Title: Electrode scale and electrolyte transport effects on extreme fast charging of lithium-ion cells

Abstract

A combination of cell testing and electrochemical-thermal modeling is used to investigate extreme fast charging (XFC) performance for cells with a low loading of 1.5 mAk.cm(-2) and moderate loading of 2.5 mAk.cm(-2). Cells with a low loading of 1.5 mAk.cm(-2) withstand XFC performance remarkably well even up to 9C constant current (CC) charging with high charge capacity, high coulombic efficiency and very little apparent lithium plating. For a moderate loading of 2.5 mAk.cm(-2), the 6C CC charge capacity is poor with significant amounts of visually observed lithium plating. Simulated electrolyte transport properties are revealed to be insufficient and majorly set limitations for XFC performance in case of the moderate and the only simulated higher loadings (>2.5 mAk.cm(-2)). Charging at elevated temperature is shown to be an effective strategy for moderate loading cells enabling good 10-min charge capacity, high coulombic efficiency, and mitigating lithium plating. Lastly, an electrochemical model is used to investigate strategies for enabling 4-6C CC charging for cells incorporating loading beyond 3 mAk.cm(-2). As a result, the combination of an increased cell temperature, reduced electrode tortuosity, and enhanced ion-transport in the electrolyte are most likely required to facilitate XFC for state of the art and future high energymore » lithium-ion batteries. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.« less

Authors:

Colclasure, Andrew M.  ^[1];

• Search DOE PAGES for author "Colclasure, Andrew M."
• Search DOE PAGES for ORCID "0000-0002-9574-5106"

Tanim, Tanvir R.  ^[2];

• Search DOE PAGES for author "Tanim, Tanvir R."
• Search DOE PAGES for ORCID "0000-0002-1864-6868"

Jansen, Andrew N. ^[3]; Trask, Stephen E. ^[3]; Dunlop, Alison R. ^[3]; Polzin, Bryant J. ^[3]; Bloom, Ira ^[3]; Robertson, Dave ^[3]; Flores, LeRoy ^[3]; Evans, Michael C.  ^[2];

• Search DOE PAGES for author "Evans, Michael C."
• Search DOE PAGES for ORCID "0000-0002-2082-9874"

Dufek, Eric J.  ^[2];

• Search DOE PAGES for author "Dufek, Eric J."
• Search DOE PAGES for ORCID "0000-0003-4802-1997"

Smith, Kandler  ^[1]

• Search DOE PAGES for author "Smith, Kandler"
• Search DOE PAGES for ORCID "0000-0001-7011-0377"

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+ Show Author Affiliations

1. National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
2. Idaho National Lab. (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States)
3. Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Lemont, IL (United States)

Publication Date:

Tue Feb 04 00:00:00 EST 2020

Research Org.:

Idaho National Laboratory (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States); National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States); Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:

USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Vehicle Technologies Office (EE-3V). Applied Battery Research and Extreme Fast Charge Programs; USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Vehicle Technologies Office (EE-3V)

OSTI Identifier:

1599059

Alternate Identifier(s):

OSTI ID: 1601576; OSTI ID: 1632286; OSTI ID: 1702103

Report Number(s):

INL/JOU-19-56185-Rev000; NREL/JA-5400-75243
Journal ID: ISSN 0013-4686; TRN: US2103419

Grant/Contract Number:  

AC07-05ID14517; AC36-08GO28308; AC02-06CH11357

Resource Type:

Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:

Electrochimica Acta

Additional Journal Information:

Journal Volume: 337; Journal Issue: C; Journal ID: ISSN 0013-4686

Publisher:

Elsevier

Country of Publication:

United States

Language:

English

Subject:

25 ENERGY STORAGE; extreme fast charging; lithium-ion batteries; electrolyte transport; lithium-plating; high-energy density cells; electrode; electrolyte; fast charge; lithium ion