DOE PAGES title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information

Title: Code package for calculating modified cosmic ionization and thermal histories with dark matter and other exotic energy injections

Abstract

Here we present a new public Python package, DarkHistory, for computing the effects of dark matter annihilation and decay on the temperature and ionization history of the early universe. DarkHistory simultaneously solves for the evolution of the free electron fraction and gas temperature, and for the cooling of annihilation/decay products and the secondary particles produced in the process. Consequently, we can self-consistently include the effects of both astrophysical and exotic sources of heating and ionization, and automatically take into account backreaction, where modifications to the ionization/temperature history in turn modify the energy-loss processes for injected particles. We introduce a number of worked examples, demonstrating how to use the code in a range of different configurations, in particular for arbitrary dark matter masses and annihilation/decay final states. Possible applications of DarkHistory include mapping out the effects of dark matter annihilation/decay on the global 21 cm signal and the epoch of reionization, as well as the effects of exotic energy injections other than dark matter annihilation/decay. The code is available at https://github.com/hongwanliu/DarkHistory with documentation at https://darkhistory.readthedocs.io. Data files required to run the code can be downloaded at https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/DUOUWA.

Authors:
 [1];  [2]; ORCiD logo [1]
  1. Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States). Center for Theoretical Physics; Inst. for Advanced Study, Princeton, NJ (United States). School of Natural Sciences
  2. Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States). Center for Theoretical Physics
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP); MIT Research Support Committee; National Science Foundation (NSF)
OSTI Identifier:
1596611
Report Number(s):
MIT-CTP-5113
Journal ID: ISSN 2470-0010; PRVDAQ; arXiv:1904.09296; TRN: US2102895
Grant/Contract Number:  
SC0013999; SC00012567
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Physical Review D
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 101; Journal Issue: 2; Related Information: https://github.com/hongwanliu/DarkHistory; https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/DUOUWA; Journal ID: ISSN 2470-0010
Publisher:
American Physical Society (APS)
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; 72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS; 97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING; dark matter; cosmic rays & astroparticles

Citation Formats

Liu, Hongwan, Ridgway, Gregory W., and Slatyer, Tracy R. Code package for calculating modified cosmic ionization and thermal histories with dark matter and other exotic energy injections. United States: N. p., 2020. Web. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.101.023530.
Liu, Hongwan, Ridgway, Gregory W., & Slatyer, Tracy R. Code package for calculating modified cosmic ionization and thermal histories with dark matter and other exotic energy injections. United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.101.023530
Liu, Hongwan, Ridgway, Gregory W., and Slatyer, Tracy R. Thu . "Code package for calculating modified cosmic ionization and thermal histories with dark matter and other exotic energy injections". United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.101.023530. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1596611.
@article{osti_1596611,
title = {Code package for calculating modified cosmic ionization and thermal histories with dark matter and other exotic energy injections},
author = {Liu, Hongwan and Ridgway, Gregory W. and Slatyer, Tracy R.},
abstractNote = {Here we present a new public Python package, DarkHistory, for computing the effects of dark matter annihilation and decay on the temperature and ionization history of the early universe. DarkHistory simultaneously solves for the evolution of the free electron fraction and gas temperature, and for the cooling of annihilation/decay products and the secondary particles produced in the process. Consequently, we can self-consistently include the effects of both astrophysical and exotic sources of heating and ionization, and automatically take into account backreaction, where modifications to the ionization/temperature history in turn modify the energy-loss processes for injected particles. We introduce a number of worked examples, demonstrating how to use the code in a range of different configurations, in particular for arbitrary dark matter masses and annihilation/decay final states. Possible applications of DarkHistory include mapping out the effects of dark matter annihilation/decay on the global 21 cm signal and the epoch of reionization, as well as the effects of exotic energy injections other than dark matter annihilation/decay. The code is available at https://github.com/hongwanliu/DarkHistory with documentation at https://darkhistory.readthedocs.io. Data files required to run the code can be downloaded at https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/DUOUWA.},
doi = {10.1103/PhysRevD.101.023530},
journal = {Physical Review D},
number = 2,
volume = 101,
place = {United States},
year = {Thu Jan 30 00:00:00 EST 2020},
month = {Thu Jan 30 00:00:00 EST 2020}
}

Journal Article:
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record

Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 28 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science

Save / Share:

Works referenced in this record:

He II → He I recombination of primordial helium plasma including the effect of neutral hydrogen
journal, November 2008

  • Kholupenko, E. E.; Ivanchik, A. V.; Varshalovich, D. A.
  • Astronomy Letters, Vol. 34, Issue 11
  • DOI: 10.1134/S1063773708110017

An absorption profile centred at 78 megahertz in the sky-averaged spectrum
journal, March 2018

  • Bowman, Judd D.; Rogers, Alan E. E.; Monsalve, Raul A.
  • Nature, Vol. 555, Issue 7694
  • DOI: 10.1038/nature25792

Radiative Transfer in a Clumpy Universe. iv. new Synthesis Models of the Cosmic Uv/X-Ray Background
journal, February 2012


Cosmological constraints on exotic injection of electromagnetic energy
journal, March 2017

  • Poulin, Vivian; Lesgourgues, Julien; Serpico, Pasquale D.
  • Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, Vol. 2017, Issue 03
  • DOI: 10.1088/1475-7516/2017/03/043

21 cm limits on decaying dark matter and primordial black holes
journal, August 2018


Recombination of the Primeval Plasma
journal, July 1968

  • Peebles, P. J. E.
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 153
  • DOI: 10.1086/149628

The nature and evolution of the highly ionized near-zones in the absorption spectra of z = 6 quasars
journal, January 2007


Rich structure of nonthermal relativistic CMB spectral distortions from high energy particle cascades at redshifts z 2 × 10 5
journal, February 2019


Bremsstrahlung, Synchrotron Radiation, and Compton Scattering of High-Energy Electrons Traversing Dilute Gases
journal, April 1970


Consistent modelling of the meta-galactic UV background and the thermal/ionization history of the intergalactic medium
journal, January 2019

  • Puchwein, Ewald; Haardt, Francesco; Haehnelt, Martin G.
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 485, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stz222

CMB constraint on dark matter annihilation after Planck 2015
journal, May 2016


A tale of tails: Dark matter interpretations of the Fermi GeV excess in light of background model systematics
journal, March 2015


Weak corrections are relevant for dark matter indirect detection
journal, March 2011

  • Ciafaloni, Paolo; Comelli, Denis; Riotto, Antonio
  • Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, Vol. 2011, Issue 03
  • DOI: 10.1088/1475-7516/2011/03/019

Contributions to cosmic reionization from dark matter annihilation and decay
journal, September 2016


Erratum: PPPC 4 DM ID: a poor particle physicist cookbook for dark matter indirect detection
journal, October 2012

  • Cirelli, Marco; Corcella, Gennaro; Hektor, Andi
  • Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, Vol. 2012, Issue 10
  • DOI: 10.1088/1475-7516/2012/10/E01

HyRec: A fast and highly accurate primordial hydrogen and helium recombination code
journal, February 2011


Dark Matter annihilations in halos and high-redshift sources of reionization of the universe
journal, December 2015

  • Poulin, Vivian; Serpico, Pasquale D.; Lesgourgues, Julien
  • Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, Vol. 2015, Issue 12
  • DOI: 10.1088/1475-7516/2015/12/041

Do We Need Stars to Reionize the Universe at High Redshifts? Early Reionization by Decaying Heavy Sterile Neutrinos
journal, January 2004

  • Hansen, Steen H.; Haiman, Zoltan
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 600, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1086/379636

Effects of dark matter decay and annihilation on the high-redshift 21 cm background
journal, November 2006


Review of Particle Physics
journal, August 2018


Calculated Spectrum of Inverse-Compton-Scattered Photons
journal, March 1968


Rapid He II->He I recombination and radiation arising from this process
journal, June 2007

  • Kholupenko, E. E.; Ivanchik, A. V.; Varshalovich, D. A.
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters, Vol. 378, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-3933.2007.00316.x

21 cm cosmology in the 21st century
journal, July 2012


The Cosmic Linear Anisotropy Solving System (CLASS). Part II: Approximation schemes
journal, July 2011

  • Blas, Diego; Lesgourgues, Julien; Tram, Thomas
  • Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, Vol. 2011, Issue 07
  • DOI: 10.1088/1475-7516/2011/07/034

PPPC 4 DM ID: a poor particle physicist cookbook for dark matter indirect detection
journal, March 2011

  • Cirelli, Marco; Corcella, Gennaro; Hektor, Andi
  • Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, Vol. 2011, Issue 03
  • DOI: 10.1088/1475-7516/2011/03/051

Three-Photon Annihilation of an Electron-Positron Pair
journal, June 1949


Constraints on ALPs and excited dark matter from the EDGES 21 cm absorption signal
journal, October 2018


How well do we understand cosmological recombination?
journal, May 2008


Cosmological parameters from WMAP 5-year temperature maps
journal, July 2008


Constraints on dark matter annihilation from CMB observations before Planck
journal, July 2013

  • Lopez-Honorez, Laura; Mena, Olga; Palomares-Ruiz, Sergio
  • Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, Vol. 2013, Issue 07
  • DOI: 10.1088/1475-7516/2013/07/046

The mutual interaction between Population III stars and self-annihilating dark matter
journal, May 2014

  • Stacy, Athena; Pawlik, Andreas H.; Bromm, Volker
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 441, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stu621

Implications of a 21-cm signal for dark matter annihilation and decay
journal, July 2018


A New Calculation of the Recombination Epoch
journal, September 1999

  • Seager, S.; Sasselov, D. D.; Scott, D.
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 523, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1086/312250

Unveiling the nature of dark matter with high redshift 21 cm line experiments
journal, November 2014


Constraining primordial black holes with the EDGES 21-cm absorption signal
journal, July 2018


Towards a complete treatment of the cosmological recombination problem: Towards a complete treatment of recombination
journal, December 2010


The 21 cm signal and the interplay between dark matter annihilations and astrophysical processes
journal, August 2016

  • Lopez-Honorez, Laura; Mena, Olga; Moliné, Ángeles
  • Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, Vol. 2016, Issue 08
  • DOI: 10.1088/1475-7516/2016/08/004

Cosmology at low frequencies: The 21cm transition and the high-redshift Universe
journal, October 2006


How Exactly Did the Universe Become Neutral?
journal, June 2000

  • Seager, Sara; Sasselov, Dimitar D.; Scott, Douglas
  • The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 128, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1086/313388

General constraints on dark matter decay from the cosmic microwave background
journal, January 2017


Constraints on Dark Matter Interactions with Standard Model Particles from Cosmic Microwave Background Spectral Distortions
journal, August 2015


Inverse compton scattering on laser beam and monochromatic isotropic radiation
journal, May 1997

  • Fargion, Daniele; Konoplich, Rostislav V.; Salis, Andrea
  • Zeitschrift f�r Physik C Particles and Fields, Vol. 74, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1007/s002880050420

CMB bounds on dark matter annihilation: Nucleon energy losses after recombination
journal, June 2013


Energy deposition by weakly interacting massive particles: a comprehensive study: Energy deposition by WIMPs
journal, February 2012


Novel Dark Matter Constraints from Antiprotons in Light of AMS-02
journal, May 2017


Secondary ionization and heating by fast electrons
journal, March 2010


Weakly Interacting Massive Particle dark Matter and First Stars: Suppression of Fragmentation in Primordial star Formation
journal, December 2012


Possible Dark Matter Annihilation Signal in the AMS-02 Antiproton Data
journal, May 2017


The impact of dark matter decays and annihilations on the formation of the first structures: DM decays/annihilations and first structures
journal, February 2007


Constraining dark matter late-time energy injection: decays and p-wave annihilations
journal, February 2014

  • Diamanti, Roberta; Lopez-Honorez, Laura; Mena, Olga
  • Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, Vol. 2014, Issue 02
  • DOI: 10.1088/1475-7516/2014/02/017

Effect of primordial magnetic fields on the ionization history
journal, June 2015

  • Chluba, Jens; Paoletti, D.; Finelli, F.
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 451, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stv1096

Matplotlib: A 2D Graphics Environment
journal, January 2007


Exotic energy injection with ExoCLASS : application to the Higgs portal model and evaporating black holes
journal, March 2018

  • Stöcker, Patrick; Krämer, Michael; Lesgourgues, Julien
  • Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, Vol. 2018, Issue 03
  • DOI: 10.1088/1475-7516/2018/03/018

Effects of Dark Matter Annihilation on the Cosmic Microwave Background
journal, May 2010

  • Kanzaki, T.; Kawasaki, M.; Nakayama, K.
  • Progress of Theoretical Physics, Vol. 123, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.1143/PTP.123.853

Cython: The Best of Both Worlds
journal, March 2011

  • Behnel, Stefan; Bradshaw, Robert; Citro, Craig
  • Computing in Science & Engineering, Vol. 13, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1109/MCSE.2010.118

Electron and photon energy deposition in the Universe
journal, November 2008


Compton scattering of blackbody photons by relativistic electrons
journal, October 2013

  • Zdziarski, Andrzej A.; Pjanka, Patryk
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 436, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stt1773

Particle energy cascade in the intergalactic medium
journal, March 2010


The NumPy Array: A Structure for Efficient Numerical Computation
journal, March 2011

  • van der Walt, Stéfan; Colbert, S. Chris; Varoquaux, Gaël
  • Computing in Science & Engineering, Vol. 13, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1109/MCSE.2011.37

Systematic uncertainties in constraining dark matter annihilation from the cosmic microwave background
journal, September 2013


Energy injection and absorption in the cosmic dark ages
journal, June 2013


Planck intermediate results : XLVII.
journal, December 2016