Title: Ecological engineering projects increased vegetation cover, production, and biomass in semiarid and subhumid Northern China

Abstract

Multiple ecological engineering projects have been implemented in semiarid and subhumid Northern China since 1978 with the purpose to combat desertification, control dust storms, and improve vegetation cover. Although a plethora of local studies exist, the effectiveness of these projects has not been studied in a systematic and comprehensive way. Here, we used multiple satellite-based time-series data as well as breakpoint analysis to assess shifts in leaf area index (a proxy for green vegetation cover), gross primary production, and aboveground biomass in Northern China. We documented increased vegetation growth in northwest and southeastern parts of the region, despite drought anomalies as documented by the standardized precipitation-evapotranspiration index during 1982–2016. Significant breakpoints in leaf area index were observed for over 72.5% of the southeastern and northwestern regions, and 70.6% of these breakpoints were detected after 1999, which correspond well to the areas with the highest ecological engineering efforts. Areas with negative trends were mainly located in the Inner Mongolian Plateau, Hulun Biur, Horqin Sand Land, and urban areas. The Loess Plateau had the largest increase in vegetation growth, followed by the north parts of Northern China where biomass increased more in the provinces of Shanxi, Liaoning, Shannxi, Hebei, and Beijing thanmore » Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Tianjin, and Qinghai. Our results show that multiple ecological engineering projects in the region have increased vegetation cover, production, and aboveground biomass that have led to improved environmental conditions in the study area.« less

Authors:

Niu, Quanfu  ^[1];

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• Search DOE PAGES for ORCID "0000-0003-0001-4093"

Xiao, Xiangming  ^[2];

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• Search DOE PAGES for ORCID "0000-0003-0956-7428"

Zhang, Yao  ^[3];

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• Search DOE PAGES for ORCID "0000-0002-7468-2409"

Qin, Yuanwei  ^[4];

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• Search DOE PAGES for ORCID "0000-0002-5181-9986"

Dang, Xinghai ^[5]; Wang, Jie ^[4]; Zou, Zhenhua ^[4]; Doughty, Russell B.  ^[4];

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• Search DOE PAGES for ORCID "0000-0001-5191-2155"

Brandt, Martin  ^[6];

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• Search DOE PAGES for ORCID "0000-0001-9531-1239"

Tong, Xiaowei ^[7]; Horion, Stephanie  ^[6];

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• Search DOE PAGES for ORCID "0000-0001-6716-1333"

Fensholt, Rasmus ^[6]; Chen, Chi ^[8]; Myneni, Ranga B.  ^[8];

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• Search DOE PAGES for ORCID "0000-0002-0234-6393"

Xu, Weiheng ^[9]; Di, Guangzhi ^[9]; Zhou, Xiaoming ^[5]

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+ Show Author Affiliations

1. Lanzhou Univ. (China); Univ. of Oklahoma, Norman, OK (United States); Emergency Mapping Engineering Reseach Center, Gansu Province, Lanzhou (China)
2. Univ. of Oklahoma, Norman, OK (United States); Fudan Univ., Shanghai (China). Ministry of Education Key Lab. for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Inst. of Biodiversity Science
3. Univ. of Oklahoma, Norman, OK (United States); Columbia Univ., New York, NY (United States)
4. Univ. of Oklahoma, Norman, OK (United States)
5. Lanzhou Univ. (China)
6. Univ. of Copenhagen (Denmark)
7. Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Changsha (China). Key Lab. for Agro‐ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Inst. of Subtropical Agriculture
8. Boston Univ., MA (United States)
9. Southwest Forestry Univ., Kunming (China)

Publication Date:

Mon Jun 24 00:00:00 EDT 2019

Research Org.:

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:

USDOE Office of Science (SC); National Science Foundation of China

OSTI Identifier:

1580908

Grant/Contract Number:  

AC02-05CH11231; 41461084; 31860181

Resource Type:

Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:

Land Degradation and Development

Additional Journal Information:

Journal Volume: 30; Journal Issue: 13; Journal ID: ISSN 1085-3278

Publisher:

Wiley

Country of Publication:

United States

Language:

English

Subject:

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES; breakpoint; effectiveness; remote sensing; trend; vegetation regrowth