The CUORE cryostat: An infrastructure for rare event searches at millikelvin temperatures

Alduino, C.; Alessandria, F.; Balata, M.; Biare, D.; Biassoni, M.; Bucci, C.; Caminata, A.; Canonica, L.; Cappelli, L.; Ceruti, G.; Chiarini, A.; Chott, N.; Clemenza, M.; Copello, S.; Corsi, A.; Cremonesi, O.; D’Addabbo, A.; Dell’Oro, S.; Di Paolo, L.; Di Vacri, M. L.; Drobizhev, A.; Faverzani, M.; Ferri, E.; Franceschi, M. A.; Gaigher, R.; Gladstone, L.; Gorla, P.; Guetti, M.; Ioannucci, L.; Kolomensky, Yu. G.; Ligi, C.; Marini, L.; Napolitano, T.; Nisi, S.; Nucciotti, A.; Nutini, I.; O’Donnell, T.; Orlandi, D.; Ouellet, J. L.; Pagliarone, C. E.; Pattavina, L.; Pelosi, A.; Perego, M.; Previtali, E.; Romualdi, B.; Rotilio, A.; Rusconi, C.; Santone, D.; Singh, V.; Sisti, M.; Taffarello, L.; Tatananni, E.; Terranova, F.; Wagaarachchi, S. L.; Wallig, J.; Zarra, C.

doi:10.1016/j.cryogenics.2019.06.011

Title: The CUORE cryostat: An infrastructure for rare event searches at millikelvin temperatures

Abstract

The CUORE experiment is the world's largest bolometric experiment. The detector consists of an array of 988 TeO₂ crystals, for a total mass of 742 kg. CUORE is presently taking data at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Italy, searching for the neutrinoless double beta decay of ¹³⁰Te. A large custom cryogen-free cryostat allows reaching and maintaining a base temperature of ~10 mK, required for the optimal operation of the detector. This apparatus has been designed in order to achieve a low noise environment, with minimal contribution to the radioactive background for the experiment. In this paper, we present an overview of the CUORE cryostat, together with a description of all its sub-systems, focusing on the solutions identified to satisfy the stringent requirements. We briefly illustrate the various phases of the cryostat commissioning and highlight the relevant steps and milestones achieved each time. Finally, we describe the successful cooldown of CUORE.

Authors:

Alduino, C. ^[1]; Alessandria, F. ^[2]; Balata, M. ^[3]; Biare, D. ^[4]; Biassoni, M. ^[5]; Bucci, C. ^[3]; Caminata, A. ^[6]; Canonica, L. ^[7]; Cappelli, L. ^[8]; Ceruti, G. ^[2]; Chiarini, A. ^[9]; Chott, N. ^[1]; Clemenza, M. ^[10]; Copello, S. ^[11]; Corsi, A. ^[3]; Cremonesi, O. ^[2]; D’Addabbo, A. ^[3]; Dell’Oro, S. ^[12]; Di Paolo, L. ^[3]; Di Vacri, M. L. ^[13] more »

Univ. of South Carolina, Columbia, SC (United States)
National Inst. of Nuclear Physics (INFN), Milan (Italy)
National Inst. of Nuclear Physics (INFN), L'Aquila (Italy). Lab. Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L’Aquila)
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
National Inst. of Nuclear Physics (INFN), Milan (Italy). Sezione di Milano Bicocca
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Genova (Italy)
Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States); National Inst. of Nuclear Physics (INFN), L'Aquila (Italy). Lab. Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L’Aquila)
National Inst. of Nuclear Physics (INFN), L'Aquila (Italy). Lab. Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L’Aquila); Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
National Inst. of Nuclear Physics (INFN), Bologna (Italy)
Univ. di Milano-Bicocca, Milano (Italy); National Inst. of Nuclear Physics (INFN), Milan (Italy). Sezione di Milano Bicocca
National Inst. of Nuclear Physics (INFN), L'Aquila (Italy). Gran Sasso Science Inst., and Lab. Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L’Aquila)
Virginia Polytechnic Inst. and State Univ. (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, VA (United States). Center for Neutrino Physics
National Inst. of Nuclear Physics (INFN), L'Aquila (Italy). Lab. Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L’Aquila); Univ. dell’Aquila, L’Aquila (Italy)
Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Univ. di Milano (Italy); National Inst. of Nuclear Physics (INFN), Milan (Italy). Sezione di Milano Bicocca
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Frascati Roma (Italy)
Massachusetts Inst. of Technology, Cambridge, MA (United States)
National Inst. of Nuclear Physics (INFN), L'Aquila (Italy). Lab. Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L’Aquila), Gran Sasso Science Inst.
Virginia Polytechnic Inst. and State Univ. (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, VA (United States)
Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)
National Inst. of Nuclear Physics (INFN), L'Aquila (Italy). Lab. Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L’Aquila); Univ. degli Studi di Cassino e del Lazio Meridionale, Cassino (Italy)
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Rome (Italy)
Univ. of South Carolina, Columbia, SC (United States); National Inst. of Nuclear Physics (INFN), L'Aquila (Italy). Lab. Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L’Aquila)
Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
National Inst. of Nuclear Physics (INFN), Padova (Italy)

Publication Date:: Tue Jul 02 00:00:00 EDT 2019

Research Org.:: Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC); National Science Foundation (NSF); Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC)

OSTI Identifier:: 1604703

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1542471

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231; AC52-07NA27344; FG02-08ER41551; FG03-00ER41138.; SC0012654; NSF-PHY-0605119; NSF-PHY-1404205; NSF-PHY-0500337; NSF-PHY-0855314, NSF-PHY-0902171, NSF-PHY-0969852; NSF-PHY-1307204; NSF-PHY-1314881; NSF-PHY-1401832; FG03-00ER41138

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Cryogenics

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 102; Journal Issue: C; Journal ID: ISSN 0011-2275

Publisher:: Elsevier

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS

Citation Formats


                    Alduino, C., Alessandria, F., Balata, M., Biare, D., Biassoni, M., Bucci, C., Caminata, A., Canonica, L., Cappelli, L., Ceruti, G., Chiarini, A., Chott, N., Clemenza, M., Copello, S., Corsi, A., Cremonesi, O., D’Addabbo, A., Dell’Oro, S., Di Paolo, L., Di Vacri, M. L., Drobizhev, A., Faverzani, M., Ferri, E., Franceschi, M. A., Gaigher, R., Gladstone, L., Gorla, P., Guetti, M., Ioannucci, L., Kolomensky, Yu. G., Ligi, C., Marini, L., Napolitano, T., Nisi, S., Nucciotti, A., Nutini, I., O’Donnell, T., Orlandi, D., Ouellet, J. L., Pagliarone, C. E., Pattavina, L., Pelosi, A., Perego, M., Previtali, E., Romualdi, B., Rotilio, A., Rusconi, C., Santone, D., Singh, V., Sisti, M., Taffarello, L., Tatananni, E., Terranova, F., Wagaarachchi, S. L., Wallig, J., and Zarra, C. The CUORE cryostat: An infrastructure for rare event searches at millikelvin temperatures.  United States: N. p., 2019. 
Web.  doi:10.1016/j.cryogenics.2019.06.011.

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                    Alduino, C., Alessandria, F., Balata, M., Biare, D., Biassoni, M., Bucci, C., Caminata, A., Canonica, L., Cappelli, L., Ceruti, G., Chiarini, A., Chott, N., Clemenza, M., Copello, S., Corsi, A., Cremonesi, O., D’Addabbo, A., Dell’Oro, S., Di Paolo, L., Di Vacri, M. L., Drobizhev, A., Faverzani, M., Ferri, E., Franceschi, M. A., Gaigher, R., Gladstone, L., Gorla, P., Guetti, M., Ioannucci, L., Kolomensky, Yu. G., Ligi, C., Marini, L., Napolitano, T., Nisi, S., Nucciotti, A., Nutini, I., O’Donnell, T., Orlandi, D., Ouellet, J. L., Pagliarone, C. E., Pattavina, L., Pelosi, A., Perego, M., Previtali, E., Romualdi, B., Rotilio, A., Rusconi, C., Santone, D., Singh, V., Sisti, M., Taffarello, L., Tatananni, E., Terranova, F., Wagaarachchi, S. L., Wallig, J., & Zarra, C. The CUORE cryostat: An infrastructure for rare event searches at millikelvin temperatures.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cryogenics.2019.06.011

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                    Alduino, C., Alessandria, F., Balata, M., Biare, D., Biassoni, M., Bucci, C., Caminata, A., Canonica, L., Cappelli, L., Ceruti, G., Chiarini, A., Chott, N., Clemenza, M., Copello, S., Corsi, A., Cremonesi, O., D’Addabbo, A., Dell’Oro, S., Di Paolo, L., Di Vacri, M. L., Drobizhev, A., Faverzani, M., Ferri, E., Franceschi, M. A., Gaigher, R., Gladstone, L., Gorla, P., Guetti, M., Ioannucci, L., Kolomensky, Yu. G., Ligi, C., Marini, L., Napolitano, T., Nisi, S., Nucciotti, A., Nutini, I., O’Donnell, T., Orlandi, D., Ouellet, J. L., Pagliarone, C. E., Pattavina, L., Pelosi, A., Perego, M., Previtali, E., Romualdi, B., Rotilio, A., Rusconi, C., Santone, D., Singh, V., Sisti, M., Taffarello, L., Tatananni, E., Terranova, F., Wagaarachchi, S. L., Wallig, J., and Zarra, C. Tue .  
"The CUORE cryostat: An infrastructure for rare event searches at millikelvin temperatures".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cryogenics.2019.06.011.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1604703.

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@article{osti_1604703,

  title        = {The CUORE cryostat: An infrastructure for rare event searches at millikelvin temperatures},

  author       = {Alduino, C. and Alessandria, F. and Balata, M. and Biare, D. and Biassoni, M. and Bucci, C. and Caminata, A. and Canonica, L. and Cappelli, L. and Ceruti, G. and Chiarini, A. and Chott, N. and Clemenza, M. and Copello, S. and Corsi, A. and Cremonesi, O. and D’Addabbo, A. and Dell’Oro, S. and Di Paolo, L. and Di Vacri, M. L. and Drobizhev, A. and Faverzani, M. and Ferri, E. and Franceschi, M. A. and Gaigher, R. and Gladstone, L. and Gorla, P. and Guetti, M. and Ioannucci, L. and Kolomensky, Yu. G. and Ligi, C. and Marini, L. and Napolitano, T. and Nisi, S. and Nucciotti, A. and Nutini, I. and O’Donnell, T. and Orlandi, D. and Ouellet, J. L. and Pagliarone, C. E. and Pattavina, L. and Pelosi, A. and Perego, M. and Previtali, E. and Romualdi, B. and Rotilio, A. and Rusconi, C. and Santone, D. and Singh, V. and Sisti, M. and Taffarello, L. and Tatananni, E. and Terranova, F. and Wagaarachchi, S. L. and Wallig, J. and Zarra, C.},

  abstractNote = {The CUORE experiment is the world's largest bolometric experiment. The detector consists of an array of 988 TeO2 crystals, for a total mass of 742 kg. CUORE is presently taking data at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Italy, searching for the neutrinoless double beta decay of 130Te. A large custom cryogen-free cryostat allows reaching and maintaining a base temperature of ~10 mK, required for the optimal operation of the detector. This apparatus has been designed in order to achieve a low noise environment, with minimal contribution to the radioactive background for the experiment. In this paper, we present an overview of the CUORE cryostat, together with a description of all its sub-systems, focusing on the solutions identified to satisfy the stringent requirements. We briefly illustrate the various phases of the cryostat commissioning and highlight the relevant steps and milestones achieved each time. Finally, we describe the successful cooldown of CUORE.},

  doi          = {10.1016/j.cryogenics.2019.06.011},

  journal      = {Cryogenics},

  number       = C,

  volume       = 102,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Tue Jul 02 00:00:00 EDT 2019},

  month        = {Tue Jul 02 00:00:00 EDT 2019}

}

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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cryogenics.2019.06.011

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Cited by: 30 works

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FIG. 1: Rendering of the CUORE cryostat. The different thermal stages, vacuum chambers, cooling elements and lead shields are indicated.

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Works referenced in this record:

Search for Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay of ${}^{130}{Te}$ with CUORE-0
journal, September 2015

Alfonso, K.; Artusa, D. R.; Avignone, F. T.
Physical Review Letters, Vol. 115, Issue 10
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First Results from CUORE: A Search for Lepton Number Violation via $0 ν β β$ Decay of ${}^{130}{Te}$
journal, March 2018

Alduino, C.; Alessandria, F.; Alfonso, K.
Physical Review Letters, Vol. 120, Issue 13
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CUORE-0 detector: design, construction and operation
journal, July 2016

Alduino, C.; Alfonso, K.; Artusa, D. R.
Journal of Instrumentation, Vol. 11, Issue 07
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CUORE sensitivity to $$0\nu \beta \beta $$ 0 ν β β decay
journal, August 2017

Alduino, C.; Alfonso, K.; Artusa, D. R.
The European Physical Journal C, Vol. 77, Issue 8
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The detector calibration system for the CUORE cryogenic bolometer array
journal, February 2017

Cushman, Jeremy S.; Dally, Adam; Davis, Christopher J.
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 844
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130Te neutrinoless double-beta decay with CUORICINO
journal, June 2011

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Results from a search for the $0 ν β β$ -decay of ${}^{130}{Te}$
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Physical Review C, Vol. 78, Issue 3
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The low radioactivity link of the CUORE experiment
journal, September 2009

Andreotti, E.; Arnaboldi, C.; Barucci, M.
Journal of Instrumentation, Vol. 4, Issue 09
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Characterization of high impedance connecting links for Bolometric detectors
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Giachero, A.; Gotti, C.; Maino, M.
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 718
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The projected background for the CUORE experiment
journal, August 2017

Alduino, C.; Alfonso, K.; Artusa, D. R.
The European Physical Journal C, Vol. 77, Issue 8
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The Faraday room of the CUORE experiment
journal, December 2017

Bucci, C.; Carniti, P.; Cassina, L.
Journal of Instrumentation, Vol. 12, Issue 12
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Measurement of thermal conductivity of the supports of CUORE cryostat
journal, March 2008

Barucci, M.; Lolli, L.; Risegari, L.
Cryogenics, Vol. 48, Issue 3-4
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High-resolution bolometers for rare events detection
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An active noise cancellation technique for the CUORE Pulse Tube cryocoolers
journal, July 2018

D’Addabbo, A.; Bucci, C.; Canonica, L.
Cryogenics, Vol. 93
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Long term elongation of Kevlar-49 single fiber at low temperature
journal, February 2013

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Cryogenics, Vol. 54
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The 4K outer cryostat for the CUORE experiment: Construction and quality control
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Title: The CUORE cryostat: An infrastructure for rare event searches at millikelvin temperatures

Abstract

Citation Formats

Figures / Tables:

Search for Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay of Te 130 with CUORE-0 journal, September 2015

First Results from CUORE: A Search for Lepton Number Violation via 0 ν β β Decay of Te 130 journal, March 2018

CUORE-0 detector: design, construction and operation journal, July 2016

CUORE sensitivity to $$0\nu \beta \beta $$ 0 ν β β decay journal, August 2017

The detector calibration system for the CUORE cryogenic bolometer array journal, February 2017

130Te neutrinoless double-beta decay with CUORICINO journal, June 2011

Results from a search for the 0 ν β β -decay of Te 130 journal, September 2008

The low radioactivity link of the CUORE experiment journal, September 2009

Characterization of high impedance connecting links for Bolometric detectors journal, August 2013

The projected background for the CUORE experiment journal, August 2017

The Faraday room of the CUORE experiment journal, December 2017

Measurement of thermal conductivity of the supports of CUORE cryostat journal, March 2008

High-resolution bolometers for rare events detection journal, April 2001

An active noise cancellation technique for the CUORE Pulse Tube cryocoolers journal, July 2018

Long term elongation of Kevlar-49 single fiber at low temperature journal, February 2013

The 4K outer cryostat for the CUORE experiment: Construction and quality control journal, November 2013

Ortho-para conversion of hydrogen in copper as origin of time-dependent heat leaks journal, December 1983

Low temperature heat release from copper: Ortho-para conversion of hydrogen journal, June 1985

Progress on the CUORE Cryogenic System conference, January 2009

Measurements of internal radioactive contamination in samples of Roman lead to be used in experiments on rare events journal, June 1998

Thermodynamic Properties of Copper journal, August 2015

Thermodynamic properties of lead journal, December 2012

Thermal properties of paratellurite (TeO 2 ) at low temperatures journal, September 1990

Radon mitigation during the installation of the CUORE 0νββ decay detector journal, January 2018

Search for Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay of ${}^{130}{Te}$ with CUORE-0
journal, September 2015

First Results from CUORE: A Search for Lepton Number Violation via $0 ν β β$ Decay of ${}^{130}{Te}$
journal, March 2018

CUORE-0 detector: design, construction and operation
journal, July 2016

CUORE sensitivity to $$0\nu \beta \beta $$ 0 ν β β decay
journal, August 2017

The detector calibration system for the CUORE cryogenic bolometer array
journal, February 2017

130Te neutrinoless double-beta decay with CUORICINO
journal, June 2011

Results from a search for the $0 ν β β$ -decay of ${}^{130}{Te}$
journal, September 2008

The low radioactivity link of the CUORE experiment
journal, September 2009

Characterization of high impedance connecting links for Bolometric detectors
journal, August 2013

The projected background for the CUORE experiment
journal, August 2017

The Faraday room of the CUORE experiment
journal, December 2017

Measurement of thermal conductivity of the supports of CUORE cryostat
journal, March 2008

High-resolution bolometers for rare events detection
journal, April 2001

An active noise cancellation technique for the CUORE Pulse Tube cryocoolers
journal, July 2018

Long term elongation of Kevlar-49 single fiber at low temperature
journal, February 2013

The 4K outer cryostat for the CUORE experiment: Construction and quality control
journal, November 2013

Ortho-para conversion of hydrogen in copper as origin of time-dependent heat leaks
journal, December 1983

Low temperature heat release from copper: Ortho-para conversion of hydrogen
journal, June 1985

Progress on the CUORE Cryogenic System
conference, January 2009

Measurements of internal radioactive contamination in samples of Roman lead to be used in experiments on rare events
journal, June 1998

Thermodynamic Properties of Copper
journal, August 2015

Thermodynamic properties of lead
journal, December 2012

Thermal properties of paratellurite (TeO ₂ ) at low temperatures
journal, September 1990

Radon mitigation during the installation of the CUORE 0νββ decay detector
journal, January 2018