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Title: Proton-driven plasma wakefield acceleration in AWAKE

Abstract

In this paper, we briefly summarize the experiments performed during the first Run of the Advanced Wakefield Experiment, AWAKE, at CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research). The final goal of AWAKE Run 1 (2013–2018) was to demonstrate that 10–20 MeV electrons can be accelerated to GeV-energies in a plasma wakefield driven by a highly-relativistic self-modulated proton bunch. We describe the experiment, outline the measurement concept and present first results. Lastly, we outline our plans for the future.

Authors:
ORCiD logo [1];  [1];  [2];  [1];  [3];  [3];  [4];  [4];  [1];  [5];  [1];  [6];  [7];  [5];  [8];  [1];  [9];  [8];  [1];  [10] more »;  [6];  [1];  [11];  [1];  [12];  [13];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [14];  [1];  [15];  [8];  [16];  [6];  [5];  [12];  [8];  [8];  [1];  [9];  [10];  [1];  [1];  [3];  [17];  [16];  [14];  [5];  [1];  [14];  [1];  [5];  [18];  [19];  [1];  [1];  [20];  [12];  [21];  [11];  [1];  [8];  [16];  [14];  [14];  [1];  [22];  [17];  [16];  [12];  [1];  [3];  [8];  [1];  [3] « less
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
  2. University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
  3. University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury, UK
  4. CERN, Geneva, Switzerland; Max Planck Institute for Physics, Munich, Germany; Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
  5. Max Planck Institute for Physics, Munich, Germany
  6. Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury, UK; Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
  7. Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Greifswald, Germany
  8. UCL, London, UK
  9. UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
  10. Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
  11. Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
  12. Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury, UK; University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
  13. ISCTE - Instituto Universitéario de Lisboa, Portugal
  14. Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
  15. Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Greifswald, Germany; Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
  16. GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
  17. TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada
  18. CERN, Geneva, Switzerland; GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
  19. CERN, Geneva, Switzerland; Max Planck Institute for Physics, Munich, Germany
  20. Max Planck Institute for Physics, Munich, Germany; Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
  21. CERN, Geneva, Switzerland; Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
  22. CERN, Geneva, Switzerland; University of Milan, Milan, Italy
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC)
Contributing Org.:
The AWAKE Collaboration
OSTI Identifier:
1580906
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC02-05CH11231
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. A, Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 377; Journal Issue: 2151; Journal ID: ISSN 1364-503X
Publisher:
The Royal Society Publishing
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY; plasma wakefield acceleration; seeded self modulation; AWAKE

Citation Formats

Gschwendtner, E., Turner, M., Adli, E., Ahuja, A., Apsimon, O., Apsimon, R., Bachmann, A. -M., Batsch, F., Bracco, C., Braunmüller, F., Burger, S., Burt, G., Buttenschön, B., Caldwell, A., Chappell, J., Chevallay, E., Chung, M., Cooke, D., Damerau, H., Deubner, L. H., Dexter, A., Doebert, S., Farmer, J., Fedosseev, V. N., Fiorito, R., Fonseca, R. A., Friebel, F., Garolfi, L., Gessner, S., Goddard, B., Gorgisyan, I., Gorn, A. A., Granados, E., Grulke, O., Hartin, A., Helm, A., Henderson, J. R., Hüther, M., Ibison, M., Jolly, S., Keeble, F., Kelisani, M. D., Kim, S. -Y., Kraus, F., Krupa, M., Lefevre, T., Li, Y., Liu, S., Lopes, N., Lotov, K. V., Martyanov, M., Mazzoni, S., Minakov, V. A., Molendijk, J. C., Moody, J. T., Moreira, M., Muggli, P., Panuganti, H., Pardons, A., Peña Asmus, F., Perera, A., Petrenko, A., Pukhov, A., Rey, S., Sherwood, P., Silva, L. O., Sosedkin, A. P., Tuev, P. V., Velotti, F., Verra, L., Verzilov, V. A., Vieira, J., Welsch, C. P., Wendt, M., Williamson, B., Wing, M., Woolley, B., and Xia, G. Proton-driven plasma wakefield acceleration in AWAKE. United States: N. p., 2019. Web. doi:10.1098/rsta.2018.0418.
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Gschwendtner, E., Turner, M., Adli, E., Ahuja, A., Apsimon, O., Apsimon, R., Bachmann, A. -M., Batsch, F., Bracco, C., Braunmüller, F., Burger, S., Burt, G., Buttenschön, B., Caldwell, A., Chappell, J., Chevallay, E., Chung, M., Cooke, D., Damerau, H., Deubner, L. H., Dexter, A., Doebert, S., Farmer, J., Fedosseev, V. N., Fiorito, R., Fonseca, R. A., Friebel, F., Garolfi, L., Gessner, S., Goddard, B., Gorgisyan, I., Gorn, A. A., Granados, E., Grulke, O., Hartin, A., Helm, A., Henderson, J. R., Hüther, M., Ibison, M., Jolly, S., Keeble, F., Kelisani, M. D., Kim, S. -Y., Kraus, F., Krupa, M., Lefevre, T., Li, Y., Liu, S., Lopes, N., Lotov, K. V., Martyanov, M., Mazzoni, S., Minakov, V. A., Molendijk, J. C., Moody, J. T., Moreira, M., Muggli, P., Panuganti, H., Pardons, A., Peña Asmus, F., Perera, A., Petrenko, A., Pukhov, A., Rey, S., Sherwood, P., Silva, L. O., Sosedkin, A. P., Tuev, P. V., Velotti, F., Verra, L., Verzilov, V. A., Vieira, J., Welsch, C. P., Wendt, M., Williamson, B., Wing, M., Woolley, B., & Xia, G. Proton-driven plasma wakefield acceleration in AWAKE. United States. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2018.0418
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Gschwendtner, E., Turner, M., Adli, E., Ahuja, A., Apsimon, O., Apsimon, R., Bachmann, A. -M., Batsch, F., Bracco, C., Braunmüller, F., Burger, S., Burt, G., Buttenschön, B., Caldwell, A., Chappell, J., Chevallay, E., Chung, M., Cooke, D., Damerau, H., Deubner, L. H., Dexter, A., Doebert, S., Farmer, J., Fedosseev, V. N., Fiorito, R., Fonseca, R. A., Friebel, F., Garolfi, L., Gessner, S., Goddard, B., Gorgisyan, I., Gorn, A. A., Granados, E., Grulke, O., Hartin, A., Helm, A., Henderson, J. R., Hüther, M., Ibison, M., Jolly, S., Keeble, F., Kelisani, M. D., Kim, S. -Y., Kraus, F., Krupa, M., Lefevre, T., Li, Y., Liu, S., Lopes, N., Lotov, K. V., Martyanov, M., Mazzoni, S., Minakov, V. A., Molendijk, J. C., Moody, J. T., Moreira, M., Muggli, P., Panuganti, H., Pardons, A., Peña Asmus, F., Perera, A., Petrenko, A., Pukhov, A., Rey, S., Sherwood, P., Silva, L. O., Sosedkin, A. P., Tuev, P. V., Velotti, F., Verra, L., Verzilov, V. A., Vieira, J., Welsch, C. P., Wendt, M., Williamson, B., Wing, M., Woolley, B., and Xia, G. Mon . "Proton-driven plasma wakefield acceleration in AWAKE". United States. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2018.0418. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1580906.
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@article{osti_1580906,
title = {Proton-driven plasma wakefield acceleration in AWAKE},
author = {Gschwendtner, E. and Turner, M. and Adli, E. and Ahuja, A. and Apsimon, O. and Apsimon, R. and Bachmann, A. -M. and Batsch, F. and Bracco, C. and Braunmüller, F. and Burger, S. and Burt, G. and Buttenschön, B. and Caldwell, A. and Chappell, J. and Chevallay, E. and Chung, M. and Cooke, D. and Damerau, H. and Deubner, L. H. and Dexter, A. and Doebert, S. and Farmer, J. and Fedosseev, V. N. and Fiorito, R. and Fonseca, R. A. and Friebel, F. and Garolfi, L. and Gessner, S. and Goddard, B. and Gorgisyan, I. and Gorn, A. A. and Granados, E. and Grulke, O. and Hartin, A. and Helm, A. and Henderson, J. R. and Hüther, M. and Ibison, M. and Jolly, S. and Keeble, F. and Kelisani, M. D. and Kim, S. -Y. and Kraus, F. and Krupa, M. and Lefevre, T. and Li, Y. and Liu, S. and Lopes, N. and Lotov, K. V. and Martyanov, M. and Mazzoni, S. and Minakov, V. A. and Molendijk, J. C. and Moody, J. T. and Moreira, M. and Muggli, P. and Panuganti, H. and Pardons, A. and Peña Asmus, F. and Perera, A. and Petrenko, A. and Pukhov, A. and Rey, S. and Sherwood, P. and Silva, L. O. and Sosedkin, A. P. and Tuev, P. V. and Velotti, F. and Verra, L. and Verzilov, V. A. and Vieira, J. and Welsch, C. P. and Wendt, M. and Williamson, B. and Wing, M. and Woolley, B. and Xia, G.},
abstractNote = {In this paper, we briefly summarize the experiments performed during the first Run of the Advanced Wakefield Experiment, AWAKE, at CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research). The final goal of AWAKE Run 1 (2013–2018) was to demonstrate that 10–20 MeV electrons can be accelerated to GeV-energies in a plasma wakefield driven by a highly-relativistic self-modulated proton bunch. We describe the experiment, outline the measurement concept and present first results. Lastly, we outline our plans for the future.},
doi = {10.1098/rsta.2018.0418},
journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. A, Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences},
number = 2151,
volume = 377,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Jun 24 00:00:00 EDT 2019},
month = {Mon Jun 24 00:00:00 EDT 2019}
}
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Journal Article:
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Publisher's Version of Record
https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2018.0418
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Cited by: 7 works
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Figures / Tables:

Figure 1 Figure 1: Schematic layout and description of the AWAKE experimental facility, beams and diagnostics. The insert panel on the bottom left shows a schematic of the spatial and temporal alignment of the proton, laser and electron bunch entering the vapor source; the bottom middle panel shows a schematic of themore » transverse and longitudinal proton microbunch density structure in plasma (after the self-modulation process saturated); the panel on the top right shows an experimental image obtained by the spectrometer camera, for when electrons were accelerated.« less
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Works referenced in this record:

Self-Modulation Instability of a Long Proton Bunch in Plasmas
journal, June 2010

Natural noise and external wakefield seeding in a proton-driven plasma accelerator
journal, April 2013

  • Lotov, K. V.; Lotova, G. Z.; Lotov, V. I.
  • Physical Review Special Topics - Accelerators and Beams, Vol. 16, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.16.041301

Phase Velocity and Particle Injection in a Self-Modulated Proton-Driven Plasma Wakefield Accelerator
journal, September 2011

AWAKE, The Advanced Proton Driven Plasma Wakefield Acceleration Experiment at CERN
journal, September 2016

  • Gschwendtner, E.; Adli, E.; Amorim, L.
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 829
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2016.02.026

VHEeP: a very high energy electron–proton collider
journal, August 2016

Transverse equilibrium and stability of the primary beam in the plasma wake‐field accelerator
journal, April 1995

  • Krall, J.; Joyce, G.
  • Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 2, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.871344

Proton-driven plasma-wakefield acceleration
journal, April 2009

  • Caldwell, Allen; Lotov, Konstantin; Pukhov, Alexander
  • Nature Physics, Vol. 5, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.1038/nphys1248

A rubidium vapor source for a plasma source for AWAKE
journal, December 2017

  • Plyushchev, G.; Kersevan, R.; Petrenko, A.
  • Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol. 51, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1088/1361-6463/aa9dd7

The electron accelerators for the AWAKE experiment at CERN—Baseline and Future Developments
journal, November 2018

  • Pepitone, K.; Doebert, S.; Apsimon, R.
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 909
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2018.02.044

Experimental Observation of Plasma Wakefield Growth Driven by the Seeded Self-Modulation of a Proton Bunch
journal, February 2019

Emittance preservation of an electron beam in a loaded quasilinear plasma wakefield
journal, January 2018

Acceleration of electrons in the plasma wakefield of a proton bunch
journal, August 2018

Transverse two-stream instability of a beam with a Bennett profile
journal, April 1997

A novel Rb vapor plasma source for plasma wakefield accelerators
journal, March 2014

  • Öz, E.; Muggli, P.
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 740
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2013.10.093

Numerical studies of electron acceleration behind self-modulating proton beam in plasma with a density gradient
journal, September 2016

  • Petrenko, A.; Lotov, K.; Sosedkin, A.
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 829
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2016.01.063

AWAKE, The Advanced Proton Driven Plasma Wakefield Acceleration Experiment at CERN
text, January 2016

Proton Driven Plasma Wakefield Acceleration
text, January 2008

Self-modulation instability of a long proton bunch in plasmas
text, January 2010

AWAKE, The Advanced Proton Driven Plasma Wakefield Acceleration Experiment at CERN
text, January 2015

A Rubidium Vapor Source for a Plasma Source for AWAKE
text, January 2017

AWAKE, The Advanced Proton Driven Plasma Wakefield Acceleration Experiment at CERN
text, January 2015

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    Tailored plasma-density profiles for enhanced energy extraction in passive plasma beam dumps
    journal, October 2019

    • Jakobsson, O.; Bonatto, A.; Li, Y.
    • Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 61, Issue 12
    • DOI: 10.1088/1361-6587/ab4cfb
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