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Title: Fusion Energy Output Greater than the Kinetic Energy of an Imploding Shell at the National Ignition Facility

Abstract

A series of cryogenic, layered deuterium-tritium (DT) implosions have produced, for the first time, fusion energy output twice the peak kinetic energy of the imploding shell. These experiments at the National Ignition Facility utilized high density carbon ablators with a three-shock laser pulse (1.5 MJ in 7.5 ns) to irradiate low gas-filled (0.3 mg / cc of helium) bare depleted uranium hohlraums, resulting in a peak hohlraum radiative temperature ~ 290 eV. The imploding shell, composed of the nonablated high density carbon and the DT cryogenic layer, is, thus, driven to velocity on the order of 380 km / s resulting in a peak kinetic energy of ~ 21 kJ, which once stagnated produced a total DT neutron yield of 1.9 × 1016 (shot N170827) corresponding to an output fusion energy of 54 kJ. Time dependent low mode asymmetries that limited further progress of implosions have now been controlled, leading to an increased compression of the hot spot. Finally, it resulted in hot spot areal density (ρr ~ 0.3 g / cm2) and stagnation pressure (~ 360 Gbar) never before achieved in a laboratory experiment.

Authors:
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+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
  2. General Atomics, San Diego, CA (United States)
  3. Univ. of Rochester, Rochester, NY (United States). Lab. for Laser Energetics
  4. Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States). Plasma Science and Fusion Center
  5. Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
  6. Diamond Materials Gmbh, Freiburg (Germany)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)
OSTI Identifier:
1570425
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1454312
Report Number(s):
LLNL-JRNL-752037
Journal ID: ISSN 0031-9007; PRLTAO; 892280; TRN: US2100199
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC52-07NA27344; 11-ERD-050; NA0001808
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Physical Review Letters
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 120; Journal Issue: 24; Journal ID: ISSN 0031-9007
Publisher:
American Physical Society (APS)
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY

Citation Formats

Le Pape, S., Berzak Hopkins, L. F., Divol, L., Pak, A., Dewald, E. L., Bhandarkar, S., Bennedetti, L. R., Bunn, T., Biener, J., Crippen, J., Casey, D., Edgell, D., Fittinghoff, D. N., Gatu-Johnson, M., Goyon, C., Haan, S., Hatarik, R., Havre, M., Ho, D. D-M., Izumi, N., Jaquez, J., Khan, S. F., Kyrala, G. A., Ma, T., Mackinnon, A. J., MacPhee, A. G., MacGowan, B. J., Meezan, N. B., Milovich, J., Millot, M., Michel, P., Nagel, S. R., Nikroo, A., Patel, P., Ralph, J., Ross, J. S., Rice, N. G., Strozzi, D., Stadermann, M., Volegov, P., Yeamans, C., Weber, C., Wild, C., Callahan, D., and Hurricane, O. A. Fusion Energy Output Greater than the Kinetic Energy of an Imploding Shell at the National Ignition Facility. United States: N. p., 2018. Web. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.120.245003.
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Le Pape, S., Berzak Hopkins, L. F., Divol, L., Pak, A., Dewald, E. L., Bhandarkar, S., Bennedetti, L. R., Bunn, T., Biener, J., Crippen, J., Casey, D., Edgell, D., Fittinghoff, D. N., Gatu-Johnson, M., Goyon, C., Haan, S., Hatarik, R., Havre, M., Ho, D. D-M., Izumi, N., Jaquez, J., Khan, S. F., Kyrala, G. A., Ma, T., Mackinnon, A. J., MacPhee, A. G., MacGowan, B. J., Meezan, N. B., Milovich, J., Millot, M., Michel, P., Nagel, S. R., Nikroo, A., Patel, P., Ralph, J., Ross, J. S., Rice, N. G., Strozzi, D., Stadermann, M., Volegov, P., Yeamans, C., Weber, C., Wild, C., Callahan, D., & Hurricane, O. A. Fusion Energy Output Greater than the Kinetic Energy of an Imploding Shell at the National Ignition Facility. United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.120.245003
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Le Pape, S., Berzak Hopkins, L. F., Divol, L., Pak, A., Dewald, E. L., Bhandarkar, S., Bennedetti, L. R., Bunn, T., Biener, J., Crippen, J., Casey, D., Edgell, D., Fittinghoff, D. N., Gatu-Johnson, M., Goyon, C., Haan, S., Hatarik, R., Havre, M., Ho, D. D-M., Izumi, N., Jaquez, J., Khan, S. F., Kyrala, G. A., Ma, T., Mackinnon, A. J., MacPhee, A. G., MacGowan, B. J., Meezan, N. B., Milovich, J., Millot, M., Michel, P., Nagel, S. R., Nikroo, A., Patel, P., Ralph, J., Ross, J. S., Rice, N. G., Strozzi, D., Stadermann, M., Volegov, P., Yeamans, C., Weber, C., Wild, C., Callahan, D., and Hurricane, O. A. Thu . "Fusion Energy Output Greater than the Kinetic Energy of an Imploding Shell at the National Ignition Facility". United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.120.245003. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1570425.
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@article{osti_1570425,
title = {Fusion Energy Output Greater than the Kinetic Energy of an Imploding Shell at the National Ignition Facility},
author = {Le Pape, S. and Berzak Hopkins, L. F. and Divol, L. and Pak, A. and Dewald, E. L. and Bhandarkar, S. and Bennedetti, L. R. and Bunn, T. and Biener, J. and Crippen, J. and Casey, D. and Edgell, D. and Fittinghoff, D. N. and Gatu-Johnson, M. and Goyon, C. and Haan, S. and Hatarik, R. and Havre, M. and Ho, D. D-M. and Izumi, N. and Jaquez, J. and Khan, S. F. and Kyrala, G. A. and Ma, T. and Mackinnon, A. J. and MacPhee, A. G. and MacGowan, B. J. and Meezan, N. B. and Milovich, J. and Millot, M. and Michel, P. and Nagel, S. R. and Nikroo, A. and Patel, P. and Ralph, J. and Ross, J. S. and Rice, N. G. and Strozzi, D. and Stadermann, M. and Volegov, P. and Yeamans, C. and Weber, C. and Wild, C. and Callahan, D. and Hurricane, O. A.},
abstractNote = {A series of cryogenic, layered deuterium-tritium (DT) implosions have produced, for the first time, fusion energy output twice the peak kinetic energy of the imploding shell. These experiments at the National Ignition Facility utilized high density carbon ablators with a three-shock laser pulse (1.5 MJ in 7.5 ns) to irradiate low gas-filled (0.3 mg / cc of helium) bare depleted uranium hohlraums, resulting in a peak hohlraum radiative temperature ~ 290 eV. The imploding shell, composed of the nonablated high density carbon and the DT cryogenic layer, is, thus, driven to velocity on the order of 380 km / s resulting in a peak kinetic energy of ~ 21 kJ, which once stagnated produced a total DT neutron yield of 1.9 × 1016 (shot N170827) corresponding to an output fusion energy of 54 kJ. Time dependent low mode asymmetries that limited further progress of implosions have now been controlled, leading to an increased compression of the hot spot. Finally, it resulted in hot spot areal density (ρr ~ 0.3 g / cm2) and stagnation pressure (~ 360 Gbar) never before achieved in a laboratory experiment.},
doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.120.245003},
journal = {Physical Review Letters},
number = 24,
volume = 120,
place = {United States},
year = {Thu Jun 14 00:00:00 EDT 2018},
month = {Thu Jun 14 00:00:00 EDT 2018}
}
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https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.120.245003
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Cited by: 161 works
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Figures / Tables:

FIG. 1 FIG. 1: Target and laser specifications for shots N170601 and N170827.a) 6.20 mm scale hohlraum b) 70 $µ$m thick HDC capsule used in the 6.20mm scale hohlraum, green layer denotes the doped layer. This figure illustrates the doped layer of the HDC capsule. The doped HDC layer is 20 micronsmore » thick doped with 0.3% atomic percent of tungsten to shield the fuel from suprathermal X-rays. This shielding is designed to reduce decompression of the inner capsule region and fuel and to improve the stability of the fuel-capsule interface. c) laser pulse.« less
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