Three-terminal magnetic tunnel junction synapse circuits showing spike-timing-dependent plasticity

Akinola, Otitoaleke; Hu, Xuan; Bennett, Christopher H.; Marinella, Matthew; Friedman, Joseph S.; Incorvia, Jean Anne C.

doi:10.1088/1361-6463/ab4157

Title: Three-terminal magnetic tunnel junction synapse circuits showing spike-timing-dependent plasticity

Abstract

There have been recent efforts towards the development of biologically-inspired neuromorphic devices and architecture. In this work, we demonstrate a synapse circuit that is designed to perform spike-timing-dependent plasticity which works with the leaky, integrate, and fire neuron in a neuromorphic computing architecture. The circuit consists of a three-terminal magnetic tunnel junction with a mobile domain wall between two low-pass filters and has been modeled in SPICE. The findings show that the current flowing through the synapse is highly correlated to the timing delay between the pre-synaptic and post-synaptic neurons. Using micromagnetic simulations, we show that introducing notches along the length of the domain wall track pins the domain wall at each successive notch to properly respond to the timing between the input and output current pulses of the circuit, producing a multi-state resistance representing synaptic weights. We show in SPICE that a notch-free ideal magnetic device also shows spike-timing dependent plasticity in response to the circuit current. This work is key progress towards making more bio-realistic artificial synapses with multiple weights, which can be trained online with a promise of CMOS compatibility and energy efficiency.

Authors:

^[1];

^[2];

^[3]; Marinella, Matthew ^[3];

^[2];

^[1]

Univ. of Texas, Austin, TX (United States)
Univ. of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX (United States)
Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)

Publication Date:: Mon Sep 23 00:00:00 EDT 2019

Research Org.:: Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)

OSTI Identifier:: 1574455

Report Number(s):: SAND-2019-12134J
Journal ID: ISSN 0022-3727; 680164; TRN: US2001334

Grant/Contract Number:: AC04-94AL85000; NA0003525

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Journal of Physics. D, Applied Physics

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 52; Journal Issue: 49; Journal ID: ISSN 0022-3727

Publisher:: IOP Publishing

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 42 ENGINEERING; Synapse; neuromorphic; magnetic tunnel junction; plasticity; domain wall

Citation Formats


                    Akinola, Otitoaleke, Hu, Xuan, Bennett, Christopher H., Marinella, Matthew, Friedman, Joseph S., and Incorvia, Jean Anne C. Three-terminal magnetic tunnel junction synapse circuits showing spike-timing-dependent plasticity.  United States: N. p., 2019. 
Web.  doi:10.1088/1361-6463/ab4157.

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                    Akinola, Otitoaleke, Hu, Xuan, Bennett, Christopher H., Marinella, Matthew, Friedman, Joseph S., & Incorvia, Jean Anne C. Three-terminal magnetic tunnel junction synapse circuits showing spike-timing-dependent plasticity.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/ab4157

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                    Akinola, Otitoaleke, Hu, Xuan, Bennett, Christopher H., Marinella, Matthew, Friedman, Joseph S., and Incorvia, Jean Anne C. Mon .  
"Three-terminal magnetic tunnel junction synapse circuits showing spike-timing-dependent plasticity".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/ab4157.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1574455.

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@article{osti_1574455,

  title        = {Three-terminal magnetic tunnel junction synapse circuits showing spike-timing-dependent plasticity},

  author       = {Akinola, Otitoaleke and Hu, Xuan and Bennett, Christopher H. and Marinella, Matthew and Friedman, Joseph S. and Incorvia, Jean Anne C.},

  abstractNote = {There have been recent efforts towards the development of biologically-inspired neuromorphic devices and architecture. In this work, we demonstrate a synapse circuit that is designed to perform spike-timing-dependent plasticity which works with the leaky, integrate, and fire neuron in a neuromorphic computing architecture. The circuit consists of a three-terminal magnetic tunnel junction with a mobile domain wall between two low-pass filters and has been modeled in SPICE. The findings show that the current flowing through the synapse is highly correlated to the timing delay between the pre-synaptic and post-synaptic neurons. Using micromagnetic simulations, we show that introducing notches along the length of the domain wall track pins the domain wall at each successive notch to properly respond to the timing between the input and output current pulses of the circuit, producing a multi-state resistance representing synaptic weights. We show in SPICE that a notch-free ideal magnetic device also shows spike-timing dependent plasticity in response to the circuit current. This work is key progress towards making more bio-realistic artificial synapses with multiple weights, which can be trained online with a promise of CMOS compatibility and energy efficiency.},

  doi          = {10.1088/1361-6463/ab4157},

  journal      = {Journal of Physics. D, Applied Physics},

  number       = 49,

  volume       = 52,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Mon Sep 23 00:00:00 EDT 2019},

  month        = {Mon Sep 23 00:00:00 EDT 2019}

}

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Title: Three-terminal magnetic tunnel junction synapse circuits showing spike-timing-dependent plasticity

Abstract

Citation Formats

Modelling the molecular mechanisms of synaptic plasticity using systems biology approaches journal, April 2010

Selective domain wall depinning by localized Oersted fields and Joule heating journal, September 2008

Single pairing spike-timing dependent plasticity in BiFeO3 memristors with a time window of 25 ms to 125 μs journal, June 2015

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Magnetic domain wall neuron with lateral inhibition journal, October 2018

Filamentary Switching: Synaptic Plasticity through Device Volatility journal, January 2015

Spin-Transfer Torque Magnetic Memory as a Stochastic Memristive Synapse for Neuromorphic Systems journal, April 2015

Proposal for an All-Spin Artificial Neural Network: Emulating Neural and Synaptic Functionalities Through Domain Wall Motion in Ferromagnets journal, December 2016

Composable Probabilistic Inference Networks Using MRAM-based Stochastic Neurons journal, March 2019

Neuromorphic computing enabled by physics of electron spins: Prospects and perspectives journal, February 2018

Short-Term Memory to Long-Term Memory Transition in a Nanoscale Memristor journal, August 2011

All Spin Artificial Neural Networks Based on Compound Spintronic Synapse and Neuron journal, August 2016

SPICE-Only Model for Spin-Transfer Torque Domain Wall MTJ Logic journal, June 2019

The Developing Brain journal, September 1992

The emergence of spin electronics in data storage journal, November 2007

Spin wave based synapse and neuron for ultra low power neuromorphic computation system conference, May 2016

Low Energy Magnetic Domain Wall Logic in Short, Narrow, Ferromagnetic Wires journal, January 2012

Logic circuit prototypes for three-terminal magnetic tunnel junctions with mobile domain walls journal, January 2016

Synaptic plasticity and learning behaviours mimicked through Ag interface movement in an Ag/conducting polymer/Ta memristive system journal, January 2013

Emerging Memory Devices for Neuromorphic Computing journal, January 2019

Neuromorphic computing using non-volatile memory journal, October 2016

Exploiting the short-term to long-term plasticity transition in memristive nanodevice learning architectures conference, July 2016

Encoding neural and synaptic functionalities in electron spin: A pathway to efficient neuromorphic computing journal, December 2017

Spin orbit torques and Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction in dual-interfaced Co-Ni multilayers journal, September 2016

Magnetic Tunnel Junction Based Long-Term Short-Term Stochastic Synapse for a Spiking Neural Network with On-Chip STDP Learning journal, July 2016

Synaptic Modification by Correlated Activity: Hebb's Postulate Revisited journal, March 2001

Overview of Beyond-CMOS Devices and a Uniform Methodology for Their Benchmarking journal, December 2013

Spin–orbit torques in action journal, February 2014

Chain of magnetic tunnel junctions as a spintronic memristor journal, October 2018

Magnetic Domain-Wall Racetrack Memory journal, April 2008

Demonstration of spike timing dependent plasticity in CBRAM devices with silicon neurons conference, May 2016

Publisher’s Note: “Reduction of internal polarization fields in InGaN quantum wells by InGaN/AlGaN ultra-thin superlattice barriers with different indium” [J. Appl. Phys. 110, 123108 (2011)] journal, February 2012

Energy-efficient neuromorphic computation based on compound spin synapse with stochastic learning conference, May 2015

Perspective: Spintronic synapse for artificial neural network journal, October 2018

Current-Controlled Magnetic Domain-Wall Nanowire Shift Register journal, April 2008

IBM's new brain [News] journal, October 2014

Self-Adaptive Spike-Time-Dependent Plasticity of Metal-Oxide Memristors journal, February 2016

Current-induced domain wall motion journal, April 2008

The formation of multi-synaptic connections by the interaction of synaptic and structural plasticity and their functional consequences text, January 2014

Composable Probabilistic Inference Networks Using MRAM-based Stochastic Neurons text, January 2018

The developing brain journal, February 2012

The formation of multi-synaptic connections by the interaction of synaptic and structural plasticity and their functional consequences journal, July 2014

Self-Adaptive Spike-Time-Dependent Plasticity of Metal-Oxide Memristors text, January 2015

Proposal for an All-Spin Artificial Neural Network: Emulating Neural and Synaptic Functionalities Through Domain Wall Motion in Ferromagnets text, January 2015

Spin orbit torques and Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction in dual-interfaced Co-Ni multilayers text, January 2016

Encoding Neural and Synaptic Functionalities in Electron Spin: A Pathway to Efficient Neuromorphic Computing preprint, January 2017

Current-driven domain wall motion in magnetic wires with asymmetric notches text, January 2005

Modelling the molecular mechanisms of synaptic plasticity using systems biology approaches
journal, April 2010

Selective domain wall depinning by localized Oersted fields and Joule heating
journal, September 2008

Single pairing spike-timing dependent plasticity in BiFeO3 memristors with a time window of 25 ms to 125 μs
journal, June 2015

Integrate-and-Fire (I&F) Neuron Circuit Using Resistive-Switching Random Access Memory (RRAM)
journal, May 2017

Ground and river water quality monitoring using a smartphone-based pH sensor
journal, May 2015

Spike timing dependent plasticity: a consequence of more fundamental learning rules
journal, January 2010

The design and verification of MuMax3
journal, October 2014

Reliable Multivalued Conductance States in TaO _x Memristors through Oxygen Plasma-Assisted Electrode Deposition with in Situ-Biased Conductance State Transmission Electron Microscopy Analysis
journal, July 2018

Stochastic Properties of Synaptic Transmission Affect the Shape of Spike Time–Dependent Plasticity Curves
journal, February 2005

Mechanisms of induction and maintenance of spike-timing dependent plasticity in biophysical synapse models
journal, January 2010

The Formation of Multi-synaptic Connections by the Interaction of Synaptic and Structural Plasticity and Their Functional Consequences
journal, January 2015

Neuromodulated Spike-Timing-Dependent Plasticity, and Theory of Three-Factor Learning Rules
journal, January 2016

Ultrastructural Characterization of the Lower Motor System in a Mouse Model of Krabbe Disease
journal, December 2016

Capacity analysis in multi-state synaptic models: a retrieval probability perspective
journal, October 2010

Neuronal Dynamics
book, August 2014

Synchronous Circuit Design With Beyond-CMOS Magnetoelectric Spin–Orbit Devices Toward 100-mV Logic
journal, June 2019

Synaptic computation
journal, October 2004

Benchmarking of Beyond-CMOS Exploratory Devices for Logic Integrated Circuits
journal, January 2015

Phase change memory as synapse for ultra-dense neuromorphic systems: Application to complex visual pattern extraction
conference, December 2011

Reservoir computing using dynamic memristors for temporal information processing
journal, December 2017

Current-driven domain-wall motion in magnetic wires with asymmetric notches
journal, December 2005

Current-driven domain-wall depinning
journal, July 2005

Track heating study for current-induced domain wall motion experiments
journal, December 2010

Spintronic Nanodevices for Bioinspired Computing
journal, October 2016

Magnetic domain wall neuron with lateral inhibition
journal, October 2018

Filamentary Switching: Synaptic Plasticity through Device Volatility
journal, January 2015

Spin-Transfer Torque Magnetic Memory as a Stochastic Memristive Synapse for Neuromorphic Systems
journal, April 2015

Proposal for an All-Spin Artificial Neural Network: Emulating Neural and Synaptic Functionalities Through Domain Wall Motion in Ferromagnets
journal, December 2016

Composable Probabilistic Inference Networks Using MRAM-based Stochastic Neurons
journal, March 2019

Neuromorphic computing enabled by physics of electron spins: Prospects and perspectives
journal, February 2018

Short-Term Memory to Long-Term Memory Transition in a Nanoscale Memristor
journal, August 2011

All Spin Artificial Neural Networks Based on Compound Spintronic Synapse and Neuron
journal, August 2016

SPICE-Only Model for Spin-Transfer Torque Domain Wall MTJ Logic
journal, June 2019

The Developing Brain
journal, September 1992

The emergence of spin electronics in data storage
journal, November 2007

Spin wave based synapse and neuron for ultra low power neuromorphic computation system
conference, May 2016

Low Energy Magnetic Domain Wall Logic in Short, Narrow, Ferromagnetic Wires
journal, January 2012

Logic circuit prototypes for three-terminal magnetic tunnel junctions with mobile domain walls
journal, January 2016

Synaptic plasticity and learning behaviours mimicked through Ag interface movement in an Ag/conducting polymer/Ta memristive system
journal, January 2013

Emerging Memory Devices for Neuromorphic Computing
journal, January 2019

Neuromorphic computing using non-volatile memory
journal, October 2016

Exploiting the short-term to long-term plasticity transition in memristive nanodevice learning architectures
conference, July 2016

Encoding neural and synaptic functionalities in electron spin: A pathway to efficient neuromorphic computing
journal, December 2017

Spin orbit torques and Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction in dual-interfaced Co-Ni multilayers
journal, September 2016

Magnetic Tunnel Junction Based Long-Term Short-Term Stochastic Synapse for a Spiking Neural Network with On-Chip STDP Learning
journal, July 2016

Synaptic Modification by Correlated Activity: Hebb's Postulate Revisited
journal, March 2001

Overview of Beyond-CMOS Devices and a Uniform Methodology for Their Benchmarking
journal, December 2013

Spin–orbit torques in action
journal, February 2014

Chain of magnetic tunnel junctions as a spintronic memristor
journal, October 2018

Magnetic Domain-Wall Racetrack Memory
journal, April 2008

Demonstration of spike timing dependent plasticity in CBRAM devices with silicon neurons
conference, May 2016

Publisher’s Note: “Reduction of internal polarization fields in InGaN quantum wells by InGaN/AlGaN ultra-thin superlattice barriers with different indium” [J. Appl. Phys. 110, 123108 (2011)]
journal, February 2012

Energy-efficient neuromorphic computation based on compound spin synapse with stochastic learning
conference, May 2015

Perspective: Spintronic synapse for artificial neural network
journal, October 2018

Current-Controlled Magnetic Domain-Wall Nanowire Shift Register
journal, April 2008

IBM's new brain [News]
journal, October 2014

Self-Adaptive Spike-Time-Dependent Plasticity of Metal-Oxide Memristors
journal, February 2016

Current-induced domain wall motion
journal, April 2008

The formation of multi-synaptic connections by the interaction of synaptic and structural plasticity and their functional consequences
text, January 2014

Composable Probabilistic Inference Networks Using MRAM-based Stochastic Neurons
text, January 2018

The developing brain
journal, February 2012

The formation of multi-synaptic connections by the interaction of synaptic and structural plasticity and their functional consequences
journal, July 2014

Self-Adaptive Spike-Time-Dependent Plasticity of Metal-Oxide Memristors
text, January 2015

Proposal for an All-Spin Artificial Neural Network: Emulating Neural and Synaptic Functionalities Through Domain Wall Motion in Ferromagnets
text, January 2015

Spin orbit torques and Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction in dual-interfaced Co-Ni multilayers
text, January 2016

Encoding Neural and Synaptic Functionalities in Electron Spin: A Pathway to Efficient Neuromorphic Computing
preprint, January 2017

Current-driven domain wall motion in magnetic wires with asymmetric notches
text, January 2005