Additive Engineering for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells

Zhang, Fei; Zhu, Kai

doi:10.1002/aenm.201902579

Title: Additive Engineering for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells

Abstract

Abstract Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have reached a certified 25.2% efficiency in 2019 due to their high absorption coefficient, high carrier mobility, long diffusion length, and tunable direct bandgap. However, due to the nature of solution processing and rapid crystal growth of perovskite thin films, a variety of defects can form as a result of the precursor compositions and processing conditions. The use of additives can affect perovskite crystallization and film formation, defect passivation in the bulk and/or at the surface, as well as influence the interface tuning of structure and energetics. Here, recent progress in additive engineering during perovskite film formation is discussed according to the following common categories: Lewis acid (e.g., metal cations, fullerene derivatives), Lewis base based on the donor type (e.g., O‐donor, S‐donor, and N‐donor), ammonium salts, low‐dimensional perovskites, and ionic liquid. Various additive‐assisted strategies for interface optimization are then summarized; additives include modifiers to improve electron‐ and hole‐transport layers as well as those to modify perovskite surface properties. Finally, an outlook is provided on research trends with respect to additive engineering in PSC development.

Authors:

^[1];

^[1]

National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States). Chemistry and Nanoscience Center

Publication Date:: Fri Oct 04 00:00:00 EDT 2019

Research Org.:: National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)

OSTI Identifier:: 1570188

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1569293

Report Number(s):: NREL/JA-5900-74576
Journal ID: ISSN 1614-6832; MainId:19903;UUID:a0ddcd93-caba-e911-9c24-ac162d87dfe5;MainAdminID:8380

Grant/Contract Number:: AC36-08GO28308

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Advanced Energy Materials

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 10; Journal Issue: 13; Journal ID: ISSN 1614-6832

Publisher:: Wiley

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 14 SOLAR ENERGY; 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; additives; Lewis acid; perovskite solar cells; stability; defect passivation

Citation Formats


                    Zhang, Fei, and Zhu, Kai. Additive Engineering for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells.  United States: N. p., 2019. 
Web.  doi:10.1002/aenm.201902579.

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                    Zhang, Fei, & Zhu, Kai. Additive Engineering for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201902579

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                    Zhang, Fei, and Zhu, Kai. Fri .  
"Additive Engineering for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201902579.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1570188.

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@article{osti_1570188,

  title        = {Additive Engineering for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells},

  author       = {Zhang, Fei and Zhu, Kai},

  abstractNote = {Abstract Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have reached a certified 25.2% efficiency in 2019 due to their high absorption coefficient, high carrier mobility, long diffusion length, and tunable direct bandgap. However, due to the nature of solution processing and rapid crystal growth of perovskite thin films, a variety of defects can form as a result of the precursor compositions and processing conditions. The use of additives can affect perovskite crystallization and film formation, defect passivation in the bulk and/or at the surface, as well as influence the interface tuning of structure and energetics. Here, recent progress in additive engineering during perovskite film formation is discussed according to the following common categories: Lewis acid (e.g., metal cations, fullerene derivatives), Lewis base based on the donor type (e.g., O‐donor, S‐donor, and N‐donor), ammonium salts, low‐dimensional perovskites, and ionic liquid. Various additive‐assisted strategies for interface optimization are then summarized; additives include modifiers to improve electron‐ and hole‐transport layers as well as those to modify perovskite surface properties. Finally, an outlook is provided on research trends with respect to additive engineering in PSC development.},

  doi          = {10.1002/aenm.201902579},

  journal      = {Advanced Energy Materials},

  number       = 13,

  volume       = 10,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Fri Oct 04 00:00:00 EDT 2019},

  month        = {Fri Oct 04 00:00:00 EDT 2019}

}

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Potassium- and Rubidium-Passivated Alloyed Perovskite Films: Optoelectronic Properties and Moisture Stability.
text, January 2018

Abdi-Jalebi, Mojtaba; Andaji-Garmaroudi, Zahra; Pearson, Andrew J.
Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
DOI: 10.17863/cam.30599

Stabilizing halide perovskite surfaces for solar cell operation with wide-bandgap lead oxysalts
text, January 2019

X., Xiao,; E., Mosconi,; Y., Gao,
The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
DOI: 10.17615/j2pq-mf32

Maximizing and stabilizing luminescence from halide perovskites with potassium passivation
journalarticle, January 2018

Abdi Jalebi, Mojtaba; Andaji Garmaroudi, Zahra; Cacovich, Stefania
Springer Nature
DOI: 10.17863/cam.18795

Atomic-level passivation mechanism of ammonium salts enabling highly efficient perovskite solar cells.
text, January 2019

Alharbi, Essa A.; Alyamani, Ahmed Y.; Kubicki, Dominik
Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
DOI: 10.17863/cam.43116

Works referencing / citing this record:

In Situ-Formed and Low-Temperature-Deposited Nb:TiO2 Compact-Mesoporous Layer for Hysteresis-Less Perovskite Solar Cells with High Performance
journal, June 2020

Yu, Miao; Sun, Haoxuan; Huang, Xiaona
Nanoscale Research Letters, Vol. 15, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1186/s11671-020-03366-1

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Title: Additive Engineering for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells

Abstract

Citation Formats

CH3NH3PbX3, ein Pb(II)-System mit kubischer Perowskitstruktur / CH3NH3PbX3, a Pb(II)-System with Cubic Perovskite Structure journal, December 1978

Das Perowskitsystem CH3NH3 [Pb,Sn1-nX3] (X = Cl, Br, I) / The Perovskite System CH3NH3[PbnSn1-nX3] ( X = C1, Br, I) journal, July 1979

Conducting tin halides with a layered organic-based perovskite structure journal, June 1994

Conducting Layered Organic-inorganic Halides Containing <110>-Oriented Perovskite Sheets journal, March 1995

Organometal Halide Perovskites as Visible-Light Sensitizers for Photovoltaic Cells journal, May 2009

Lead Iodide Perovskite Sensitized All-Solid-State Submicron Thin Film Mesoscopic Solar Cell with Efficiency Exceeding 9% journal, August 2012

Efficient Hybrid Solar Cells Based on Meso-Superstructured Organometal Halide Perovskites journal, October 2012

Carrier lifetimes of >1 μs in Sn-Pb perovskites enable efficient all-perovskite tandem solar cells journal, April 2019

Polymer-templated nucleation and crystal growth of perovskite films for solar cells with efficiency greater than 21% journal, September 2016

Surface passivation of perovskite film for efficient solar cells journal, April 2019

A fluorene-terminated hole-transporting material for highly efficient and stable perovskite solar cells journal, July 2018

Iodide management in formamidinium-lead-halide–based perovskite layers for efficient solar cells journal, June 2017

Colloidally prepared La-doped BaSnO 3 electrodes for efficient, photostable perovskite solar cells journal, March 2017

High-performance photovoltaic perovskite layers fabricated through intramolecular exchange journal, May 2015

Compositional engineering of perovskite materials for high-performance solar cells journal, January 2015

Sequential deposition as a route to high-performance perovskite-sensitized solar cells journal, July 2013

A hole-conductor-free, fully printable mesoscopic perovskite solar cell with high stability journal, July 2014

Self-Seeding Growth for Perovskite Solar Cells with Enhanced Stability journal, June 2019

Efficient and stable large-area perovskite solar cells with inorganic charge extraction layers journal, October 2015

Maximizing and stabilizing luminescence from halide perovskites with potassium passivation journal, March 2018

Highly Reproducible Perovskite Solar Cells with Average Efficiency of 18.3% and Best Efficiency of 19.7% Fabricated via Lewis Base Adduct of Lead(II) Iodide journal, July 2015

Efficient, stable and scalable perovskite solar cells using poly(3-hexylthiophene) journal, March 2019

Stabilizing halide perovskite surfaces for solar cell operation with wide-bandgap lead oxysalts journal, August 2019

A vacuum flash–assisted solution process for high-efficiency large-area perovskite solar cells journal, June 2016

Elucidating the long-range charge carrier mobility in metal halide perovskite thin films journal, January 2019

Charge-Carrier Mobilities in Metal Halide Perovskites: Fundamental Mechanisms and Limits journal, June 2017

Electron-hole diffusion lengths > 175 μm in solution-grown CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 single crystals journal, January 2015

Halide Perovskite Photovoltaics: Background, Status, and Future Prospects journal, March 2019

Indirect to direct bandgap transition in methylammonium lead halide perovskite journal, January 2017

Efficient luminescent solar cells based on tailored mixed-cation perovskites journal, January 2016

Scalable fabrication of perovskite solar cells journal, March 2018

Challenges for commercializing perovskite solar cells journal, September 2018

Cost Analysis of Perovskite Tandem Photovoltaics journal, August 2018

A Review of Perovskites Solar Cell Stability journal, February 2019

Unusual defect physics in CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 perovskite solar cell absorber journal, February 2014

Defects in metal triiodide perovskite materials towards high-performance solar cells: origin, impact, characterization, and engineering journal, January 2018

Ionic transport in hybrid lead iodide perovskite solar cells journal, June 2015

Self-Regulation Mechanism for Charged Point Defects in Hybrid Halide Perovskites journal, December 2014

Theoretical Treatment of CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 Perovskite Solar Cells journal, October 2017

Halide perovskite materials for solar cells: a theoretical review journal, January 2015

Unravelling the Effects of Grain Boundary and Chemical Doping on Electron–Hole Recombination in CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 Perovskite by Time-Domain Atomistic Simulation journal, March 2016

Recombination in Perovskite Solar Cells: Significance of Grain Boundaries, Interface Traps, and Defect Ions journal, April 2017

Imperfections and their passivation in halide perovskite solar cells journal, January 2019

Lewis Acid–Base Adduct Approach for High Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells journal, January 2016

Ultrasmooth organic–inorganic perovskite thin-film formation and crystallization for efficient planar heterojunction solar cells journal, January 2015

Controllable Self-Induced Passivation of Hybrid Lead Iodide Perovskites toward High Performance Solar Cells journal, June 2014

Beneficial Effects of PbI 2 Incorporated in Organo-Lead Halide Perovskite Solar Cells journal, December 2015

Unreacted PbI 2 as a Double-Edged Sword for Enhancing the Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells journal, August 2016

Exploration of the compositional space for mixed lead halogen perovskites for high efficiency solar cells journal, January 2016

Employing Lead Thiocyanate Additive to Reduce the Hysteresis and Boost the Fill Factor of Planar Perovskite Solar Cells journal, May 2016

Spontaneous Passivation of Hybrid Perovskite by Sodium Ions from Glass Substrates: Mysterious Enhancement of Device Efficiency Revealed journal, May 2017

Extrinsic ion migration in perovskite solar cells journal, January 2017

Modulations of various alkali metal cations on organometal halide perovskites and their influence on photovoltaic performance journal, March 2018

Passivating Crystal Boundaries with Potassium‐Rich Phase in Organic Halide Perovskite journal, March 2019

Potassium- and Rubidium-Passivated Alloyed Perovskite Films: Optoelectronic Properties and Moisture Stability journal, September 2018

Improving Two-Step Prepared CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells by Co-Doping Potassium Halide and Water in PbI2 Layer journal, April 2019

Additive engineering induced perovskite crystal growth for high performance perovskite solar cells journal, December 2018

Phase Segregation in Cs-, Rb- and K-Doped Mixed-Cation (MA) x (FA) 1– x PbI 3 Hybrid Perovskites from Solid-State NMR journal, September 2017

Interstitial Occupancy by Extrinsic Alkali Cations in Perovskites and Its Impact on Ion Migration journal, May 2018

Universal Approach toward Hysteresis-Free Perovskite Solar Cell via Defect Engineering journal, January 2018

A novel quadruple-cation absorber for universal hysteresis elimination for high efficiency and stable perovskite solar cells journal, January 2017

Hysteresis-free perovskite solar cells made of potassium-doped organometal halide perovskite journal, September 2017

Improved carriers injection capacity in perovskite solar cells by introducing A-site interstitial defects journal, January 2017

Fabrication and evaluation of K-doped MA0.8FA0.1K0.1PbI3(Cl) perovskite solar cells journal, September 2019

Hindered Formation of Photoinactive δ-FAPbI 3 Phase and Hysteresis-Free Mixed-Cation Planar Heterojunction Perovskite Solar Cells with Enhanced Efficiency via Potassium Incorporation journal, April 2018

Impact of Monovalent Cation Halide Additives on the Structural and Optoelectronic Properties of CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 Perovskite journal, March 2016

Cation and anion immobilization through chemical bonding enhancement with fluorides for stable halide perovskite solar cells journal, May 2019

A Eu 3+ -Eu 2+ ion redox shuttle imparts operational durability to Pb-I perovskite solar cells journal, January 2019

Incorporation of rubidium cations into perovskite solar cells improves photovoltaic performance journal, September 2016

Dedoping of Lead Halide Perovskites Incorporating Monovalent Cations journal, June 2018

High-Efficiency Rubidium-Incorporated Perovskite Solar Cells by Gas Quenching journal, January 2017

Homogenized halides and alkali cation segregation in alloyed organic-inorganic perovskites journal, February 2019

Microstructures, optical and photovoltaic properties of CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3(1− x ) Cl x perovskite films with CuSCN additive journal, May 2018

Additive Selection Strategy for High Performance Perovskite Photovoltaics journal, December 2017

Perovskite Thin Film Materials Stabilized and Enhanced by Zinc(II) Doping journal, April 2019

Efficient planar perovskite solar cells using halide Sr-substituted Pb perovskite journal, June 2017

Goldschmidt-rule-deviated perovskite CsPbIBr2by barium substitution for efficient solar cells journal, July 2019

CH3NH3PbX3, ein Pb(II)-System mit kubischer Perowskitstruktur / CH3NH3PbX3, a Pb(II)-System with Cubic Perovskite Structure
journal, December 1978

Das Perowskitsystem CH3NH3 [Pb,Sn1-nX3] (X = Cl, Br, I) / The Perovskite System CH3NH3[PbnSn1-nX3] ( X = C1, Br, I)
journal, July 1979

Conducting tin halides with a layered organic-based perovskite structure
journal, June 1994

Conducting Layered Organic-inorganic Halides Containing <110>-Oriented Perovskite Sheets
journal, March 1995

Organometal Halide Perovskites as Visible-Light Sensitizers for Photovoltaic Cells
journal, May 2009

Lead Iodide Perovskite Sensitized All-Solid-State Submicron Thin Film Mesoscopic Solar Cell with Efficiency Exceeding 9%
journal, August 2012

Efficient Hybrid Solar Cells Based on Meso-Superstructured Organometal Halide Perovskites
journal, October 2012

Carrier lifetimes of >1 μs in Sn-Pb perovskites enable efficient all-perovskite tandem solar cells
journal, April 2019

Polymer-templated nucleation and crystal growth of perovskite films for solar cells with efficiency greater than 21%
journal, September 2016

Surface passivation of perovskite film for efficient solar cells
journal, April 2019

A fluorene-terminated hole-transporting material for highly efficient and stable perovskite solar cells
journal, July 2018

Iodide management in formamidinium-lead-halide–based perovskite layers for efficient solar cells
journal, June 2017

Colloidally prepared La-doped BaSnO ₃ electrodes for efficient, photostable perovskite solar cells
journal, March 2017

High-performance photovoltaic perovskite layers fabricated through intramolecular exchange
journal, May 2015

Compositional engineering of perovskite materials for high-performance solar cells
journal, January 2015

Sequential deposition as a route to high-performance perovskite-sensitized solar cells
journal, July 2013

A hole-conductor-free, fully printable mesoscopic perovskite solar cell with high stability
journal, July 2014

Self-Seeding Growth for Perovskite Solar Cells with Enhanced Stability
journal, June 2019

Efficient and stable large-area perovskite solar cells with inorganic charge extraction layers
journal, October 2015

Maximizing and stabilizing luminescence from halide perovskites with potassium passivation
journal, March 2018

Highly Reproducible Perovskite Solar Cells with Average Efficiency of 18.3% and Best Efficiency of 19.7% Fabricated via Lewis Base Adduct of Lead(II) Iodide
journal, July 2015

Efficient, stable and scalable perovskite solar cells using poly(3-hexylthiophene)
journal, March 2019

Stabilizing halide perovskite surfaces for solar cell operation with wide-bandgap lead oxysalts
journal, August 2019

A vacuum flash–assisted solution process for high-efficiency large-area perovskite solar cells
journal, June 2016

Elucidating the long-range charge carrier mobility in metal halide perovskite thin films
journal, January 2019

Charge-Carrier Mobilities in Metal Halide Perovskites: Fundamental Mechanisms and Limits
journal, June 2017

Electron-hole diffusion lengths > 175 μm in solution-grown CH ₃ NH ₃ PbI ₃ single crystals
journal, January 2015

Halide Perovskite Photovoltaics: Background, Status, and Future Prospects
journal, March 2019

Indirect to direct bandgap transition in methylammonium lead halide perovskite
journal, January 2017

Efficient luminescent solar cells based on tailored mixed-cation perovskites
journal, January 2016

Scalable fabrication of perovskite solar cells
journal, March 2018

Challenges for commercializing perovskite solar cells
journal, September 2018

Cost Analysis of Perovskite Tandem Photovoltaics
journal, August 2018

A Review of Perovskites Solar Cell Stability
journal, February 2019

Unusual defect physics in CH ₃ NH ₃ PbI ₃ perovskite solar cell absorber
journal, February 2014

Defects in metal triiodide perovskite materials towards high-performance solar cells: origin, impact, characterization, and engineering
journal, January 2018

Ionic transport in hybrid lead iodide perovskite solar cells
journal, June 2015

Self-Regulation Mechanism for Charged Point Defects in Hybrid Halide Perovskites
journal, December 2014

Theoretical Treatment of CH ₃ NH ₃ PbI ₃ Perovskite Solar Cells
journal, October 2017

Halide perovskite materials for solar cells: a theoretical review
journal, January 2015

Unravelling the Effects of Grain Boundary and Chemical Doping on Electron–Hole Recombination in CH ₃ NH ₃ PbI ₃ Perovskite by Time-Domain Atomistic Simulation
journal, March 2016

Recombination in Perovskite Solar Cells: Significance of Grain Boundaries, Interface Traps, and Defect Ions
journal, April 2017

Imperfections and their passivation in halide perovskite solar cells
journal, January 2019

Lewis Acid–Base Adduct Approach for High Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells
journal, January 2016

Ultrasmooth organic–inorganic perovskite thin-film formation and crystallization for efficient planar heterojunction solar cells
journal, January 2015

Controllable Self-Induced Passivation of Hybrid Lead Iodide Perovskites toward High Performance Solar Cells
journal, June 2014

Beneficial Effects of PbI ₂ Incorporated in Organo-Lead Halide Perovskite Solar Cells
journal, December 2015

Unreacted PbI ₂ as a Double-Edged Sword for Enhancing the Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells
journal, August 2016

Exploration of the compositional space for mixed lead halogen perovskites for high efficiency solar cells
journal, January 2016

Employing Lead Thiocyanate Additive to Reduce the Hysteresis and Boost the Fill Factor of Planar Perovskite Solar Cells
journal, May 2016

Spontaneous Passivation of Hybrid Perovskite by Sodium Ions from Glass Substrates: Mysterious Enhancement of Device Efficiency Revealed
journal, May 2017

Extrinsic ion migration in perovskite solar cells
journal, January 2017

Modulations of various alkali metal cations on organometal halide perovskites and their influence on photovoltaic performance
journal, March 2018

Passivating Crystal Boundaries with Potassium‐Rich Phase in Organic Halide Perovskite
journal, March 2019

Potassium- and Rubidium-Passivated Alloyed Perovskite Films: Optoelectronic Properties and Moisture Stability
journal, September 2018

Improving Two-Step Prepared CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells by Co-Doping Potassium Halide and Water in PbI2 Layer
journal, April 2019

Additive engineering induced perovskite crystal growth for high performance perovskite solar cells
journal, December 2018

Phase Segregation in Cs-, Rb- and K-Doped Mixed-Cation (MA) _x (FA) _{1– x} PbI ₃ Hybrid Perovskites from Solid-State NMR
journal, September 2017

Interstitial Occupancy by Extrinsic Alkali Cations in Perovskites and Its Impact on Ion Migration
journal, May 2018

Universal Approach toward Hysteresis-Free Perovskite Solar Cell via Defect Engineering
journal, January 2018

A novel quadruple-cation absorber for universal hysteresis elimination for high efficiency and stable perovskite solar cells
journal, January 2017

Hysteresis-free perovskite solar cells made of potassium-doped organometal halide perovskite
journal, September 2017

Improved carriers injection capacity in perovskite solar cells by introducing A-site interstitial defects
journal, January 2017

Fabrication and evaluation of K-doped MA0.8FA0.1K0.1PbI3(Cl) perovskite solar cells
journal, September 2019

Hindered Formation of Photoinactive δ-FAPbI ₃ Phase and Hysteresis-Free Mixed-Cation Planar Heterojunction Perovskite Solar Cells with Enhanced Efficiency via Potassium Incorporation
journal, April 2018

Impact of Monovalent Cation Halide Additives on the Structural and Optoelectronic Properties of CH ₃ NH ₃ PbI ₃ Perovskite
journal, March 2016

Cation and anion immobilization through chemical bonding enhancement with fluorides for stable halide perovskite solar cells
journal, May 2019

A Eu ³⁺ -Eu ²⁺ ion redox shuttle imparts operational durability to Pb-I perovskite solar cells
journal, January 2019

Incorporation of rubidium cations into perovskite solar cells improves photovoltaic performance
journal, September 2016

Dedoping of Lead Halide Perovskites Incorporating Monovalent Cations
journal, June 2018

High-Efficiency Rubidium-Incorporated Perovskite Solar Cells by Gas Quenching
journal, January 2017

Homogenized halides and alkali cation segregation in alloyed organic-inorganic perovskites
journal, February 2019

Microstructures, optical and photovoltaic properties of CH ₃ NH ₃ PbI _{3(1− x )} Cl _x perovskite films with CuSCN additive
journal, May 2018

Additive Selection Strategy for High Performance Perovskite Photovoltaics
journal, December 2017

Perovskite Thin Film Materials Stabilized and Enhanced by Zinc(II) Doping
journal, April 2019

Efficient planar perovskite solar cells using halide Sr-substituted Pb perovskite
journal, June 2017

Goldschmidt-rule-deviated perovskite CsPbIBr2by barium substitution for efficient solar cells
journal, July 2019

High Tolerance to Iron Contamination in Lead Halide Perovskite Solar Cells
journal, July 2017

Tailored Phase Transformation of CsPbI ₂ Br Films by Copper(II) Bromide for High-Performance All-Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells
journal, July 2019

A Breakthrough Efficiency of 19.9% Obtained in Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells by Using an Efficient Trap State Passivator Cu(thiourea)I
journal, May 2017