Sensitivity to Glacial Forcing in the CCSM4
Abstract
Findings are introduced from the Community Climate System Model, version 4 (CCSM4), simulation of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) at the standard 1° resolution, the same resolution as the majority of the CCSM4 CMIP5 long-term simulations for the historical and future projection scenarios. The forcings and boundary conditions for this simulation follow the protocols of the Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project, version 3 (PMIP3). Two additional CCSM4 CO2 sensitivity simulations, in which the concentrations are abruptly changed at the start of the simulation to the low 185 ppm LGM concentrations (LGMCO2) and to a quadrupling of the preindustrial concentration (4×CO2), are also analyzed. For the full LGM simulation, the estimated equilibrium cooling of the global mean annual surface temperature is 5.5°C with an estimated radiative forcing of -6.2 W m-2. The radiative forcing includes the effects of the reduced LGM greenhouse gases, ice sheets, continental distribution with sea level lowered by approximately 120 m from the present, and orbital parameters, but not changes to atmospheric aerosols or vegetation biogeography. The LGM simulation has an equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) of 3.1(±0.3)°C, comparable to the CCSM4 4×CO2 result. The LGMCO2 simulation shows amore »
- Authors:
-
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility (OLCF)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER); National Science Foundation (NSF)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1565085
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC05-00OR22725
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Journal of Climate
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 26; Journal Issue: 6; Journal ID: ISSN 0894-8755
- Publisher:
- American Meteorological Society
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES; Climate models
Citation Formats
Brady, Esther C., Otto-Bliesner, Bette L., Kay, Jennifer E., and Rosenbloom, Nan. Sensitivity to Glacial Forcing in the CCSM4. United States: N. p., 2013.
Web. doi:10.1175/jcli-d-11-00416.1.
Brady, Esther C., Otto-Bliesner, Bette L., Kay, Jennifer E., & Rosenbloom, Nan. Sensitivity to Glacial Forcing in the CCSM4. United States. https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-11-00416.1
Brady, Esther C., Otto-Bliesner, Bette L., Kay, Jennifer E., and Rosenbloom, Nan. Fri .
"Sensitivity to Glacial Forcing in the CCSM4". United States. https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-11-00416.1. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1565085.
@article{osti_1565085,
title = {Sensitivity to Glacial Forcing in the CCSM4},
author = {Brady, Esther C. and Otto-Bliesner, Bette L. and Kay, Jennifer E. and Rosenbloom, Nan},
abstractNote = {Findings are introduced from the Community Climate System Model, version 4 (CCSM4), simulation of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) at the standard 1° resolution, the same resolution as the majority of the CCSM4 CMIP5 long-term simulations for the historical and future projection scenarios. The forcings and boundary conditions for this simulation follow the protocols of the Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project, version 3 (PMIP3). Two additional CCSM4 CO2 sensitivity simulations, in which the concentrations are abruptly changed at the start of the simulation to the low 185 ppm LGM concentrations (LGMCO2) and to a quadrupling of the preindustrial concentration (4×CO2), are also analyzed. For the full LGM simulation, the estimated equilibrium cooling of the global mean annual surface temperature is 5.5°C with an estimated radiative forcing of -6.2 W m-2. The radiative forcing includes the effects of the reduced LGM greenhouse gases, ice sheets, continental distribution with sea level lowered by approximately 120 m from the present, and orbital parameters, but not changes to atmospheric aerosols or vegetation biogeography. The LGM simulation has an equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) of 3.1(±0.3)°C, comparable to the CCSM4 4×CO2 result. The LGMCO2 simulation shows a greater ECS of 4.2°C. Other responses found at the LGM in CCSM4 include a global precipitation rate decrease at a rate of ~2% °C-1, similar to climate change simulations in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report (IPCC AR4); a strengthening of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) with a shoaling of North Atlantic Deep Water and a filling of the deep basin up to sill depth with Antarctic Bottom Water; and an enhanced seasonal cycle accompanied by reduced ENSO variability in the eastern Pacific Ocean’s SSTs.},
doi = {10.1175/jcli-d-11-00416.1},
journal = {Journal of Climate},
number = 6,
volume = 26,
place = {United States},
year = {Fri Mar 22 00:00:00 EDT 2013},
month = {Fri Mar 22 00:00:00 EDT 2013}
}
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The effect of greenhouse gas concentrations and ice sheets on the glacial AMOC in a coupled climate model
posted_content, April 2016
- Klockmann, Marlene; Mikolajewicz, Uwe; Marotzke, Jochem
- Climate of the Past Discussions
The PMIP4 contribution to CMIP6 – Part 3: The last millennium, scientific objective, and experimental design for the PMIP4 past1000 simulations
text, January 2017
- Phipps, Steven J.; Cao, Jian; Timmreck, Claudia
- Copernicus Publications