(3+1)-dimensional dissipative relativistic fluid dynamics at non-zero net baryon density

Du, Lipei; Heinz, Ulrich

doi:10.1016/j.cpc.2019.107090

Title: (3+1)-dimensional dissipative relativistic fluid dynamics at non-zero net baryon density

Abstract

Heavy-ion collisions at center-of-mass energies between 1 and 100 GeV/nucleon are essential to understand the phase diagram of QCD and search for its critical point. At these energies the net baryon density of the system can be high, and simulating its evolution becomes an indispensable part of theoretical modeling. We here present the (3+1)-dimensional diffusive relativistic hydrodynamic code BEShydro which solves the equations of motion of second-order Denicol–Niemi–Molnar–Rischke (DNMR) theory, including bulk and shear viscous currents and baryon diffusion currents. BEShydro features a modular structure that allows to easily turn on and off baryon evolution and different dissipative effects and thus to study their physical effects on the dynamical evolution individually. An extensive set of test protocols for the code, including several novel tests of the precision of baryon transport that can also be used to test other such codes, is documented here and supplied as a permanent part of the code package.

Authors:

Du, Lipei ^[1];

^[2]

The Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH (United States)
The Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH (United States); J.W. Goethe Universität, Frankfurt am Main (Germany)

Publication Date:: Wed Dec 04 00:00:00 EST 2019

Research Org.:: The Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP); National Science Foundation (NSF)

OSTI Identifier:: 1604298

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1606272; OSTI ID: 1770697

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0004286; ACI-1550223; 1148698

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Computer Physics Communications

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 251; Journal Issue: C; Journal ID: ISSN 0010-4655

Publisher:: Elsevier

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS; Heavy-ion collisions; Quark–gluon plasma; Relativistic hydrodynamics; Non-zero baryon density; Baryon diffusion; Beam energy scan; BEShydro

Citation Formats


                    Du, Lipei, and Heinz, Ulrich. (3+1)-dimensional dissipative relativistic fluid dynamics at non-zero net baryon density.  United States: N. p., 2019. 
Web.  doi:10.1016/j.cpc.2019.107090.

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                    Du, Lipei, & Heinz, Ulrich. (3+1)-dimensional dissipative relativistic fluid dynamics at non-zero net baryon density.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpc.2019.107090

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                    Du, Lipei, and Heinz, Ulrich. Wed .  
"(3+1)-dimensional dissipative relativistic fluid dynamics at non-zero net baryon density".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpc.2019.107090.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1604298.

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@article{osti_1604298,

  title        = {(3+1)-dimensional dissipative relativistic fluid dynamics at non-zero net baryon density},

  author       = {Du, Lipei and Heinz, Ulrich},

  abstractNote = {Heavy-ion collisions at center-of-mass energies between 1 and 100 GeV/nucleon are essential to understand the phase diagram of QCD and search for its critical point. At these energies the net baryon density of the system can be high, and simulating its evolution becomes an indispensable part of theoretical modeling. We here present the (3+1)-dimensional diffusive relativistic hydrodynamic code BEShydro which solves the equations of motion of second-order Denicol–Niemi–Molnar–Rischke (DNMR) theory, including bulk and shear viscous currents and baryon diffusion currents. BEShydro features a modular structure that allows to easily turn on and off baryon evolution and different dissipative effects and thus to study their physical effects on the dynamical evolution individually. An extensive set of test protocols for the code, including several novel tests of the precision of baryon transport that can also be used to test other such codes, is documented here and supplied as a permanent part of the code package.},

  doi          = {10.1016/j.cpc.2019.107090},

  journal      = {Computer Physics Communications},

  number       = C,

  volume       = 251,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Wed Dec 04 00:00:00 EST 2019},

  month        = {Wed Dec 04 00:00:00 EST 2019}

}

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Title: (3+1)-dimensional dissipative relativistic fluid dynamics at non-zero net baryon density

Abstract

Citation Formats

Transport coefficients of bulk viscous pressure in the 14-moment approximation journal, August 2014

Relativistic viscous hydrodynamics, conformal invariance, and holography journal, April 2008

Numerical tests of causal relativistic dissipative fluid dynamics journal, November 2009

QCD equation of state and hadron resonance gas journal, June 2010

Microscopic models for ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions journal, January 1998

Conformal hydrodynamics in Minkowski and de Sitter spacetimes journal, May 2011

A 3 + 1 dimensional viscous hydrodynamic code for relativistic heavy ion collisions journal, November 2014

Relativistic hydrodynamics for heavy-ion collisions. II. Compression of nuclear matter and the phase transition to the quark-gluon plasma journal, December 1995

Hydrodynamics of R-charged black holes journal, March 2006

QCD equation of state to O ( μ B 6 ) from lattice QCD journal, March 2017

Hybrid model with dynamical sources for heavy-ion collisions at BES energies journal, February 2019

Symmetry constraints on generalizations of Bjorken flow journal, October 2010

Physics at FAIR journal, November 2014

Event-by-Event Anisotropic Flow in Heavy-ion Collisions from Combined Yang-Mills and Viscous Fluid Dynamics journal, January 2013

Hydrodynamic simulations of relativistic heavy-ion collisions with different lattice quantum chromodynamics calculations of the equation of state journal, April 2016

Rapidity decorrelation from hydrodynamic fluctuations journal, February 2019

Equation of state in ( 2 + 1 )-flavor QCD journal, November 2014

Glauber Modeling in High-Energy Nuclear Collisions journal, November 2007

Matching the Nonequilibrium Initial Stage of Heavy Ion Collisions to Hydrodynamics with QCD Kinetic Theory journal, March 2019

A hybrid approach to relativistic heavy-ion collisions at the RHIC BES energies journal, November 2017

Transport Coefficients of Hadronic Matter Near T c journal, October 2009

The QCD equation of state with dynamical quarks journal, November 2010

Effect of bulk viscosity on Elliptic Flow near QCD phase transition text, January 2009

Relativistic nuclear collisions at 1 0 A GeV energies from p + Be to Au+Au with the hadronic cascade model journal, December 1999

On the fluid behavior of a baryon rich hadron resonance gas text, January 2013

Transient relativistic thermodynamics and kinetic theory journal, April 1979

Importance of the Bulk Viscosity of QCD in Ultrarelativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions journal, September 2015

The open science grid journal, July 2007

Relativistic hydrodynamics for heavy-ion collisions. I. General aspects and expansion into vacuum journal, December 1995

Suppression of elliptic flow in a minimally viscous quark–gluon plasma journal, January 2008

Elliptic flow at SPS and RHIC: from kinetic transport to hydrodynamics journal, February 2001

Dissipative dynamics of highly anisotropic systems journal, December 2010

Dissipative Relativistic Fluid Dynamics: A New Way to Derive the Equations of Motion from Kinetic Theory journal, October 2010

Effect of bulk viscosity on elliptic flow near the QCD phase transition journal, December 2009

Fluidity and supercriticality of the QCD matter created in relativistic heavy ion collisions journal, January 2010

Moving Forward to Constrain the Shear Viscosity of QCD Matter journal, May 2016

Hydrodynamic Fluctuations in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions journal, February 2019

Diffusion of Conserved Charges in Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions journal, June 2018

A survey of several finite difference methods for systems of nonlinear hyperbolic conservation laws journal, April 1978

Diffusion of conserved charges in relativistic heavy ion collisions text, January 2017

Relativistic hadron-hadron collisions in the ultra-relativistic quantum molecular dynamics model journal, September 1999

The FAIR accelerator project at GSI journal, June 2006

Fluid behavior of a baryon-rich hadron resonance gas journal, December 2013

QCD equation of state at nonzero chemical potential: continuum results with physical quark masses at order μ 2 journal, August 2012

Origins of Viscosity in Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisons preprint, January 2006

200 A GeV Au + Au Collisions Serve a Nearly Perfect Quark-Gluon Liquid journal, May 2011

Massively parallel simulations of relativistic fluid dynamics on graphics processing units with CUDA journal, April 2018

The analytical solution of the Riemann problem in relativistic hydrodynamics journal, January 1994

Calculation of the Bulk Viscosity in SU(3) Gluodynamics journal, April 2008

New Algorithms for Ultra-relativistic Numerical Hydrodynamics journal, March 1993

Viscosity Information from Relativistic Nuclear Collisions: How Perfect is the Fluid Observed at RHIC? journal, October 2007

Highly relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions: The central rapidity region journal, January 1983

Introduction to hydrodynamics journal, October 2015

Fully Dynamical Simulation of Central Nuclear Collisions journal, November 2013

Study of relativistic nuclear collisions at AGS energies from p+Be to Au+Au with hadronic cascade model text, January 1999

The nuclotron-based ion collider facility (NICA) at JINR: new prospects for heavy ion collisions and spin physics journal, May 2009

The QCD equation of state from the lattice journal, May 2013

Dynamically integrated transport approach for heavy-ion collisions at high baryon density journal, August 2018

Bulk viscosity and spectral functions in QCD journal, September 2008

Longitudinal dynamics of high baryon density matter in high-energy heavy-ion collisions journal, December 2018

Suppression of Baryon Diffusion and Transport in a Baryon Rich Strongly Coupled Quark-Gluon Plasma journal, November 2015

Derivation of transient relativistic fluid dynamics from the Boltzmann equation journal, June 2012

Glauber Modeling in High-Energy Nuclear Collisions journal, November 2007

Nonstationary irreversible thermodynamics: A causal relativistic theory journal, September 1976

Conformal Relativistic Viscous Hydrodynamics: Applications to RHIC results at sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV text, January 2008

Bulk viscosity of QCD matter near the critical temperature journal, September 2008

Universal properties of bulk viscosity near the QCD phase transition journal, May 2008

High-order quadrature-based lattice Boltzmann models for the flow of ultrarelativistic rarefied gases journal, September 2018

Boost-Invariant (2+1)-dimensional Anisotropic Hydrodynamics text, January 2012

(3+1)D hydrodynamic simulation of relativistic heavy-ion collisions journal, July 2010

Effective kinetic theory for high temperature gauge theories journal, January 2003

New High-Resolution Central Schemes for Nonlinear Conservation Laws and Convection–Diffusion Equations journal, May 2000

Solutions of conformal Israel-Stewart relativistic viscous fluid dynamics journal, January 2015

Hydrodynamics with parametric slowing down and fluctuations near the critical point journal, August 2018

Relativistic second-order dissipative hydrodynamics at finite chemical potential journal, December 2015

Causal hydrodynamics of gauge theory plasmas from AdS/CFT duality journal, March 2008

Radial and elliptic flow at RHIC: further predictions journal, March 2001

Transport coefficients of bulk viscous pressure in the 14-moment approximation
journal, August 2014

Relativistic viscous hydrodynamics, conformal invariance, and holography
journal, April 2008

Numerical tests of causal relativistic dissipative fluid dynamics
journal, November 2009

QCD equation of state and hadron resonance gas
journal, June 2010

Microscopic models for ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions
journal, January 1998

Conformal hydrodynamics in Minkowski and de Sitter spacetimes
journal, May 2011

A $3 + 1$ dimensional viscous hydrodynamic code for relativistic heavy ion collisions
journal, November 2014

Relativistic hydrodynamics for heavy-ion collisions. II. Compression of nuclear matter and the phase transition to the quark-gluon plasma
journal, December 1995

Hydrodynamics of R-charged black holes
journal, March 2006

QCD equation of state to $O (μ_{B}^{6})$ from lattice QCD
journal, March 2017

Hybrid model with dynamical sources for heavy-ion collisions at BES energies
journal, February 2019

Symmetry constraints on generalizations of Bjorken flow
journal, October 2010

Physics at FAIR
journal, November 2014

Event-by-Event Anisotropic Flow in Heavy-ion Collisions from Combined Yang-Mills and Viscous Fluid Dynamics
journal, January 2013

Hydrodynamic simulations of relativistic heavy-ion collisions with different lattice quantum chromodynamics calculations of the equation of state
journal, April 2016

Rapidity decorrelation from hydrodynamic fluctuations
journal, February 2019

Equation of state in ( $2 + 1$ )-flavor QCD
journal, November 2014

Glauber Modeling in High-Energy Nuclear Collisions
journal, November 2007

Matching the Nonequilibrium Initial Stage of Heavy Ion Collisions to Hydrodynamics with QCD Kinetic Theory
journal, March 2019

A hybrid approach to relativistic heavy-ion collisions at the RHIC BES energies
journal, November 2017

Transport Coefficients of Hadronic Matter Near $T_{c}$
journal, October 2009

The QCD equation of state with dynamical quarks
journal, November 2010

Effect of bulk viscosity on Elliptic Flow near QCD phase transition
text, January 2009

Relativistic nuclear collisions at $10 A$ GeV energies from $p + Be$ to Au+Au with the hadronic cascade model
journal, December 1999

On the fluid behavior of a baryon rich hadron resonance gas
text, January 2013

Transient relativistic thermodynamics and kinetic theory
journal, April 1979

Importance of the Bulk Viscosity of QCD in Ultrarelativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions
journal, September 2015

The open science grid
journal, July 2007

Relativistic hydrodynamics for heavy-ion collisions. I. General aspects and expansion into vacuum
journal, December 1995

Suppression of elliptic flow in a minimally viscous quark–gluon plasma
journal, January 2008

Elliptic flow at SPS and RHIC: from kinetic transport to hydrodynamics
journal, February 2001

Dissipative dynamics of highly anisotropic systems
journal, December 2010

Dissipative Relativistic Fluid Dynamics: A New Way to Derive the Equations of Motion from Kinetic Theory
journal, October 2010

Effect of bulk viscosity on elliptic flow near the QCD phase transition
journal, December 2009

Fluidity and supercriticality of the QCD matter created in relativistic heavy ion collisions
journal, January 2010

Moving Forward to Constrain the Shear Viscosity of QCD Matter
journal, May 2016

Hydrodynamic Fluctuations in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions
journal, February 2019

Diffusion of Conserved Charges in Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions
journal, June 2018

A survey of several finite difference methods for systems of nonlinear hyperbolic conservation laws
journal, April 1978

Diffusion of conserved charges in relativistic heavy ion collisions
text, January 2017

Relativistic hadron-hadron collisions in the ultra-relativistic quantum molecular dynamics model
journal, September 1999

The FAIR accelerator project at GSI
journal, June 2006

Fluid behavior of a baryon-rich hadron resonance gas
journal, December 2013

QCD equation of state at nonzero chemical potential: continuum results with physical quark masses at order μ 2
journal, August 2012

Origins of Viscosity in Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisons
preprint, January 2006

200 $A$ GeV $Au + Au$ Collisions Serve a Nearly Perfect Quark-Gluon Liquid
journal, May 2011

Massively parallel simulations of relativistic fluid dynamics on graphics processing units with CUDA
journal, April 2018

The analytical solution of the Riemann problem in relativistic hydrodynamics
journal, January 1994

Calculation of the Bulk Viscosity in SU(3) Gluodynamics
journal, April 2008

New Algorithms for Ultra-relativistic Numerical Hydrodynamics
journal, March 1993

Viscosity Information from Relativistic Nuclear Collisions: How Perfect is the Fluid Observed at RHIC?
journal, October 2007

Highly relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions: The central rapidity region
journal, January 1983

Introduction to hydrodynamics
journal, October 2015

Fully Dynamical Simulation of Central Nuclear Collisions
journal, November 2013

Study of relativistic nuclear collisions at AGS energies from p+Be to Au+Au with hadronic cascade model
text, January 1999

The nuclotron-based ion collider facility (NICA) at JINR: new prospects for heavy ion collisions and spin physics
journal, May 2009

The QCD equation of state from the lattice
journal, May 2013

Dynamically integrated transport approach for heavy-ion collisions at high baryon density
journal, August 2018

Bulk viscosity and spectral functions in QCD
journal, September 2008

Longitudinal dynamics of high baryon density matter in high-energy heavy-ion collisions
journal, December 2018

Suppression of Baryon Diffusion and Transport in a Baryon Rich Strongly Coupled Quark-Gluon Plasma
journal, November 2015

Derivation of transient relativistic fluid dynamics from the Boltzmann equation
journal, June 2012

Glauber Modeling in High-Energy Nuclear Collisions
journal, November 2007

Nonstationary irreversible thermodynamics: A causal relativistic theory
journal, September 1976

Conformal Relativistic Viscous Hydrodynamics: Applications to RHIC results at sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV
text, January 2008

Bulk viscosity of QCD matter near the critical temperature
journal, September 2008

Universal properties of bulk viscosity near the QCD phase transition
journal, May 2008

High-order quadrature-based lattice Boltzmann models for the flow of ultrarelativistic rarefied gases
journal, September 2018

Boost-Invariant (2+1)-dimensional Anisotropic Hydrodynamics
text, January 2012

(3+1)D hydrodynamic simulation of relativistic heavy-ion collisions
journal, July 2010

Effective kinetic theory for high temperature gauge theories
journal, January 2003

New High-Resolution Central Schemes for Nonlinear Conservation Laws and Convection–Diffusion Equations
journal, May 2000

Solutions of conformal Israel-Stewart relativistic viscous fluid dynamics
journal, January 2015

Hydrodynamics with parametric slowing down and fluctuations near the critical point
journal, August 2018

Relativistic second-order dissipative hydrodynamics at finite chemical potential
journal, December 2015

Causal hydrodynamics of gauge theory plasmas from AdS/CFT duality
journal, March 2008

Radial and elliptic flow at RHIC: further predictions
journal, March 2001

Dissipative hydrodynamic effects on baryon stopping
journal, July 2012

Net-baryon diffusion in fluid-dynamic simulations of relativistic heavy-ion collisions
journal, September 2018

The iEBE-VISHNU code package for relativistic heavy-ion collisions
journal, February 2016