Search Menu
DOE PAGES title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information
Search Scholarly Publications

Title: Comparison of heavy-ion transport simulations: Collision integral with pions and Δ resonances in a box

Abstract

Simulations by transport codes are indispensable for extracting valuable physical information from heavy-ion collisions. Pion observables such as the π-/π+ yield ratio are expected to be sensitive to the symmetry energy at high densities. To evaluate, understand, and reduce the uncertainties in transport-code results originating from different approximations in handling the production of Δ resonances and pions. We compare ten transport codes under controlled conditions for a system confined in a box, with periodic boundary conditions, and initialized with nucleons at saturation density and at a temperature of 60 MeV. The reactions NN↔NΔ and Δ↔Nπ are implemented, but the Pauli blocking and the mean-field potential are deactivated in the present comparison. Thus, these are cascade calculations including pions and Δ resonances. Results are compared to those from the two reference cases of a chemically equilibrated ideal gas mixture and of the rate equation. For the numbers of Δ and π, deviations from the reference values are observed in many codes, and they depend significantly on the size of the time step. These deviations are tied to different ways in ordering the sequence of reactions, such as collisions and decays, that take place in the same time step. Better agreements withmore » the reference values are seen in the reaction rates and the number ratios among the isospin species of Δ and π. Both the reaction rates and the number ratios are, however, affected by the correlations between particle positions, which are absent in the Boltzmann equation, but are induced by the way particle scatterings are treated in many of the transport calculations. The uncertainty in the transport-code predictions of the π-/π+ ratio, after letting the existing Δ resonances decay, is found to be within a few percent for the system initialized at n/p=1.5. In conclusion, the uncertainty in the final π-/π+ ratio in this simplified case of particles in a box is sufficiently small so that it does not strongly impact constraining the high-density symmetry energy from heavy-ion collisions. Most of the sources of uncertainties have been understood, and individual codes may be further improved in future applications. This investigation will be extended in the future to heavy-ion collisions to ensure the problems identified here remain under control.« less

Authors:
ORCiD logo [1];  [2];  [3];  [4];  [5];  [4];  [6];  [7];  [8];  [9];  [10];  [11];  [12];  [13];  [14];  [15];  [16];  [17];  [18];  [19] more »;  [20];  [21];  [22];  [20] « less
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. Tohoku Univ., Sendai (Japan)
  2. Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing (China)
  3. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) - Lab. Nazionali del Sud, Catania (Italy)
  4. Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI (United States). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy
  5. Texas A & M Univ., College Station, TX (United States)
  6. Huzhou Univ., Huzhou (China)
  7. Univ. of Munich, Garching (Germany)
  8. China Inst. of Atomic Energy, Beijing (China); Guangxi Key Lab. Breeding Base of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Guilin (China)
  9. Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ. (China)
  10. Horia Hulubei National Inst. of Physics and Nuclear Engineering (Romania)
  11. GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt (Germany); Goethe Univ., Frankfurt (Germany)
  12. South China Univ. of Technology, Guangzhou (China)
  13. Tottori Univ., Tottori (Japan); RIKEN Nishina Center (Japan)
  14. Texas A & M Univ., Commerce, TX (United States)
  15. Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata (India)
  16. Akita International Univ. (Japan)
  17. Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Ibaraki (Japan). Research Group for Radiation Transport Analysis
  18. Kyoto Univ. (Japan)
  19. Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
  20. Sun Yat-Sen Univ., Guangzhou (China)
  21. GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt (Germany)
  22. Beijing Normal Univ., Beijing (China); Beijing Radiation Center (China)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI (United States); Texas A & M Univ., College Station, TX (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP)
OSTI Identifier:
1582341
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1596129; OSTI ID: 1658240
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC02-05CH11231; SC0019209; SC0013702
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Physical Review. C
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 100; Journal Issue: 4; Journal ID: ISSN 2469-9985
Publisher:
American Physical Society (APS)
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS; Low & intermediate energy heavy-ion reactions; Models & methods for nuclear reactions; Particle & resonance production; Symmetry energy; Molecular dynamics; Test-particle methods; heavy ion collisions, transport theory, code comparison, pion production

Citation Formats

Ono, Akira, Xu, Jun, Colonna, Maria, Danielewicz, Pawel, Ko, Che Ming, Tsang, Manyee Betty, Wang, Yong-Jia, Wolter, Hermann, Zhang, Ying-Xun, Chen, Lie-Wen, Cozma, Dan, Elfner, Hannah, Feng, Zhao-Qing, Ikeno, Natsumi, Li, Bao-An, Mallik, Swagata, Nara, Yasushi, Ogawa, Tatsuhiko, Ohnishi, Akira, Oliinychenko, Dmytro, Su, Jun, Song, Taesoo, Zhang, Feng-Shou, and Zhang, Zhen. Comparison of heavy-ion transport simulations: Collision integral with pions and Δ resonances in a box. United States: N. p., 2019. Web. doi:10.1103/physrevc.100.044617.
Copy to clipboard
Ono, Akira, Xu, Jun, Colonna, Maria, Danielewicz, Pawel, Ko, Che Ming, Tsang, Manyee Betty, Wang, Yong-Jia, Wolter, Hermann, Zhang, Ying-Xun, Chen, Lie-Wen, Cozma, Dan, Elfner, Hannah, Feng, Zhao-Qing, Ikeno, Natsumi, Li, Bao-An, Mallik, Swagata, Nara, Yasushi, Ogawa, Tatsuhiko, Ohnishi, Akira, Oliinychenko, Dmytro, Su, Jun, Song, Taesoo, Zhang, Feng-Shou, & Zhang, Zhen. Comparison of heavy-ion transport simulations: Collision integral with pions and Δ resonances in a box. United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.100.044617
Copy to clipboard
Ono, Akira, Xu, Jun, Colonna, Maria, Danielewicz, Pawel, Ko, Che Ming, Tsang, Manyee Betty, Wang, Yong-Jia, Wolter, Hermann, Zhang, Ying-Xun, Chen, Lie-Wen, Cozma, Dan, Elfner, Hannah, Feng, Zhao-Qing, Ikeno, Natsumi, Li, Bao-An, Mallik, Swagata, Nara, Yasushi, Ogawa, Tatsuhiko, Ohnishi, Akira, Oliinychenko, Dmytro, Su, Jun, Song, Taesoo, Zhang, Feng-Shou, and Zhang, Zhen. Wed . "Comparison of heavy-ion transport simulations: Collision integral with pions and Δ resonances in a box". United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.100.044617. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1582341.
Copy to clipboard
@article{osti_1582341,
title = {Comparison of heavy-ion transport simulations: Collision integral with pions and Δ resonances in a box},
author = {Ono, Akira and Xu, Jun and Colonna, Maria and Danielewicz, Pawel and Ko, Che Ming and Tsang, Manyee Betty and Wang, Yong-Jia and Wolter, Hermann and Zhang, Ying-Xun and Chen, Lie-Wen and Cozma, Dan and Elfner, Hannah and Feng, Zhao-Qing and Ikeno, Natsumi and Li, Bao-An and Mallik, Swagata and Nara, Yasushi and Ogawa, Tatsuhiko and Ohnishi, Akira and Oliinychenko, Dmytro and Su, Jun and Song, Taesoo and Zhang, Feng-Shou and Zhang, Zhen},
abstractNote = {Simulations by transport codes are indispensable for extracting valuable physical information from heavy-ion collisions. Pion observables such as the π-/π+ yield ratio are expected to be sensitive to the symmetry energy at high densities. To evaluate, understand, and reduce the uncertainties in transport-code results originating from different approximations in handling the production of Δ resonances and pions. We compare ten transport codes under controlled conditions for a system confined in a box, with periodic boundary conditions, and initialized with nucleons at saturation density and at a temperature of 60 MeV. The reactions NN↔NΔ and Δ↔Nπ are implemented, but the Pauli blocking and the mean-field potential are deactivated in the present comparison. Thus, these are cascade calculations including pions and Δ resonances. Results are compared to those from the two reference cases of a chemically equilibrated ideal gas mixture and of the rate equation. For the numbers of Δ and π, deviations from the reference values are observed in many codes, and they depend significantly on the size of the time step. These deviations are tied to different ways in ordering the sequence of reactions, such as collisions and decays, that take place in the same time step. Better agreements with the reference values are seen in the reaction rates and the number ratios among the isospin species of Δ and π. Both the reaction rates and the number ratios are, however, affected by the correlations between particle positions, which are absent in the Boltzmann equation, but are induced by the way particle scatterings are treated in many of the transport calculations. The uncertainty in the transport-code predictions of the π-/π+ ratio, after letting the existing Δ resonances decay, is found to be within a few percent for the system initialized at n/p=1.5. In conclusion, the uncertainty in the final π-/π+ ratio in this simplified case of particles in a box is sufficiently small so that it does not strongly impact constraining the high-density symmetry energy from heavy-ion collisions. Most of the sources of uncertainties have been understood, and individual codes may be further improved in future applications. This investigation will be extended in the future to heavy-ion collisions to ensure the problems identified here remain under control.},
doi = {10.1103/physrevc.100.044617},
journal = {Physical Review. C},
number = 4,
volume = 100,
place = {United States},
year = {Wed Oct 30 00:00:00 EDT 2019},
month = {Wed Oct 30 00:00:00 EDT 2019}
}
Copy to clipboard
Journal Article:
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record
https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.100.044617
Copyright Statement
Other availability
Search WorldCat Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal
Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 46 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science
Save / Share:
Export Metadata
Save to My Library
You must Sign In or Create an Account in order to save documents to your library.

Works referenced in this record:

Production of deuterons and pions in a transport model of energetic heavy-ion reactions
journal, November 1991

In-medium and isospin effects on particle production near threshold energies in heavy-ion collisions
journal, October 2015

Nonisotropic and nonsingle explosion in central 129 Xe + 120 Sn collisions at 50–125 MeV/nucleon
journal, January 2014

Microscopic models for ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions
journal, January 1998

Systematic study of the π − / π + ratio in heavy-ion collisions with the same neutron/proton ratio but different masses
journal, September 2009

Midrapidity charge distribution in peripheral heavy ion collisions
journal, February 2001

A guide to microscopic models for intermediate energy heavy ion collisions
journal, March 1988

Influence of the pion - nucleon interaction on the collective pion flow in heavy ion reactions
journal, January 1997

  • Zipprich, J.; Fuchs, C.; Lehmann, E.
  • Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics, Vol. 23, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1088/0954-3899/23/1/001

Non-equilibrium and residual memory in momentum space of fragmenting sources in central heavy-ion collisions
journal, January 2013

In-medium dependence and Coulomb effects of the pion production in heavy ion collisions
journal, January 1998

Effects of compression and collective expansion on particle emission from central heavy-ion reactions
journal, February 1995

Circumstantial Evidence for a Soft Nuclear Symmetry Energy at Suprasaturation Densities
journal, February 2009

Analysis of the ( N , xN ′ ) reactions by quantum molecular dynamics plus statistical decay model
journal, November 1995

Erratum: Probing neutron-proton dynamics by pions [Phys. Rev. C 93, 044612 (2016)]
journal, June 2018

Equation of State of Asymmetric Nuclear Matter and Collisions of Neutron-Rich Nuclei
journal, March 1997

Momentum dependence of the symmetry potential and its influence on nuclear reactions
journal, August 2011

Influence of the in-medium pion dispersion relation in heavy ion collisions
journal, January 1997

Recent progress and new challenges in isospin physics with heavy-ion reactions
journal, August 2008

Relativistic nuclear collisions at 1 0 A GeV energies from p + Be to Au+Au with the hadronic cascade model
journal, December 1999

Aspects of particle production in isospin-asymmetric matter
journal, November 2005

Preequilibrium particle emissions and in-medium effects on the pion production in heavy-ion collisions
journal, February 2017

Formation of superdense hadronic matter in high energy heavy-ion collisions
journal, October 1995

Systematics of pion emission in heavy ion collisions in the regime
journal, January 2007

Toward a model-independent constraint of the high-density dependence of the symmetry energy
journal, October 2013

Estimates for temperature in projectile-like fragments in geometric and transport models
journal, April 2014

Medium effects in high energy heavy-ion collisions
journal, December 1996

Fluctuations and dynamical instabilities in heavy-ion reactions
journal, November 1998

Symmetry energy and pion production in the Boltzmann–Langevin approach
journal, January 2013

Comparison of heavy-ion transport simulations: Collision integral in a box
journal, March 2018

Energy-dependent fragmentation cross sections of relativistic C 12
journal, August 2015

Quantum molecular dynamics a microscopic model from UNILAC to CERN energies
journal, April 1989

Effects of energy conservation on equilibrium properties of hot asymmetric nuclear matter
journal, January 2018

Causality and relativistic effects in intranuclear cascade calculations
journal, June 1984

Transport theories for heavy-ion collisions in the 1 A GeV regime
journal, May 2005

  • Kolomeitsev, E. E.; Hartnack, C.; Barz, H. W.
  • Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics, Vol. 31, Issue 6
  • DOI: 10.1088/0954-3899/31/6/015

Spinodal instabilities of baryon-rich quark matter in heavy ion collisions
journal, May 2017

Bifurcations in Boltzmann–Langevin one body dynamics for fermionic systems
journal, October 2013

Production of Δ- and N∗-resonances in the one-boson exchange model
journal, June 1994

Energy dependence of pion in-medium effects on the π − / π + ratio in heavy-ion collisions
journal, June 2013

Origin of subthreshold K + production in heavy ion collisions
journal, August 1997

Probing high-density behavior of symmetry energy from pion emission in heavy-ion collisions
journal, January 2010

Role of isospin dependent mean field in pion production in heavy ion reactions
journal, February 1998

  • Uma Maheswari, V. S.; Fuchs, C.; Faessler, Amand
  • Physical Review C, Vol. 57, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevC.57.922

In-medium effects in the description of heavy-ion collisions with realistic NN interactions
journal, October 1992

Isospin-dependent pion in-medium effects on the charged-pion ratio in heavy ion collisions
journal, February 2010

Probing isospin- and momentum-dependent nuclear effective interactions in neutron-rich matter
journal, February 2014

Medium effects on pion production in heavy ion collisions
journal, June 2017

Effects of the pion-nucleon potential in Au 197 + Au 197 collisions at 1.5 GeV/nucleon
journal, June 2018

Hybrid model for studying nuclear multifragmentation around the Fermi energy domain: The case of central collisions of Xe on Sn
journal, April 2015

Measurement of pion induced neutron-production double-differential cross sections on Fe and Pb at 870 MeV and 2.1 GeV
journal, August 2004

High density behaviour of nuclear symmetry energy and high energy heavy-ion collisions
journal, October 2002

Numerical simulation of medium energy heavy ion reactions
journal, May 1985

Nuclear in-medium effects and collective flows in heavy-ion collisions at intermediate energies
journal, January 2012

Dilepton production in heavy-ion collisions at intermediate energies
journal, July 2003

Benchmarking of PHITS on Pion Production for Medium-Energy Physics
journal, January 2011

  • Matsuda, Norihiro; Iwamoto, Yosuke; Iwase, Hiroshi
  • Progress in Nuclear Science and Technology, Vol. 2, Issue 0
  • DOI: 10.15669/pnst.2.927

Particle production and equilibrium properties within a new hadron transport approach for heavy-ion collisions
journal, November 2016

Odd-even effect in heavy-ion collisions at intermediate energies
journal, January 2011

Event simulations in a transport model for intermediate energy heavy ion collisions: Applications to multiplicity distributions
journal, March 2015

Isospin Physics in Heavy-Ion Collisions at Intermediate Energies
journal, April 1998

  • Li, Bao-An; Ko, Che Ming; Bauer, Wolfgang
  • International Journal of Modern Physics E, Vol. 07, Issue 02
  • DOI: 10.1142/S0218301398000087

Monte Carlo calculation of high-energy heavy-ion interactions
journal, November 1980

Pion production in rare-isotope collisions
journal, April 2017

Relativistic Vlasov-Uehling-Uhlenbeck model for heavy-ion collisions
journal, May 1988

Probing neutron-proton dynamics by pions
journal, April 2016

Determination of the mean-field momentum-dependence using elliptic flow
journal, June 2000

Constraining The Density Dependence Of The Symmetry Energy Using The Multiplicity And Avergage P_t Ratios Of Charged Pions
conference, May 2017

  • Cozma, Dan
  • Proceedings of The 26th International Nuclear Physics Conference — PoS(INPC2016)
  • DOI: 10.22323/1.281.0346

Recent Progress and New Challenges in Isospin Physics with Heavy-Ion Reactions
text, January 2008

Probing neutron-proton dynamics by pions
text, January 2016

Pion Production in Rare Isotope Collisions
text, January 2016

Medium effects on pion production in heavy ion collisions
text, January 2017

Comparison of heavy-ion transport simulations: Collision integral in a box
text, January 2017

Mid-rapidity charge distribution in peripheral heavy ion collisions
text, January 2000

Dilepton production in heavy ion collisions at intermediate energies
text, January 2003

Aspects of particle production in isospin asymmetric matter
text, January 2005

Medium effects in high energy heavy-ion collisions
text, January 1996

Origin of subthreshold K^+ production in heavy ion collisions
text, January 1997

Quantum molecular dynamics and multistep-direct analyses of multiple preequilibrium emission
journal, November 1995

    Sort by:
    [ × clear filter / sort ]

    Works referencing / citing this record:

    Probing the Symmetry Energy with the Spectral Pion Ratio
    text, January 2021

      Sort by:
      [ × clear filter / sort ]

      Similar Records in DOE PAGES and OSTI.GOV collections: