Continuous-wave upconverting nanoparticle microlasers
Abstract
Reducing the size of lasers to microscale dimensions enables new technologies that are specifically tailored for operation in confined spaces ranging from ultra-high-speed microprocessors to live brain tissue. However, reduced cavity sizes increase optical losses and require greater input powers to reach lasing thresholds. Multiphoton-pumped lasers that have been miniaturized using nanomaterials such as lanthanide-doped upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) as lasing media require high pump intensities to achieve ultraviolet and visible emission and therefore operate under pulsed excitation schemes. Here, we make use of the recently described energy-looping excitation mechanism in Tm3+-doped UCNPs to achieve continuous-wave upconverted lasing action in stand-alone microcavities at excitation fluences as low as 14 kW cm-2. Continuous-wave lasing is uninterrupted, maximizing signal and enabling modulation of optical interactions. By coupling energy-looping nanoparticles to whispering-gallery modes of polystyrene microspheres, we induce stable lasing for more than 5 h at blue and near-infrared wavelengths simultaneously. These microcavities are excited in the biologically transmissive second near-infrared (NIR-II) window and are small enough to be embedded in organisms, tissues or devices. The ability to produce continuous-wave lasing in microcavities immersed in blood serum highlights practical applications of these microscale lasers for sensing and illumination in complex biological environments.
- Authors:
-
[2];
[1];
[4];
[1];
- Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
- Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
- Politecnico di Milano (Italy)
- National Lab. Astana (Kazakhstan)
- Politecnico di Milano (Italy); Ist. Italiano di Tecnologia, Milan (Italy)
- Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Columbia Univ., New York, NY (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1579331
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC02-05CH11231
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Nature Nanotechnology
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 13; Journal Issue: 7; Journal ID: ISSN 1748-3387
- Publisher:
- Nature Publishing Group
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION
Citation Formats
Fernandez-Bravo, Angel, Yao, Kaiyuan, Barnard, Edward S., Borys, Nicholas J., Levy, Elizabeth S., Tian, Bining, Tajon, Cheryl A., Moretti, Luca, Altoe, M. Virginia, Aloni, Shaul, Beketayev, Kenes, Scotognella, Francesco, Cohen, Bruce E., Chan, Emory M., and Schuck, P. James. Continuous-wave upconverting nanoparticle microlasers. United States: N. p., 2018.
Web. doi:10.1038/s41565-018-0161-8.
Fernandez-Bravo, Angel, Yao, Kaiyuan, Barnard, Edward S., Borys, Nicholas J., Levy, Elizabeth S., Tian, Bining, Tajon, Cheryl A., Moretti, Luca, Altoe, M. Virginia, Aloni, Shaul, Beketayev, Kenes, Scotognella, Francesco, Cohen, Bruce E., Chan, Emory M., & Schuck, P. James. Continuous-wave upconverting nanoparticle microlasers. United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-018-0161-8
Fernandez-Bravo, Angel, Yao, Kaiyuan, Barnard, Edward S., Borys, Nicholas J., Levy, Elizabeth S., Tian, Bining, Tajon, Cheryl A., Moretti, Luca, Altoe, M. Virginia, Aloni, Shaul, Beketayev, Kenes, Scotognella, Francesco, Cohen, Bruce E., Chan, Emory M., and Schuck, P. James. Mon .
"Continuous-wave upconverting nanoparticle microlasers". United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-018-0161-8. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1579331.
@article{osti_1579331,
title = {Continuous-wave upconverting nanoparticle microlasers},
author = {Fernandez-Bravo, Angel and Yao, Kaiyuan and Barnard, Edward S. and Borys, Nicholas J. and Levy, Elizabeth S. and Tian, Bining and Tajon, Cheryl A. and Moretti, Luca and Altoe, M. Virginia and Aloni, Shaul and Beketayev, Kenes and Scotognella, Francesco and Cohen, Bruce E. and Chan, Emory M. and Schuck, P. James},
abstractNote = {Reducing the size of lasers to microscale dimensions enables new technologies that are specifically tailored for operation in confined spaces ranging from ultra-high-speed microprocessors to live brain tissue. However, reduced cavity sizes increase optical losses and require greater input powers to reach lasing thresholds. Multiphoton-pumped lasers that have been miniaturized using nanomaterials such as lanthanide-doped upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) as lasing media require high pump intensities to achieve ultraviolet and visible emission and therefore operate under pulsed excitation schemes. Here, we make use of the recently described energy-looping excitation mechanism in Tm3+-doped UCNPs to achieve continuous-wave upconverted lasing action in stand-alone microcavities at excitation fluences as low as 14 kW cm-2. Continuous-wave lasing is uninterrupted, maximizing signal and enabling modulation of optical interactions. By coupling energy-looping nanoparticles to whispering-gallery modes of polystyrene microspheres, we induce stable lasing for more than 5 h at blue and near-infrared wavelengths simultaneously. These microcavities are excited in the biologically transmissive second near-infrared (NIR-II) window and are small enough to be embedded in organisms, tissues or devices. The ability to produce continuous-wave lasing in microcavities immersed in blood serum highlights practical applications of these microscale lasers for sensing and illumination in complex biological environments.},
doi = {10.1038/s41565-018-0161-8},
journal = {Nature Nanotechnology},
number = 7,
volume = 13,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Jun 18 00:00:00 EDT 2018},
month = {Mon Jun 18 00:00:00 EDT 2018}
}
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