Substantial ozone enhancement over the North China Plain from increased biogenic emissions due to heat waves and land cover in summer 2017
Abstract
In the summer of 2017, heavy ozone pollution swamped most of the North China Plain (NCP), with the maximum regional average of daily maximum 8 h ozone concentration (MDA8) reaching almost 120 ppbv. In light of the continuing reduction of anthropogenic emissions in China, the underlying mechanisms for the occurrences of these regional extreme ozone episodes are elucidated from two perspectives: meteorology and biogenic emissions. The significant positive correlation between MDA8 ozone and temperature, which is amplified during heat waves concomitant with stagnant air and no precipitation, supports the crucial role of meteorology in driving high ozone concentrations. We also find that biogenic emissions are enhanced due to factors previously not considered. During the heavy ozone pollution episodes in June 2017, biogenic emissions driven by high vapor pressure deficit (VPD), land cover change and urban landscape yield an extra mean MDA8 ozone of 3.08, 2.79 and 4.74 ppbv, respectively, over the NCP, which together contribute as much to MDA8 ozone as biogenic emissions simulated using the land cover of 2003 and ignoring VPD and urban landscape. In Beijing, the biogenic emission increase due to urban landscape has a comparable effect on MDA8 ozone to the combined effect of high VPDmore »
- Authors:
-
- Ocean Univ. of China, Qingdao (China)
- Ocean Univ. of China, Qingdao (China); Qingdao National Lab. for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao (China)
- Georgia Inst. of Technology, Atlanta, GA (United States)
- Qingdao National Lab. for Marine and Science Technology, Qingdao (China); Ocean Univ. of China, Qingdao (China); International Lab. for High-Resolution Earth System Prediction (iHESP), Qingdao (China)
- Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei (China); Univ. of Science and Technology of China, Hefei (China); Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen (China); Anhui Province Key Lab. of Polar Environment and Global Change, Hefei (China)
- Tsinghua Univ., Beijing (China)
- Max Planck Inst. for Chemistry, Mainz (Germany)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1577085
- Report Number(s):
- PNNL-SA-149765
Journal ID: ISSN 1680-7324
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC05-76RL01830
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (Online)
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Name: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (Online); Journal Volume: 19; Journal Issue: 19; Journal ID: ISSN 1680-7324
- Publisher:
- European Geosciences Union
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Citation Formats
Ma, Mingchen, Gao, Yang, Wang, Yuhang, Zhang, Shaoqing, Leung, L. Ruby, Liu, Cheng, Wang, Shuxiao, Zhao, Bin, Chang, Xing, Su, Hang, Zhang, Tianqi, Sheng, Lifang, Yao, Xiaohong, and Gao, Huiwang. Substantial ozone enhancement over the North China Plain from increased biogenic emissions due to heat waves and land cover in summer 2017. United States: N. p., 2019.
Web. doi:10.5194/acp-19-12195-2019.
Ma, Mingchen, Gao, Yang, Wang, Yuhang, Zhang, Shaoqing, Leung, L. Ruby, Liu, Cheng, Wang, Shuxiao, Zhao, Bin, Chang, Xing, Su, Hang, Zhang, Tianqi, Sheng, Lifang, Yao, Xiaohong, & Gao, Huiwang. Substantial ozone enhancement over the North China Plain from increased biogenic emissions due to heat waves and land cover in summer 2017. United States. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-12195-2019
Ma, Mingchen, Gao, Yang, Wang, Yuhang, Zhang, Shaoqing, Leung, L. Ruby, Liu, Cheng, Wang, Shuxiao, Zhao, Bin, Chang, Xing, Su, Hang, Zhang, Tianqi, Sheng, Lifang, Yao, Xiaohong, and Gao, Huiwang. Wed .
"Substantial ozone enhancement over the North China Plain from increased biogenic emissions due to heat waves and land cover in summer 2017". United States. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-12195-2019. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1577085.
@article{osti_1577085,
title = {Substantial ozone enhancement over the North China Plain from increased biogenic emissions due to heat waves and land cover in summer 2017},
author = {Ma, Mingchen and Gao, Yang and Wang, Yuhang and Zhang, Shaoqing and Leung, L. Ruby and Liu, Cheng and Wang, Shuxiao and Zhao, Bin and Chang, Xing and Su, Hang and Zhang, Tianqi and Sheng, Lifang and Yao, Xiaohong and Gao, Huiwang},
abstractNote = {In the summer of 2017, heavy ozone pollution swamped most of the North China Plain (NCP), with the maximum regional average of daily maximum 8 h ozone concentration (MDA8) reaching almost 120 ppbv. In light of the continuing reduction of anthropogenic emissions in China, the underlying mechanisms for the occurrences of these regional extreme ozone episodes are elucidated from two perspectives: meteorology and biogenic emissions. The significant positive correlation between MDA8 ozone and temperature, which is amplified during heat waves concomitant with stagnant air and no precipitation, supports the crucial role of meteorology in driving high ozone concentrations. We also find that biogenic emissions are enhanced due to factors previously not considered. During the heavy ozone pollution episodes in June 2017, biogenic emissions driven by high vapor pressure deficit (VPD), land cover change and urban landscape yield an extra mean MDA8 ozone of 3.08, 2.79 and 4.74 ppbv, respectively, over the NCP, which together contribute as much to MDA8 ozone as biogenic emissions simulated using the land cover of 2003 and ignoring VPD and urban landscape. In Beijing, the biogenic emission increase due to urban landscape has a comparable effect on MDA8 ozone to the combined effect of high VPD and land cover change between 2003 and 2016. In light of the large effect of urban landscape on biogenic emission and the subsequent ozone formation, the types of trees may be cautiously selected to take into account of the biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emission during the afforestation of cities. This study highlights the vital contributions of heat waves, land cover change and urbanization to the occurrence of extreme ozone episodes, with significant implications for ozone pollution control in a future when heat wave frequency and intensity are projected to increase under global warming.},
doi = {10.5194/acp-19-12195-2019},
journal = {Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (Online)},
number = 19,
volume = 19,
place = {United States},
year = {Wed Oct 02 00:00:00 EDT 2019},
month = {Wed Oct 02 00:00:00 EDT 2019}
}
Web of Science
Works referenced in this record:
Understanding long-term variations of meteorological influences on ground ozone concentrations in Beijing During 2006–2016
journal, February 2019
- Chen, Ziyue; Zhuang, Yan; Xie, Xiaoming
- Environmental Pollution, Vol. 245
The impact of meteorological persistence on the distribution and extremes of ozone
journal, February 2017
- Sun, Wenxiu; Hess, Peter; Liu, Chengji
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 44, Issue 3
Emission trends and mitigation options for air pollutants in East Asia
journal, January 2014
- Wang, S. X.; Zhao, B.; Cai, S. Y.
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 14, Issue 13
Annual and diurnal variations of gaseous and particulate pollutants in 31 provincial capital cities based on in situ air quality monitoring data from China National Environmental Monitoring Center
journal, January 2016
- Zhao, Suping; Yu, Ye; Yin, Daiying
- Environment International, Vol. 86
The relation between ozone, NOx and hydrocarbons in urban and polluted rural environments
journal, June 1999
- Sillman, Sanford
- Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 33, Issue 12
Effect of climate change on air quality
journal, January 2009
- Jacob, Daniel J.; Winner, Darrell A.
- Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 43, Issue 1
Enhanced surface ozone during the heat wave of 2013 in Yangtze River Delta region, China
journal, December 2017
- Pu, X.; Wang, T. J.; Huang, X.
- Science of The Total Environment, Vol. 603-604
Global crop yield reductions due to surface ozone exposure: 1. Year 2000 crop production losses and economic damage
journal, April 2011
- Avnery, Shiri; Mauzerall, Denise L.; Liu, Junfeng
- Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 45, Issue 13
A modeling study of the nonlinear response of fine particles to air pollutant emissions in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region
journal, January 2017
- Zhao, Bin; Wu, Wenjing; Wang, Shuxiao
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 17, Issue 19
Recent reduction in NO x emissions over China: synthesis of satellite observations and emission inventories
journal, October 2016
- Liu, Fei; Zhang, Qiang; van der A., Ronald J.
- Environmental Research Letters, Vol. 11, Issue 11
Summertime photochemistry during CAREBeijing-2007: RO x budgets and O 3 formation
journal, January 2012
- Liu, Z.; Wang, Y.; Gu, D.
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 12, Issue 16
Seesaw haze pollution in North China modulated by the sub-seasonal variability of atmospheric circulation
journal, January 2019
- Zhang, Ge; Gao, Yang; Cai, Wenju
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 19, Issue 1
Sensitivity analysis of tropospheric ozone to modified biogenic emissions for the Mid-Atlantic region
journal, April 2004
- Bell, M.
- Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 38, Issue 13
The Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature version 2.1 (MEGAN2.1): an extended and updated framework for modeling biogenic emissions
journal, January 2012
- Guenther, A. B.; Jiang, X.; Heald, C. L.
- Geoscientific Model Development, Vol. 5, Issue 6
Anthropogenic drivers of 2013–2017 trends in summer surface ozone in China
journal, December 2018
- Li, Ke; Jacob, Daniel J.; Liao, Hong
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 116, Issue 2
Isoprene emissions over Asia 1979–2012: impact of climate and land-use changes
journal, January 2014
- Stavrakou, T.; Müller, J. -F.; Bauwens, M.
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 14, Issue 9
Sensitivity of U.S. summer precipitation to model resolution and convective parameterizations across gray zone resolutions: Sensitivity Across Gray Zone Resolutions
journal, March 2017
- Gao, Yang; Leung, L. Ruby; Zhao, Chun
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 122, Issue 5
Air quality and health effects of biogenic volatile organic compounds emissions from urban green spaces and the mitigation strategies
journal, November 2017
- Ren, Yuan; Qu, Zelong; Du, Yuanyuan
- Environmental Pollution, Vol. 230
Emission characteristics of 99 NMVOCs in different seasonal days and the relationship with air quality parameters in Beijing, China
journal, March 2019
- Gu, Yangyang; Li, Qianqian; Wei, Da
- Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Vol. 169
The use of NO y , H 2 O 2 , and HNO 3 as indicators for ozone-NO x -hydrocarbon sensitivity in urban locations
journal, January 1995
- Sillman, Sanford
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 100, Issue D7
Analysis of radical propagation efficiency to assess ozone sensitivity to hydrocarbons and NO x : 1. Local indicators of instantaneous odd oxygen production sensitivity
journal, April 2000
- Tonnesen, Gail S.; Dennis, Robin L.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 105, Issue D7
Exploring the severe winter haze in Beijing: the impact of synoptic weather, regional transport and heterogeneous reactions
journal, January 2015
- Zheng, G. J.; Duan, F. K.; Su, H.
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 15, Issue 6
Development of a turbulence closure model for geophysical fluid problems
journal, January 1982
- Mellor, George L.; Yamada, Tetsuji
- Reviews of Geophysics, Vol. 20, Issue 4
Regional to Global Biogenic Isoprene Emission Responses to Changes in Vegetation From 2000 to 2015
journal, April 2018
- Chen, W. H.; Guenther, A. B.; Wang, X. M.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 123, Issue 7
Impacts of land use and land cover changes on biogenic emissions of volatile organic compounds in China from the late 1980s to the mid-2000s: implications for tropospheric ozone and secondary organic aerosol
journal, January 2014
- Fu, Yu; Liao, Hong
- Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology, Vol. 66, Issue 1
Impact of pollution controls in Beijing on atmospheric oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs) during the 2008 Olympic Games: observation and modeling implications
journal, January 2015
- Liu, Y.; Yuan, B.; Li, X.
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 15, Issue 6
Reactive nitrogen chemistry in aerosol water as a source of sulfate during haze events in China
journal, December 2016
- Cheng, Yafang; Zheng, Guangjie; Wei, Chao
- Science Advances, Vol. 2, Issue 12
Erratum to ‘Isoprene emission response to drought and the impact on global atmospheric chemistry’ [Atmos. Environ. 183 (2018) 69–83]
journal, July 2018
- Jiang, Xiaoyan; Guenther, Alex; Potosnak, Mark
- Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 185
Volatile organic compounds measured in summer in Beijing and their role in ground‐level ozone formation
journal, January 2009
- Shao, Min; Lu, Sihua; Liu, Ying
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 114
A comparison of North American and Asian exposure–response data for ozone effects on crop yields
journal, April 2009
- Emberson, L. D.; Büker, P.; Ashmore, M. R.
- Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 43, Issue 12
Modeling study of impacts on surface ozone of regional transport and emissions reductions over North China Plain in summer 2015
journal, January 2018
- Han, Xiao; Zhu, Lingyun; Wang, Shulan
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 18, Issue 16
Air Quality and Climate Connections
journal, May 2015
- Fiore, Arlene M.; Naik, Vaishali; Leibensperger, Eric M.
- Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, Vol. 65, Issue 6
Spatial and temporal variation of particulate matter and gaseous pollutants in China during 2014–2016
journal, July 2017
- Li, Rui; Cui, Lulu; Li, Junlin
- Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 161
Variations of ground-level O 3 and its precursors in Beijing in summertime between 2005 and 2011
journal, January 2014
- Zhang, Q.; Yuan, B.; Shao, M.
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 14, Issue 12
Concentration, sources and ozone formation potential of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during ozone episode in Beijing
journal, April 2008
- Duan, Jingchun; Tan, Jihua; Yang, Liu
- Atmospheric Research, Vol. 88, Issue 1
NO x emissions in China: historical trends and future perspectives
journal, January 2013
- Zhao, B.; Wang, S. X.; Liu, H.
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 13, Issue 19
Observations and Explicit Modeling of Summertime Carbonyl Formation in Beijing: Identification of Key Precursor Species and Their Impact on Atmospheric Oxidation Chemistry
journal, January 2018
- Yang, Xue; Xue, Likun; Wang, Tao
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 123, Issue 2
A scale and aerosol aware stochastic convective parameterization for weather and air quality modeling
journal, January 2014
- Grell, G. A.; Freitas, S. R.
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 14, Issue 10
Urban stress-induced biogenic VOC emissions and SOA-forming potentials in Beijing
journal, January 2016
- Ghirardo, Andrea; Xie, Junfei; Zheng, Xunhua
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 16, Issue 5
Radiative forcing by long-lived greenhouse gases: Calculations with the AER radiative transfer models
journal, January 2008
- Iacono, Michael J.; Delamere, Jennifer S.; Mlawer, Eli J.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 113, Issue D13
Global, regional, and national deaths, prevalence, disability-adjusted life years, and years lived with disability for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015
journal, September 2017
- Soriano, Joan B.; Abajobir, Amanuel Alemu; Abate, Kalkidan Hassen
- The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, Vol. 5, Issue 9
Impacts of compound extreme weather events on ozone in the present and future
journal, January 2018
- Zhang, Junxi; Gao, Yang; Luo, Kun
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 18, Issue 13
Projected changes of extreme weather events in the eastern United States based on a high resolution climate modeling system
journal, November 2012
- Gao, Y.; Fu, J. S.; Drake, J. B.
- Environmental Research Letters, Vol. 7, Issue 4
MIX: a mosaic Asian anthropogenic emission inventory under the international collaboration framework of the MICS-Asia and HTAP
journal, January 2017
- Li, Meng; Zhang, Qiang; Kurokawa, Jun-ichi
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 17, Issue 2
Particulate matter pollution over China and the effects of control policies
journal, April 2017
- Wang, Jiandong; Zhao, Bin; Wang, Shuxiao
- Science of The Total Environment, Vol. 584-585
Change in household fuels dominates the decrease in PM 2.5 exposure and premature mortality in China in 2005–2015
journal, November 2018
- Zhao, Bin; Zheng, Haotian; Wang, Shuxiao
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 115, Issue 49
Assessing air-quality in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region: The method and mixed tales of PM2.5 and O3
journal, November 2018
- Chen, Lei; Guo, Bin; Huang, Jiasheng
- Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 193
The impact of emission and climate change on ozone in the United States under representative concentration pathways (RCPs)
journal, January 2013
- Gao, Y.; Fu, J. S.; Drake, J. B.
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 13, Issue 18
Meteorological anomalies lead to elevated O 3 in the western U.S. in June 2015 : METEOROLOGY AND O
journal, February 2017
- Jaffe, D. A.; Zhang, L.
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 44, Issue 4
MODIS Collection 5 global land cover: Algorithm refinements and characterization of new datasets
journal, January 2010
- Friedl, Mark A.; Sulla-Menashe, Damien; Tan, Bin
- Remote Sensing of Environment, Vol. 114, Issue 1
Sensitivity and linearity analysis of ozone in East Asia: The effects of domestic emission and intercontinental transport
journal, July 2012
- Fu, Joshua S.; Dong, Xinyi; Gao, Yang
- Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, Vol. 62, Issue 9
Severe Surface Ozone Pollution in China: A Global Perspective
journal, July 2018
- Lu, Xiao; Hong, Jiayun; Zhang, Lin
- Environmental Science & Technology Letters, Vol. 5, Issue 8
Impact of a New Radiation Package, McRad, in the ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System
journal, December 2008
- Morcrette, J-J.; Barker, H. W.; Cole, J. N. S.
- Monthly Weather Review, Vol. 136, Issue 12
Climate-driven ground-level ozone extreme in the fall over the Southeast United States
journal, August 2016
- Zhang, Yuzhong; Wang, Yuhang
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 113, Issue 36
Review of the Governing Equations, Computational Algorithms, and Other Components of the Models-3 Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) Modeling System
journal, January 2006
- Byun, Daewon; Schere, Kenneth L.
- Applied Mechanics Reviews, Vol. 59, Issue 2
Impacts of meteorology and emissions on summertime surface ozone increases over central eastern China between 2003 and 2015
journal, January 2019
- Sun, Lei; Xue, Likun; Wang, Yuhang
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 19, Issue 3
Impacts of biogenic emissions of VOC and NOx on tropospheric ozone during summertime in eastern China
journal, May 2008
- Wang, Qin'geng; Han, Zhiwei; Wang, Tijian
- Science of The Total Environment, Vol. 395, Issue 1
Description and evaluation of the Model for Ozone and Related chemical Tracers, version 4 (MOZART-4)
journal, January 2010
- Emmons, L. K.; Walters, S.; Hess, P. G.
- Geoscientific Model Development, Vol. 3, Issue 1
Nonlinear response of ozone to precursor emission changes in China: a modeling study using response surface methodology
journal, January 2011
- Xing, J.; Wang, S. X.; Jang, C.
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 11, Issue 10
Trends in China's anthropogenic emissions since 2010 as the consequence of clean air actions
journal, January 2018
- Zheng, Bo; Tong, Dan; Li, Meng
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 18, Issue 19
The NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2
journal, March 2014
- Saha, Suranjana; Moorthi, Shrinivas; Wu, Xingren
- Journal of Climate, Vol. 27, Issue 6
Estimates of global terrestrial isoprene emissions using MEGAN (Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature)
journal, January 2006
- Guenther, A.; Karl, T.; Harley, P.
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 6, Issue 11
A scale and aerosol aware stochastic convective parameterization for weather and air quality modeling
journal, January 2013
- Grell, G. A.; Freitas, S. R.
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions, Vol. 13, Issue 9
Estimates of global terrestrial isoprene emissions using MEGAN (Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature)
journal, January 2006
- Guenther, A.; Karl, T.; Harley, P.
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions, Vol. 6, Issue 1
The Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature version 2.1 (MEGAN2.1): an extended and updated framework for modeling biogenic emissions
journal, January 2012
- Guenther, A. B.; Jiang, X.; Heald, C. L.
- Geoscientific Model Development Discussions, Vol. 5, Issue 2
Urban stress-induced biogenic VOC emissions and SOA-forming potentials in Beijing
text, January 2016
- Ghirardo, A.; Xie, J.; Zheng, X.
- Karlsruhe
MCD15A2H MODIS/Terra+Aqua Leaf Area Index/FPAR 8-day L4 Global 500m SIN Grid V006
dataset, January 2015
- Myneni, Ranga; Knyazikhin, Yuri; Park, Taejin
- NASA EOSDIS Land Processes DAAC
Synoptic and meteorological drivers of extreme ozone concentrations over Europe
journal, February 2016
- Otero, N.; Sillmann, J.; Schnell, J. L.
- Environmental Research Letters, Vol. 11, Issue 2
The Step-Mountain Coordinate: Physical Package
journal, July 1990
- Janjić, Zaviša I.
- Monthly Weather Review, Vol. 118, Issue 7
The Step-Mountain Eta Coordinate Model: Further Developments of the Convection, Viscous Sublayer, and Turbulence Closure Schemes
journal, May 1994
- Janjić, Zaviša I.
- Monthly Weather Review, Vol. 122, Issue 5
Impact of Cloud Microphysics on the Development of Trailing Stratiform Precipitation in a Simulated Squall Line: Comparison of One- and Two-Moment Schemes
journal, March 2009
- Morrison, H.; Thompson, G.; Tatarskii, V.
- Monthly Weather Review, Vol. 137, Issue 3
MCD15A2H MODIS/Terra+Aqua Leaf Area Index/FPAR 8-day L4 Global 500m SIN Grid V006
dataset, January 2015
- Myneni, Ranga; Knyazikhin, Yuri; Park, Taejin
- NASA EOSDIS Land Processes DAAC
Estimates of global terrestrial isoprene emissions using MEGAN (Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature)
journal, January 2006
- Guenther, A.; Karl, T.; Harley, P.
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 6, Issue 11
Works referencing / citing this record:
Seesaw haze pollution in North China modulated by the sub-seasonal variability of atmospheric circulation
journal, January 2019
- Zhang, Ge; Gao, Yang; Cai, Wenju
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 19, Issue 1