Low work function in the 122-family of iron-based superconductors

Pfau, H.; Soifer, H.; Sobota, J. A.; Gauthier, A.; Rotundu, C. R.; Palmstrom, J. C.; Fisher, I. R.; Chen, G.-Y.; Wen, H.-H.; Shen, Z.-X.; Kirchmann, P. S.

doi:10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.4.034801

Title: Low work function in the 122-family of iron-based superconductors

Abstract

Herein we determine the work functions of the iron arsenic compounds $A {Fe}_{2} {As}_{2}$ ( $A = Ca, Ba, Cs$ ) using photoemission spectroscopy to be 2.7 eV for ${CaFe}_{2} {As}_{2}$ , 1.8 eV for ${BaFe}_{2} {As}_{2}$ , and 1.3 eV for ${CsFe}_{2} {As}_{2}$ . The work functions of these 122 iron-based superconductors track those of the elementary metal $A$ but are substantially smaller. The most likely explanation of this observation is that the cleaving surface exposes only half an $A$ -layer. The low work function and good photoemission cross section of ${BaFe}_{2} {As}_{2}$ and ${CsFe}_{2} {As}_{2}$ enable photoemission even from a common white LED light.

Authors:

^[1]; Soifer, H. ^[2]; Sobota, J. A. ^[3]; Gauthier, A. ^[3]; Rotundu, C. R. ^[4]; Palmstrom, J. C. ^[3]; Fisher, I. R. ^[3]; Chen, G.-Y. ^[5]; Wen, H.-H. ^[5]; Shen, Z.-X. ^[6]; Kirchmann, P. S. ^[4]

Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Advanced Light Source (ALS); SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States). Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Science (SIMES)
SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States). Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Science (SIMES); Tel Aviv Univ., Ramat Aviv (Israel)
SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States). Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Science (SIMES); Stanford Univ., CA (United States). Geballe Lab. for Advanced Materials
SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States). Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Science (SIMES)
Nanjing Univ. (China)
SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States). Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Science (SIMES); Stanford Univ., CA (United States). Geballe Lab. for Advanced Materials and Dept. of Physics

Publication Date:: Wed Mar 04 00:00:00 EST 2020

Research Org.:: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Advanced Light Source (ALS)

Sponsoring Org.:: Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; German Science Foundation (DFG); Gabilan Stanford Graduate Fellowship; National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES) (SC-22). Materials Sciences & Engineering Division

OSTI Identifier:: 1605595

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1603199

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-76SF00515; DGE-114747; AC02-05CH11231

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Physical Review Materials

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 4; Journal Issue: 3; Journal ID: ISSN 2475-9953

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND SUPERFLUIDITY; 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE

Citation Formats


                    Pfau, H., Soifer, H., Sobota, J. A., Gauthier, A., Rotundu, C. R., Palmstrom, J. C., Fisher, I. R., Chen, G.-Y., Wen, H.-H., Shen, Z.-X., and Kirchmann, P. S. Low work function in the 122-family of iron-based superconductors.  United States: N. p., 2020. 
Web.  doi:10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.4.034801.

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                    Pfau, H., Soifer, H., Sobota, J. A., Gauthier, A., Rotundu, C. R., Palmstrom, J. C., Fisher, I. R., Chen, G.-Y., Wen, H.-H., Shen, Z.-X., & Kirchmann, P. S. Low work function in the 122-family of iron-based superconductors.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.4.034801

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                    Pfau, H., Soifer, H., Sobota, J. A., Gauthier, A., Rotundu, C. R., Palmstrom, J. C., Fisher, I. R., Chen, G.-Y., Wen, H.-H., Shen, Z.-X., and Kirchmann, P. S. Wed .  
"Low work function in the 122-family of iron-based superconductors".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.4.034801.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1605595.

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@article{osti_1605595,

  title        = {Low work function in the 122-family of iron-based superconductors},

  author       = {Pfau, H. and Soifer, H. and Sobota, J. A. and Gauthier, A. and Rotundu, C. R. and Palmstrom, J. C. and Fisher, I. R. and Chen, G.-Y. and Wen, H.-H. and Shen, Z.-X. and Kirchmann, P. S.},

  abstractNote = {Herein we determine the work functions of the iron arsenic compounds AFe2As2 (A=Ca,Ba,Cs) using photoemission spectroscopy to be 2.7 eV for CaFe2As2, 1.8 eV for BaFe2As2, and 1.3 eV for CsFe2As2. The work functions of these 122 iron-based superconductors track those of the elementary metal A but are substantially smaller. The most likely explanation of this observation is that the cleaving surface exposes only half an A-layer. The low work function and good photoemission cross section of BaFe2As2 and CsFe2As2 enable photoemission even from a common white LED light.},

  doi          = {10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.4.034801},

  journal      = {Physical Review Materials},

  number       = 3,

  volume       = 4,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Wed Mar 04 00:00:00 EST 2020},

  month        = {Wed Mar 04 00:00:00 EST 2020}

}

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Title: Low work function in the 122-family of iron-based superconductors

Abstract

Citation Formats

Symmetry-breaking orbital anisotropy observed for detwinned Ba(Fe1-xCox)2As2 above the spin density wave transition journal, April 2011

2 × 2 structure and charge inhomogeneity at the surface of superconducting BaFe 2 − x Co x As 2 ( x = 0 – 0.32 ) journal, March 2010

Determination of the phase diagram of the electron-doped superconductor Ba ( Fe 1 − x Co x ) 2 As 2 journal, January 2009

Droplet-like Fermi surfaces in the anti-ferromagnetic phase of EuFe 2 As 2 , an Fe-pnictide superconductor parent compound journal, January 2010

Surface Geometric and Electronic Structures of BaFe 2 As 2 ( 001 ) journal, August 2009

High-efficiency graded band-gap Al x Ga 1−x As/GaAs photocathodes grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition journal, September 2011

Unconventional electronic reconstruction in undoped ( Ba , Sr ) Fe 2 As 2 across the spin density wave transition journal, November 2009

Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy and Vortex Imaging in the Iron Pnictide Superconductor BaFe 1.8 Co 0.2 As 2 journal, March 2009

Electronic structure of detwinned BaFe 2 As 2 from photoemission and first principles journal, February 2011

Evidence for a Lifshitz transition in electron-doped iron arsenic superconductors at the onset of superconductivity journal, May 2010

A Quantum Critical Point Lying Beneath the Superconducting Dome in Iron Pnictides journal, March 2014

Anisotropy of the Electronic Work Function of Metals journal, November 1941

Unexpected Fermi-surface nesting in the pnictide parent compounds BaFe 2 As 2 and CaFe 2 As 2 revealed by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy journal, February 2010

Photoelectron Spectroscopy book, January 2003

Cleavage surfaces of the BaFe 2 − x Co x As 2 and Fe y Se 1 − x Te x superconductors: A combined STM plus LEED study journal, October 2009

Formation of cesium peroxide and cesium superoxide on InP photocathode activated by cesium and oxygen journal, October 2007

Electronic Structure and Unusual Exchange Splitting in the Spin-Density-Wave State of the BaFe 2 As 2 Parent Compound of Iron-Based Superconductors journal, March 2009

Data for "Low work function in the 122-family of iron-based superconductors" dataset, January 2020

Photoelectron spectroscopic determination of the structure of (Cs,O) activated GaAs (110) surfaces journal, March 1983

High-temperature superconductivity in iron-based materials journal, August 2010

Symmetry-broken electronic structure and uniaxial Fermi surface nesting of untwinned CaFe 2 As 2 journal, December 2013

Surface Structure and Superconductivity in Ba(Fe 0.93 Co 0.07 ) 2 As 2 Probed by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy/Spectroscopy journal, January 2011

Orbital-Dependent Modifications of Electronic Structure across the Magnetostructural Transition in BaFe 2 As 2 journal, February 2010

Interaction of cesium and oxygen on W(110) journal, February 1980

Surface structures of ternary iron arsenides A Fe 2 As 2 ( A = Ba , Sr, or Ca) journal, May 2010

Theory of the Work Functions of Monovalent Metals journal, July 1935

Dopant clustering, electronic inhomogeneity, and vortex pinning in iron-based superconductors journal, June 2013

Ultrabright and Ultrafast III–V Semiconductor Photocathodes journal, March 2014

Momentum Dependence of the Nematic Order Parameter in Iron-Based Superconductors journal, August 2019

Spectroscopic scanning tunneling microscopy insights into Fe-based superconductors journal, November 2011

Angle-resolved photoemission study of the role of nesting and orbital orderings in the antiferromagnetic phase of BaFe 2 As 2 journal, July 2011

Observation of Dirac Cone Electronic Dispersion in BaFe 2 As 2 journal, March 2010

Role of Antiferromagnetic Ordering in the ( 1 × 2 ) Surface Reconstruction of Ca ( Fe 1 − x Co x ) 2 As 2 journal, February 2014

Band-structure reorganization across the magnetic transition in BaFe 2 As 2 seen via high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission journal, October 2009

(π, π) electronic order in iron arsenide superconductors journal, January 2009

Impact of work function induced electric fields on laser-based angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy journal, August 2014

Energy scale of nematic ordering in the parent iron-based superconductor BaFe 2 As 2 journal, July 2019

Role of the orbital degree of freedom in iron-based superconductors journal, October 2017

Detailed band structure of twinned and detwinned BaFe 2 As 2 studied with angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy journal, January 2019

Heat capacity study of BaFe 2 As 2 : Effects of annealing journal, October 2010

Thermal emittance and response time measurements of negative electron affinity photocathodes journal, March 2008

Existence, Character, and Origin of Surface-Related Bands in the High Temperature Iron Pnictide Superconductor BaFe 2 − x Co x As 2 journal, January 2011

Probing the reconstructed Fermi surface of antiferromagnetic BaFe2As2 in one domain journal, July 2019

Surface terminations and layer-resolved tunneling spectroscopy of the 122 iron pnictide superconductors journal, April 2019

Symmetry-breaking orbital anisotropy observed for detwinned Ba(Fe1-xCox)2As2 above the spin density wave transition
journal, April 2011

$\sqrt{2} \times \sqrt{2}$ structure and charge inhomogeneity at the surface of superconducting ${BaFe}_{2 - x} {Co}_{x} {As}_{2}$ $(x = 0 - 0.32)$
journal, March 2010

Determination of the phase diagram of the electron-doped superconductor $Ba {({Fe}_{1 - x} {Co}_{x})}_{2} {As}_{2}$
journal, January 2009

Droplet-like Fermi surfaces in the anti-ferromagnetic phase of EuFe ₂ As ₂ , an Fe-pnictide superconductor parent compound
journal, January 2010

Surface Geometric and Electronic Structures of ${BaFe}_{2} {As}_{2} (001)$
journal, August 2009

High-efficiency graded band-gap Al _x Ga _1−x As/GaAs photocathodes grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition
journal, September 2011

Unconventional electronic reconstruction in undoped $(Ba, Sr) {Fe}_{2} {As}_{2}$ across the spin density wave transition
journal, November 2009

Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy and Vortex Imaging in the Iron Pnictide Superconductor ${BaFe}_{1.8} {Co}_{0.2} {As}_{2}$
journal, March 2009

Electronic structure of detwinned BaFe $_{2}$ As $_{2}$ from photoemission and first principles
journal, February 2011

Evidence for a Lifshitz transition in electron-doped iron arsenic superconductors at the onset of superconductivity
journal, May 2010

A Quantum Critical Point Lying Beneath the Superconducting Dome in Iron Pnictides
journal, March 2014

Anisotropy of the Electronic Work Function of Metals
journal, November 1941

Unexpected Fermi-surface nesting in the pnictide parent compounds ${BaFe}_{2} {As}_{2}$ and ${CaFe}_{2} {As}_{2}$ revealed by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy
journal, February 2010

Photoelectron Spectroscopy
book, January 2003

Cleavage surfaces of the ${BaFe}_{2 - x} {Co}_{x} {As}_{2}$ and ${Fe}_{y} {Se}_{1 - x} {Te}_{x}$ superconductors: A combined STM plus LEED study
journal, October 2009

Formation of cesium peroxide and cesium superoxide on InP photocathode activated by cesium and oxygen
journal, October 2007

Electronic Structure and Unusual Exchange Splitting in the Spin-Density-Wave State of the ${BaFe}_{2} {As}_{2}$ Parent Compound of Iron-Based Superconductors
journal, March 2009

Data for "Low work function in the 122-family of iron-based superconductors"
dataset, January 2020

Photoelectron spectroscopic determination of the structure of (Cs,O) activated GaAs (110) surfaces
journal, March 1983

High-temperature superconductivity in iron-based materials
journal, August 2010

Symmetry-broken electronic structure and uniaxial Fermi surface nesting of untwinned CaFe $_{2}$ As $_{2}$
journal, December 2013

Surface Structure and Superconductivity in Ba(Fe _0.93 Co _0.07 ) ₂ As ₂ Probed by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy/Spectroscopy
journal, January 2011

Orbital-Dependent Modifications of Electronic Structure across the Magnetostructural Transition in ${BaFe}_{2} {As}_{2}$
journal, February 2010

Interaction of cesium and oxygen on W(110)
journal, February 1980

Surface structures of ternary iron arsenides $A {Fe}_{2} {As}_{2}$ ( $A = Ba$ , Sr, or Ca)
journal, May 2010

Theory of the Work Functions of Monovalent Metals
journal, July 1935

Dopant clustering, electronic inhomogeneity, and vortex pinning in iron-based superconductors
journal, June 2013

Ultrabright and Ultrafast III–V Semiconductor Photocathodes
journal, March 2014

Momentum Dependence of the Nematic Order Parameter in Iron-Based Superconductors
journal, August 2019

Spectroscopic scanning tunneling microscopy insights into Fe-based superconductors
journal, November 2011

Angle-resolved photoemission study of the role of nesting and orbital orderings in the antiferromagnetic phase of BaFe $_{2}$ As $_{2}$
journal, July 2011

Observation of Dirac Cone Electronic Dispersion in ${BaFe}_{2} {As}_{2}$
journal, March 2010

Role of Antiferromagnetic Ordering in the ( $1 \times 2$ ) Surface Reconstruction of $Ca {({Fe}_{1 - x} {Co}_{x})}_{2} {As}_{2}$
journal, February 2014

Band-structure reorganization across the magnetic transition in ${BaFe}_{2} {As}_{2}$ seen via high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission
journal, October 2009

(π, π) electronic order in iron arsenide superconductors
journal, January 2009

Impact of work function induced electric fields on laser-based angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy
journal, August 2014

Energy scale of nematic ordering in the parent iron-based superconductor ${BaFe}_{2} {As}_{2}$
journal, July 2019

Role of the orbital degree of freedom in iron-based superconductors
journal, October 2017

Detailed band structure of twinned and detwinned ${BaFe}_{2} {As}_{2}$ studied with angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy
journal, January 2019

Heat capacity study of ${BaFe}_{2} {As}_{2}$ : Effects of annealing
journal, October 2010

Thermal emittance and response time measurements of negative electron affinity photocathodes
journal, March 2008

Existence, Character, and Origin of Surface-Related Bands in the High Temperature Iron Pnictide Superconductor ${BaFe}_{2 - x} {Co}_{x} {As}_{2}$
journal, January 2011

Probing the reconstructed Fermi surface of antiferromagnetic BaFe2As2 in one domain
journal, July 2019

Surface terminations and layer-resolved tunneling spectroscopy of the 122 iron pnictide superconductors
journal, April 2019