal of Catalysis, Vol. 105, Issue 2
Tribofilms generated from ZDDP and DDP on steel surfaces: Part 1, growth, wear and morphology
journal, July 2005
- Zhang, Z.; Yamaguchi, E. S.; Kasrai, M.
- Tribology Letters, Vol. 19, Issue 3
Oil-Soluble Polymer Brush Grafted Nanoparticles as Effective Lubricant Additives for Friction and Wear Reduction
journal, June 2016
- Wright, Roger A. E.; Wang, Kewei; Qu, Jun
- Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 55, Issue 30
Correlating mechanical properties and anti-wear performance of tribofilms formed by ionic liquids, ZDDP and their combinations
journal, May 2016
- Landauer, Alexander K.; Barnhill, William C.; Qu, Jun
- Wear, Vol. 354-355
The History and Mechanisms of ZDDP
journal, October 2004
- Spikes, H.
- Tribology Letters, Vol. 17, Issue 3
Is more always better? Tribofilm evolution and tribological behavior impacted by the concentration of ZDDP, ionic liquid, and ZDDP-Ionic liquid combination
journal, August 2019
- Zhou, Yan; Weber, Joel; Viola, Michael B.
- Wear, Vol. 432-433
Mechanical characterization of diesel soot nanoparticles: in situ compression in a transmission electron microscope and simulations
journal, January 2018
- Jenei, Istvan Zoltan; Dassenoy, Fabrice; Epicier, Thierry
- Nanotechnology, Vol. 29, Issue 8
Effect of steel hardness on soot wear
journal, November 2017
- Kontou, A.; Southby, M.; Spikes, H. A.
- Wear, Vol. 390-391
The Role of Soot Aggregation on the Lubrication of Diesel Engines
journal, January 1995
- Colacicco, P.; Mazuyer, D.
- Tribology Transactions, Vol. 38, Issue 4
The influence of soot and dispersant on ZDDP film thickness and friction
journal, November 2004
- Ratoi, M.; Castle, R. C.; Bovington, C. H.
- Lubrication Science, Vol. 17, Issue 1
Effects of carbon on the sulfidation and hydrodesulfurization of CoMo hydrating catalysts
journal, March 2009
- Ge, Hui; Li, Xuekuan; Qin, Zhangfeng
- Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, Vol. 26, Issue 2
An analytical study of tribofilms generated by the interaction of ashless antiwear additives with ZDDP using XANES and nano-indentation
journal, February 2015
- Sharma, Vibhu; Erdemir, Ali; Aswath, Pranesh B.
- Tribology International, Vol. 82
Antagonistic Interaction of Antiwear Additives and Carbon Black
journal, July 2009
- Olomolehin, Yewande; Kapadia, Rita; Spikes, Hugh
- Tribology Letters, Vol. 37, Issue 1
Mechanism study on the sulfidation of ZnO with sulfur and iron oxide at high temperature
journal, February 2017
- Han, Junwei; Liu, Wei; Zhang, Tianfu
- Scientific Reports, Vol. 7, Issue 1
Mechanical response of gasoline soot nanoparticles under compression: An in situ TEM study
journal, March 2019
- Jenei, Istvan Zoltan; Dassenoy, Fabrice; Epicier, Thierry
- Tribology International, Vol. 131
Oil-Soluble Polymer Brush Grafted Nanoparticles as Effective Lubricant Additives for Friction and Wear Reduction
journal, June 2016
- Wright, Roger A. E.; Wang, Kewei; Qu, Jun
- Angewandte Chemie, Vol. 128, Issue 30