Beating the thermodynamic limit with photo-activation of n-doping in organic semiconductors
Abstract
Chemical doping of organic semiconductors using molecular dopants plays a key role in the fabrication of efficient organic electronic devices. While a variety of stable molecular p-dopants have been developed and successfully deployed in devices in the past decade, air-stable molecular n-dopants suitable for materials with low electron affinity are still elusive. In this work we demonstrate that photo-activation of a cleavable air-stable dimeric dopant can result in kinetically stable and efficient n-doping of host semiconductors, whose reduction potentials are beyond the thermodynamic reach of the dimer’s effective reducing strength. Electron-transport layers doped in this manner are used to fabricate high-efficiency organic light-emitting diodes. This strategy thus enables a new paradigm for using air-stable molecular dopants to improve conductivity in, and provide ohmic contacts to, organic semiconductors with very low electron affinity.
- Authors:
-
[1];
[2];
[1];
[1];
[1];
[3];
[1]
- Princeton Univ., NJ (United States)
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin (HZB), (Germany). German Research Centre for Materials and Energy; Humboldt Univ. of Berlin (Germany)
- Georgia Inst. of Technology, Atlanta, GA (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Princeton Univ., NJ (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES) (SC-22). Materials Sciences & Engineering Division; USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Energy Efficiency Office. Building Technologies Office; National Science Foundation (NSF)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1595457
- Grant/Contract Number:
- SC0012458; EE0006672; DMR-1305247; DMR-1506097
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Nature Materials
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 16; Journal Issue: 12; Journal ID: ISSN 1476-1122
- Publisher:
- Springer Nature - Nature Publishing Group
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
Citation Formats
Lin, Xin, Wegner, Berthold, Lee, Kyung Min, Fusella, Michael A., Zhang, Fengyu, Moudgil, Karttikay, Rand, Barry P., Barlow, Stephen, Marder, Seth R., Koch, Norbert, and Kahn, Antoine. Beating the thermodynamic limit with photo-activation of n-doping in organic semiconductors. United States: N. p., 2017.
Web. doi:10.1038/nmat5027.
Lin, Xin, Wegner, Berthold, Lee, Kyung Min, Fusella, Michael A., Zhang, Fengyu, Moudgil, Karttikay, Rand, Barry P., Barlow, Stephen, Marder, Seth R., Koch, Norbert, & Kahn, Antoine. Beating the thermodynamic limit with photo-activation of n-doping in organic semiconductors. United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat5027
Lin, Xin, Wegner, Berthold, Lee, Kyung Min, Fusella, Michael A., Zhang, Fengyu, Moudgil, Karttikay, Rand, Barry P., Barlow, Stephen, Marder, Seth R., Koch, Norbert, and Kahn, Antoine. Mon .
"Beating the thermodynamic limit with photo-activation of n-doping in organic semiconductors". United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat5027. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1595457.
@article{osti_1595457,
title = {Beating the thermodynamic limit with photo-activation of n-doping in organic semiconductors},
author = {Lin, Xin and Wegner, Berthold and Lee, Kyung Min and Fusella, Michael A. and Zhang, Fengyu and Moudgil, Karttikay and Rand, Barry P. and Barlow, Stephen and Marder, Seth R. and Koch, Norbert and Kahn, Antoine},
abstractNote = {Chemical doping of organic semiconductors using molecular dopants plays a key role in the fabrication of efficient organic electronic devices. While a variety of stable molecular p-dopants have been developed and successfully deployed in devices in the past decade, air-stable molecular n-dopants suitable for materials with low electron affinity are still elusive. In this work we demonstrate that photo-activation of a cleavable air-stable dimeric dopant can result in kinetically stable and efficient n-doping of host semiconductors, whose reduction potentials are beyond the thermodynamic reach of the dimer’s effective reducing strength. Electron-transport layers doped in this manner are used to fabricate high-efficiency organic light-emitting diodes. This strategy thus enables a new paradigm for using air-stable molecular dopants to improve conductivity in, and provide ohmic contacts to, organic semiconductors with very low electron affinity.},
doi = {10.1038/nmat5027},
journal = {Nature Materials},
number = 12,
volume = 16,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Nov 13 00:00:00 EST 2017},
month = {Mon Nov 13 00:00:00 EST 2017}
}
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record
Other availability
Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal
Cited by: 86 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science
Web of Science
Save to My Library
You must Sign In or Create an Account in order to save documents to your library.
Works referenced in this record:
Contorted Hexabenzocoronenes with Extended Heterocyclic Moieties Improve Visible-Light Absorption and Performance in Organic Solar Cells
journal, January 2016
- Davy, Nicholas C.; Man, Gabriel; Kerner, Ross A.
- Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 28, Issue 2
Use of a 1 H -Benzoimidazole Derivative as an n -Type Dopant and To Enable Air-Stable Solution-Processed n -Channel Organic Thin-Film Transistors
journal, July 2010
- Wei, Peng; Oh, Joon Hak; Dong, Guifang
- Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 132, Issue 26
Pyronin B as a donor for n -type doping of organic thin films
journal, June 2003
- Werner, A. G.; Li, F.; Harada, K.
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 82, Issue 25
Doping of organic semiconductors
journal, December 2012
- Lüssem, B.; Riede, M.; Leo, K.
- physica status solidi (a), Vol. 210, Issue 1
Trap-free electron transport in poly( -phenylene vinylene) by deactivation of traps with -type doping
journal, February 2010
- Zhang, Yuan; de Boer, Bert; Blom, Paul W. M.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 81, Issue 8
Molecular n-Type Doping of 1,4,5,8-Naphthalene Tetracarboxylic Dianhydride by Pyronin B Studied Using Direct and Inverse Photoelectron Spectroscopies
journal, April 2006
- Chan, C. K.; Kim, E. -G.; Brédas, J. -L.
- Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 16, Issue 6
High-current Injection and Transport on Order of kA/cm 2 in Organic Light-emitting Diodes Having Mixed Organic/Organic Heterojunction Interfaces
journal, September 2007
- Matsushima, Toshinori; Adachi, Chihaya
- Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 46, Issue No. 35
Electron affinities of organic materials used for organic light-emitting diodes: A low-energy inverse photoemission study
journal, May 2015
- Yoshida, Hiroyuki; Yoshizaki, Kei
- Organic Electronics, Vol. 20
Effective Solution- and Vacuum-Processed n-Doping by Dimers of Benzimidazoline Radicals
journal, April 2014
- Naab, Benjamin D.; Zhang, Siyuan; Vandewal, Koen
- Advanced Materials, Vol. 26, Issue 25
Electron-hole interaction energy in the organic molecular semiconductor PTCDA
journal, June 1997
- Wu, C. I.; Hirose, Y.; Sirringhaus, H.
- Chemical Physics Letters, Vol. 272, Issue 1-2, p. 43-47
Alternative p-doped hole transport material for low operating voltage and high efficiency organic light-emitting diodes
journal, September 2014
- Murawski, Caroline; Fuchs, Cornelius; Hofmann, Simone
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 105, Issue 11
Doped organic transistors operating in the inversion and depletion regime
journal, November 2013
- Lüssem, Björn; Tietze, Max L.; Kleemann, Hans
- Nature Communications, Vol. 4, Issue 1
n-Doping of Organic Electronic Materials using Air-Stable Organometallics
journal, November 2011
- Guo, Song; Kim, Sang Bok; Mohapatra, Swagat K.
- Advanced Materials, Vol. 24, Issue 5, p. 699-703
Doped polymer semiconductors with ultrahigh and ultralow work functions for ohmic contacts
journal, November 2016
- Tang, Cindy G.; Ang, Mervin C. Y.; Choo, Kim-Kian
- Nature, Vol. 539, Issue 7630
White organic light-emitting diodes with fluorescent tube efficiency
journal, May 2009
- Reineke, Sebastian; Lindner, Frank; Schwartz, Gregor
- Nature, Vol. 459, Issue 7244
Improved organic p-i-n type solar cells with n-doped fluorinated hexaazatrinaphthylene derivatives HATNA-F 6 and HATNA-F 12 as transparent electron transport material
journal, February 2014
- Selzer, Franz; Falkenberg, Christiane; Hamburger, Manuel
- Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 115, Issue 5
Efficient two layer leds on a polymer blend basis
journal, June 1995
- Pommerehne, Jörn; Vestweber, Horst; Guss, Werner
- Advanced Materials, Vol. 7, Issue 6
High performance polythiophene thin-film transistors doped with very small amounts of an electron acceptor
journal, February 2008
- Ma, Liang; Lee, Wi Hyoung; Park, Yeong Don
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 92, Issue 6
Dimers of Nineteen-Electron Sandwich Compounds: Crystal and Electronic Structures, and Comparison of Reducing Strengths
journal, October 2014
- Mohapatra, Swagat K.; Fonari, Alexandr; Risko, Chad
- Chemistry - A European Journal, Vol. 20, Issue 47
Highly Efficient Organic Devices Based on Electrically Doped Transport Layers
journal, April 2007
- Walzer, K.; Maennig, B.; Pfeiffer, M.
- Chemical Reviews, Vol. 107, Issue 4
High Mobility N-Type Transistors Based on Solution-Sheared Doped 6,13-Bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)pentacene Thin Films
journal, July 2013
- Naab, Benjamin D.; Himmelberger, Scott; Diao, Ying
- Advanced Materials, Vol. 25, Issue 33
Halogenation of a Nonplanar Molecular Semiconductor to Tune Energy Levels and Bandgaps for Electron Transport
journal, February 2015
- Hiszpanski, Anna M.; Saathoff, Jonathan D.; Shaw, Leo
- Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 27, Issue 5
2-(2-Methoxyphenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1 H -benzoimidazol-3-ium Iodide as a New Air-Stable n-Type Dopant for Vacuum-Processed Organic Semiconductor Thin Films
journal, February 2012
- Wei, Peng; Menke, Torben; Naab, Benjamin D.
- Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 134, Issue 9
Suppression of exciton annihilation at high current densities in organic light-emitting diode resulting from energy-level alignments of carrier transport layers
journal, February 2008
- Matsushima, Toshinori; Adachi, Chihaya
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 92, Issue 6
Electron Transport Materials for Organic Light-Emitting Diodes
journal, November 2004
- Kulkarni, Abhishek P.; Tonzola, Christopher J.; Babel, Amit
- Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 16, Issue 23
Improved Efficiency in Blue Phosphorescent Organic Light-Emitting Devices Using Host Materials of Lower Triplet Energy than the Phosphorescent Blue Emitter
journal, July 2011
- Swensen, James S.; Polikarpov, Evgueni; Von Ruden, Amber
- Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 21, Issue 17
Leuco Crystal Violet as a Dopant for n-Doping of Organic Thin Films of Fullerene C 60
journal, November 2004
- Li, Fenghong; Werner, Ansgar; Pfeiffer, Martin
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 108, Issue 44
Mechanistic Study on the Solution-Phase n-Doping of 1,3-Dimethyl-2-aryl-2,3-dihydro-1 H -benzoimidazole Derivatives
journal, September 2013
- Naab, Benjamin D.; Guo, Song; Olthof, Selina
- Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 135, Issue 40
Toward a comprehensive understanding of molecular doping organic semiconductors (review)
journal, October 2015
- Salzmann, Ingo; Heimel, Georg
- Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena, Vol. 204
Solution doping of organic semiconductors using air-stable n-dopants
journal, February 2012
- Qi, Yabing; Mohapatra, Swagat K.; Bok Kim, Sang
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 100, Issue 8
p-type doping effect on the performance of organic-inorganic hybrid solar cells
journal, December 2011
- Lei, Xiaofei; Zhang, Fute; Song, Tao
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 99, Issue 23
Extremely low-voltage driving of organic light-emitting diodes with a Cs-doped phenyldipyrenylphosphine oxide layer as an electron-injection layer
journal, January 2005
- Oyamada, Takahito; Sasabe, Hiroyuki; Adachi, Chihaya
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 86, Issue 3
n-Doping of Organic Electronic Materials Using Air-Stable Organometallics: A Mechanistic Study of Reduction by Dimeric Sandwich Compounds
journal, October 2012
- Guo, Song; Mohapatra, Swagat K.; Romanov, Alexander
- Chemistry - A European Journal, Vol. 18, Issue 46
Triplet emitter doped exciton harvesting layer for improved efficiency and long lifetime in blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes
journal, October 2016
- Choi, Jeong Min; Lee, Jun Yeob
- Synthetic Metals, Vol. 220
Dopant controlled trap-filling and conductivity enhancement in an electron-transport polymer
journal, April 2015
- Higgins, Andrew; Mohapatra, Swagat K.; Barlow, Stephen
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 106, Issue 16
Molecular n-type doping for air-stable electron transport in vacuum-processed n-channel organic transistors
journal, December 2010
- Oh, Joon Hak; Wei, Peng; Bao, Zhenan
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 97, Issue 24
Ultralow Doping in Organic Semiconductors: Evidence of Trap Filling
journal, October 2012
- Olthof, Selina; Mehraeen, Shafigh; Mohapatra, Swagat K.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 109, Issue 17
Solution phase n-doping of C 60 and PCBM using tetrabutylammonium fluoride
journal, January 2014
- Weber, C. D.; Bradley, C.; Lonergan, M. C.
- J. Mater. Chem. A, Vol. 2, Issue 2
Passivation of trap states in unpurified and purified C 60 and the influence on organic field-effect transistor performance
journal, December 2012
- Olthof, Selina; Singh, Sanjeev; Mohapatra, Swagat K.
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 101, Issue 25
Dipyrazolopyridine derivatives as bright blue electroluminescent materials
journal, January 2000
- Tao, Y. T.; Balasubramaniam, E.; Danel, A.
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 77, Issue 7
Solubility-Limited Extrinsic n-Type Doping of a High Electron Mobility Polymer for Thermoelectric Applications
journal, January 2014
- Schlitz, Ruth A.; Brunetti, Fulvio G.; Glaudell, Anne M.
- Advanced Materials, Vol. 26, Issue 18
White Organic Light-Emitting Diodes with Fluorescent Tube Efficiency
journal, January 2009
- Reineke, Sebastian; Lindner, Frank; Schwartz, Gregor
- MRS Proceedings, Vol. 1212
Highly Efficient Organic Devices Based on Electrically Doped Transport Layers
journal, July 2007
- Walzer, K.; Maennig, B.; Pfeiffer, M.
- ChemInform, Vol. 38, Issue 31
Works referencing / citing this record:
Strategies on Phase Control in Transition Metal Dichalcogenides
journal, August 2018
- Wang, Renyan; Yu, Yiwei; Zhou, Shasha
- Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 28, Issue 47
Multichannel Strategies to Produce Stabilized Azaphenalene Diradicals: A Predictable Model to Generate Self-Doped Cathode Interfacial Layers for Organic Photovoltaics
journal, November 2018
- Yin, Xiaojun; Liu, Xiaohui; Peng, Yuhao
- Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 29, Issue 4
Deep‐Red/Near‐Infrared Electroluminescence from Single‐Component Charge‐Transfer Complex via Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Channel
journal, July 2019
- Chen, Wen‐Cheng; Huang, Bin; Ni, Shao‐Fei
- Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 29, Issue 38
Recent Progress on 2D Noble‐Transition‐Metal Dichalcogenides
journal, October 2019
- Pi, Lejing; Li, Liang; Liu, Kailang
- Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 29, Issue 51
Walking the Route to GHz Solution‐Processed Organic Electronics: A HEROIC Exploration
journal, December 2019
- Perinot, Andrea; Passarella, Bianca; Giorgio, Michele
- Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 30, Issue 20
Epitaxial Growth of Honeycomb Monolayer CuSe with Dirac Nodal Line Fermions
journal, March 2018
- Gao, Lei; Sun, Jia-Tao; Lu, Jian-Chen
- Advanced Materials, Vol. 30, Issue 16
Interface Characterization and Control of 2D Materials and Heterostructures
journal, July 2018
- Liu, Xiaolong; Hersam, Mark C.
- Advanced Materials, Vol. 30, Issue 39
Doping: A Key Enabler for Organic Transistors
journal, August 2018
- Xu, Yong; Sun, Huabin; Liu, Ao
- Advanced Materials, Vol. 30, Issue 46
N-Type Organic Thermoelectrics of Donor-Acceptor Copolymers: Improved Power Factor by Molecular Tailoring of the Density of States
journal, September 2018
- Liu, Jian; Ye, Gang; Zee, Bas van der
- Advanced Materials, Vol. 30, Issue 44
Toward Design of Novel Materials for Organic Electronics
journal, April 2019
- Friederich, Pascal; Fediai, Artem; Kaiser, Simon
- Advanced Materials, Vol. 31, Issue 26
Tunable Moiré Superlattice of Artificially Twisted Monolayers
journal, July 2019
- Chen, Po‐Yen; Zhang, Xin‐Quan; Lai, Ying‐Yu
- Advanced Materials, Vol. 31, Issue 37
Universal Strategy for Efficient Electron Injection into Organic Semiconductors Utilizing Hydrogen Bonds
journal, September 2019
- Fukagawa, Hirohiko; Hasegawa, Munehiro; Morii, Katsuyuki
- Advanced Materials, Vol. 31, Issue 43
Molecular Semiconductors for Logic Operations: Dead‐End or Bright Future?
journal, January 2020
- Schweicher, Guillaume; Garbay, Guillaume; Jouclas, Rémy
- Advanced Materials, Vol. 32, Issue 10
Bias‐Induced Electrochemical Electron Doping of Organic Semiconductor Contacts
journal, August 2019
- Zhao, Chao; Utama, Adrian Nugraha; Choo, Kim‐Kian
- Advanced Materials Interfaces, Vol. 6, Issue 19
Optically Pumped Lasing from Hybrid Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes
journal, November 2019
- Kim, Hoyeon; Roh, Kwangdong; Murphy, John P.
- Advanced Optical Materials, Vol. 8, Issue 1
Tunable Topological Energy Bands in 2D Dialkali‐Metal Monoxides
journal, January 2020
- Hua, Chenqiang; Li, Si; Xu, Zhu‐An
- Advanced Science, Vol. 7, Issue 4
Phase-Engineered PtSe 2 -Layered Films by a Plasma-Assisted Selenization Process toward All PtSe 2 -Based Field Effect Transistor to Highly Sensitive, Flexible, and Wide-Spectrum Photoresponse Photodetectors
journal, April 2018
- Su, Teng-Yu; Medina, Henry; Chen, Yu-Ze
- Small, Vol. 14, Issue 19
Ultrafast Carrier Dynamics and Bandgap Renormalization in Layered PtSe 2
journal, July 2019
- Wang, Gaozhong; Wang, Kangpeng; McEvoy, Niall
- Small, Vol. 15, Issue 34
Recent Progress in Photocatalytic CO 2 Reduction Over Perovskite Oxides
journal, September 2017
- Shi, Run; Waterhouse, Geoffrey I. N.; Zhang, Tierui
- Solar RRL, Vol. 1, Issue 11
Ultrafast and sensitive photodetector based on a PtSe2/silicon nanowire array heterojunction with a multiband spectral response from 200 to 1550 nm
journal, April 2018
- Zeng, Longhui; Lin, Shenghuang; Lou, Zhenhua
- NPG Asia Materials, Vol. 10, Issue 4
Insight into doping efficiency of organic semiconductors from the analysis of the density of states in n-doped C60 and ZnPc
journal, February 2018
- Gaul, Christopher; Hutsch, Sebastian; Schwarze, Martin
- Nature Materials, Vol. 17, Issue 5
Double doping of conjugated polymers with monomer molecular dopants
journal, January 2019
- Kiefer, David; Kroon, Renee; Hofmann, Anna I.
- Nature Materials, Vol. 18, Issue 2
Efficient molecular doping of polymeric semiconductors driven by anion exchange
journal, August 2019
- Yamashita, Yu; Tsurumi, Junto; Ohno, Masahiro
- Nature, Vol. 572, Issue 7771
Novel structured transition metal dichalcogenide nanosheets
journal, January 2018
- Zhang, Xiao; Lai, Zhuangchai; Ma, Qinglang
- Chemical Society Reviews, Vol. 47, Issue 9
The organic–2D transition metal dichalcogenide heterointerface
journal, January 2018
- Huang, Yu Li; Zheng, Yu Jie; Song, Zhibo
- Chemical Society Reviews, Vol. 47, Issue 9
Epitaxial growth and physical properties of 2D materials beyond graphene: from monatomic materials to binary compounds
journal, January 2018
- Li, Geng; Zhang, Yu-Yang; Guo, Hui
- Chemical Society Reviews, Vol. 47, Issue 16
Reduced Pyronin B as a solution-processable and heating-free n-type dopant for soft electronics
journal, January 2018
- Lee, Eun Kwang; Kim, Yonghee; Back, Jisu
- Journal of Materials Chemistry C, Vol. 6, Issue 25
Efficient ITO-free organic light-emitting devices with dual-functional PSS-rich PEDOT:PSS electrode by enhancing carrier balance
journal, January 2019
- Liu, Shihao; Yu, Hongwei; Zhang, Qingyang
- Journal of Materials Chemistry C, Vol. 7, Issue 18
Self-doping n-type polymer as a cathode interface layer enables efficient organic solar cells by increasing built-in electric field and boosting interface contact
journal, January 2019
- Wang, Yufei; Liang, Zezhou; Li, Xiaoming
- Journal of Materials Chemistry C, Vol. 7, Issue 36
Enhancement in electron transport and exciton confinement in OLEDs: role of n-type doping and electron blocking layers
journal, April 2019
- Soman, Anjaly; Unni, K. N. Narayanan
- The European Physical Journal Applied Physics, Vol. 86, Issue 1
Ferromagnetism regulated by edged cutting and optical identification in monolayer PtSe 2 nanoribbons
journal, May 2018
- Meng, Ming; Zhang, QiZhen; Wang, Lifen
- Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol. 51, Issue 22
Enhanced electron current in inverted organic light emitting diodes with an n -doped electron transport layer adopting high and low doping levels
journal, January 2018
- Qin, Dashan; Shi, Zhihua; Cao, Huan
- Materials Research Express, Vol. 5, Issue 1
Synthesis and properties of Cu/CuO nanostructures obtained by electrochemical deposition
journal, March 2018
- Kenzhina, I. E.; Zdorovets, M. V.; Kozlovskiy, A. L.
- Materials Research Express, Vol. 5, Issue 3
Nanostructured Graphene: An Active Component in Optoelectronic Devices
journal, May 2018
- Kim, Chang-Hyun
- Nanomaterials, Vol. 8, Issue 5
Doping: A Key Enabler for Organic Transistors
journal, July 2019
- Xu, Yong; Sun, Huabin; Liu, Ao
- Advanced Materials, Vol. 31, Issue 35
Molecular Doping of a High Mobility Diketopyrrolopyrrole–Dithienylthieno[3,2- b ]thiophene Donor–Acceptor Copolymer with F6TCNNQ
journal, January 2017
- Karpov, Yevhen; Erdmann, Tim; Stamm, Manfred
- Macromolecules, Vol. 50, Issue 3
Toward Design of Novel Materials for Organic Electronics
text, January 2019
- Friederich, P.; Fediai, A.; Kaiser, S.
- Wiley
Tunable Topological Energy Bands in 2D Dialkali-Metal Monoxides
text, January 2019
- Hua, Chenqiang; Li, Si; Xu, Zhu-An
- arXiv
Making silver a stronger n-dopant than cesium via in situ coordination reaction for organic electronics
journal, February 2019
- Bin, Zhengyang; Dong, Guifang; Wei, Pengcheng
- Nature Communications, Vol. 10, Issue 1
Nanostructured Graphene: An Active Component in Optoelectronic Devices
journal, May 2018
- Kim, Chang-Hyun
- Nanomaterials, Vol. 8, Issue 5