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Title: Crystal Chemistry, Band-Gap Red Shift, and Electrocatalytic Activity of Iron-Doped Gallium Oxide Ceramics

Abstract

This work for the first time unfurls the fundamental mechanisms and set the stage for an approach to derive electrocatalytic activity, which is otherwise not possible, in a traditionally known wide band gap oxide material. Specifically, we report on the tunable optical properties, in terms of wide spectral selectivity and red-shifted band gap, and electrocatalytic behavior of iron (Fe) doped gallium oxide (ß-Ga2O3) model system. X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies of sintered Ga2-xFexO3 (GFO) (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.3) compounds provide evidence for the Fe3+ substitution at Ga3+ site without any secondary phase formation. Rietveld refinement of XRD patterns reveal that the GFO compounds crystallize in monoclinic crystal symmetry with C2/m space group. The electronic structure of the GFO compounds probed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data reveals that, at lower concentrations of Fe exhibits mixed chemical valence states (Fe3+, Fe2+), whereas single chemical valence state (Fe3+) is evident for higher Fe content (x = 0.20-0.30). The optical absorption spectra reveal a significant red shift in the optical band gap with Fe doping. The origin of the significant red shift even at low concentrations of Fe (x = 0.05) is attributed to the strong sp-d exchange interaction originated from the 3d5 electronsmore » of Fe3+. The optical absorption edge observed at ˜450 nm with lower intensity is the characteristic of Fe doped compounds associated with Fe3+- Fe3+ double excitation process. Coupled with optical band gap red shift, electrocatalytic studies of GFO compounds reveals that, interestingly, Fe doped Ga2O3 compound exhibits electrocatalytic activity in contrast to intrinsic Ga2O3. Fe doped samples (GFO) demonstrated appreciable electrocatalytic activity towards the generation of H2 through electrocatalytic water splitting. An onset potential and tafel slope of GFO compounds includes: ~900 mV, ~210 mVdec-1 (x = 0.15) and ~1036 mV, ~290 mVdec-1 (x = 0.30). The electrocatalytic activity of Fe doped Ga-oxide compounds is attributed to cumulative effect of different mechanisms such as; doping resulted new catalytic centers, enhanced conductivity and electron mobility. Hence, in this report, for the first time, we explored a new pathway; electrocatalytic behavior of Fe doped Ga2O3 resulted due to Fe chemical states, red shift in optical band gap. The implications derived from this work may be applicable to a large class of compounds and further options may be available to design functional materials for electrocatalytic energy production.« less

Authors:
 [1];  [2]; ORCiD logo [1];  [1]; ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [3]; ORCiD logo [1]
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. Univ. of Texas at El Paso, TX (United States)
  2. Univ. of Texas at El Paso, TX (United States); Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
  3. Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE
OSTI Identifier:
1592690
Report Number(s):
PNNL-SA-141643
Journal ID: ISSN 2470-1343
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC05-76RL01830
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
ACS Omega
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 5; Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 2470-1343
Publisher:
American Chemical Society (ACS)
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY; Gallium Oxide; Iron Doping; Structure; Optical Properties

Citation Formats

Mallesham, Bandi, Roy, Swadipta, Bose, Saptasree, Nair, Aruna N., Sreenivasan, Sreeprasad, Shutthanandan, Vaithiyalingam, and Ramana, Chintalapalle V. Crystal Chemistry, Band-Gap Red Shift, and Electrocatalytic Activity of Iron-Doped Gallium Oxide Ceramics. United States: N. p., 2019. Web. doi:10.1021/acsomega.9b01604.
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Mallesham, Bandi, Roy, Swadipta, Bose, Saptasree, Nair, Aruna N., Sreenivasan, Sreeprasad, Shutthanandan, Vaithiyalingam, & Ramana, Chintalapalle V. Crystal Chemistry, Band-Gap Red Shift, and Electrocatalytic Activity of Iron-Doped Gallium Oxide Ceramics. United States. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.9b01604
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Mallesham, Bandi, Roy, Swadipta, Bose, Saptasree, Nair, Aruna N., Sreenivasan, Sreeprasad, Shutthanandan, Vaithiyalingam, and Ramana, Chintalapalle V. Fri . "Crystal Chemistry, Band-Gap Red Shift, and Electrocatalytic Activity of Iron-Doped Gallium Oxide Ceramics". United States. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.9b01604. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1592690.
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@article{osti_1592690,
title = {Crystal Chemistry, Band-Gap Red Shift, and Electrocatalytic Activity of Iron-Doped Gallium Oxide Ceramics},
author = {Mallesham, Bandi and Roy, Swadipta and Bose, Saptasree and Nair, Aruna N. and Sreenivasan, Sreeprasad and Shutthanandan, Vaithiyalingam and Ramana, Chintalapalle V.},
abstractNote = {This work for the first time unfurls the fundamental mechanisms and set the stage for an approach to derive electrocatalytic activity, which is otherwise not possible, in a traditionally known wide band gap oxide material. Specifically, we report on the tunable optical properties, in terms of wide spectral selectivity and red-shifted band gap, and electrocatalytic behavior of iron (Fe) doped gallium oxide (ß-Ga2O3) model system. X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies of sintered Ga2-xFexO3 (GFO) (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.3) compounds provide evidence for the Fe3+ substitution at Ga3+ site without any secondary phase formation. Rietveld refinement of XRD patterns reveal that the GFO compounds crystallize in monoclinic crystal symmetry with C2/m space group. The electronic structure of the GFO compounds probed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data reveals that, at lower concentrations of Fe exhibits mixed chemical valence states (Fe3+, Fe2+), whereas single chemical valence state (Fe3+) is evident for higher Fe content (x = 0.20-0.30). The optical absorption spectra reveal a significant red shift in the optical band gap with Fe doping. The origin of the significant red shift even at low concentrations of Fe (x = 0.05) is attributed to the strong sp-d exchange interaction originated from the 3d5 electrons of Fe3+. The optical absorption edge observed at ˜450 nm with lower intensity is the characteristic of Fe doped compounds associated with Fe3+- Fe3+ double excitation process. Coupled with optical band gap red shift, electrocatalytic studies of GFO compounds reveals that, interestingly, Fe doped Ga2O3 compound exhibits electrocatalytic activity in contrast to intrinsic Ga2O3. Fe doped samples (GFO) demonstrated appreciable electrocatalytic activity towards the generation of H2 through electrocatalytic water splitting. An onset potential and tafel slope of GFO compounds includes: ~900 mV, ~210 mVdec-1 (x = 0.15) and ~1036 mV, ~290 mVdec-1 (x = 0.30). The electrocatalytic activity of Fe doped Ga-oxide compounds is attributed to cumulative effect of different mechanisms such as; doping resulted new catalytic centers, enhanced conductivity and electron mobility. Hence, in this report, for the first time, we explored a new pathway; electrocatalytic behavior of Fe doped Ga2O3 resulted due to Fe chemical states, red shift in optical band gap. The implications derived from this work may be applicable to a large class of compounds and further options may be available to design functional materials for electrocatalytic energy production.},
doi = {10.1021/acsomega.9b01604},
journal = {ACS Omega},
number = 1,
volume = 5,
place = {United States},
year = {Fri Dec 27 00:00:00 EST 2019},
month = {Fri Dec 27 00:00:00 EST 2019}
}
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Formation of spinel-type gallium oxynitrides: a density-functional study of binary and ternary phases in the system Ga–O–N
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Influence of Sn and Cr Doping on Morphology and Luminescence of Thermally Grown Ga 2 O 3 Nanowires
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Effects of Zn2+ and Pb2+ dopants on the activity of Ga2O3-based photocatalysts for water splitting
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Controlled optical properties via chemical composition tuning in molybdenum-incorporated β-Ga2O3 nanocrystalline films
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Direct, functional relationship between structural and optical properties in titanium-incorporated gallium oxide nanocrystalline thin films
journal, February 2017

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Comments on “A study of amorphous Ti–Ni alloys by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy”
journal, April 2006

Correlation between Structure, Chemistry, and Dielectric Properties of Iron-Doped Gallium Oxide (Ga 2– x Fe x O 3 )
journal, October 2018

  • Roy, Swadipta; Mallesham, B.; Zade, Vishal B.
  • The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 122, Issue 48
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Tungsten Incorporation into Gallium Oxide: Crystal Structure, Surface and Interface Chemistry, Thermal Stability, and Interdiffusion
journal, November 2016

  • Rubio, E. J.; Mates, T. E.; Manandhar, S.
  • The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 120, Issue 47
  • DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b05487

Chemical bonding, optical constants, and electrical resistivity of sputter-deposited gallium oxide thin films
journal, January 2014

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In-Doped Gallium Oxide Micro- and Nanostructures: Morphology, Structure, and Luminescence Properties
journal, February 2012

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Phase Tuning of Nanostructured Gallium Oxide via Hybridization with Reduced Graphene Oxide for Superior Anode Performance in Li-Ion Battery: An Experimental and Theoretical Study
journal, August 2015

  • Patil, Sharad B.; Kim, In Young; Gunjakar, Jayavant L.
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Third‐order nonlinear optical properties of sol–gel derived α‐Fe 2 O 3 , γ‐Fe 2 O 3 , and Fe 3 O 4 thin films
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Structural and optical properties of Ba(Cox,Ti1−x)O3 thin films fabricatedby sol-gel process
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