Volcanoes Erupt Stressed Quartz Crystals
Abstract
Volcanic eruptions are energetic events driven by the imbalance of magmatic forces. The magnitudes of these forces remain poorly constrained because they operate in regions that are inaccessible, either underground or dangerous to approach. New techniques are needed to quantify the processes that drive eruptions and to probe magma storage conditions. Here we present X-ray microdiffraction measurements of volcanic stress imparted as lattice distortions to the crystal cargo of magma from Yellowstone and Long Valley eruptions. Elevated residual stresses between 100 and 300 MPa are preserved in erupted quartz. Multiple volcanic forces could be culpable for the deformation so we analyzed crystals from pyroclastic falls, pyroclastic density currents, and effusive lavas. In conclusion, stresses are preserved in all quartz but cannot be attributed to differences in eruption style. Instead, lattice deformation likely preserves an in situ measurement of the deviatoric stresses required for the brittle failure of viscous, crystal-bearing glass during ascent.
- Authors:
-
[1];
[2];
[3];
[3]
- Baylor Univ., Waco, TX (United States)
- Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
- Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1564066
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC02-05CH11231
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Geophysical Research Letters
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 46; Journal Issue: 15; Journal ID: ISSN 0094-8276
- Publisher:
- American Geophysical Union
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 58 GEOSCIENCES; Yellowstone; force chain; synchrotron; diffraction; supereruption; fragmentation
Citation Formats
Befus, Kenneth S., Manga, M., Stan, C., and Tamura, N. Volcanoes Erupt Stressed Quartz Crystals. United States: N. p., 2019.
Web. doi:10.1029/2019gl083619.
Befus, Kenneth S., Manga, M., Stan, C., & Tamura, N. Volcanoes Erupt Stressed Quartz Crystals. United States. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019gl083619
Befus, Kenneth S., Manga, M., Stan, C., and Tamura, N. Mon .
"Volcanoes Erupt Stressed Quartz Crystals". United States. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019gl083619. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1564066.
@article{osti_1564066,
title = {Volcanoes Erupt Stressed Quartz Crystals},
author = {Befus, Kenneth S. and Manga, M. and Stan, C. and Tamura, N.},
abstractNote = {Volcanic eruptions are energetic events driven by the imbalance of magmatic forces. The magnitudes of these forces remain poorly constrained because they operate in regions that are inaccessible, either underground or dangerous to approach. New techniques are needed to quantify the processes that drive eruptions and to probe magma storage conditions. Here we present X-ray microdiffraction measurements of volcanic stress imparted as lattice distortions to the crystal cargo of magma from Yellowstone and Long Valley eruptions. Elevated residual stresses between 100 and 300 MPa are preserved in erupted quartz. Multiple volcanic forces could be culpable for the deformation so we analyzed crystals from pyroclastic falls, pyroclastic density currents, and effusive lavas. In conclusion, stresses are preserved in all quartz but cannot be attributed to differences in eruption style. Instead, lattice deformation likely preserves an in situ measurement of the deviatoric stresses required for the brittle failure of viscous, crystal-bearing glass during ascent.},
doi = {10.1029/2019gl083619},
journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
number = 15,
volume = 46,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Jul 22 00:00:00 EDT 2019},
month = {Mon Jul 22 00:00:00 EDT 2019}
}
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Figures / Tables:
Figure 1: Laue μXRD patterns for (a) an undeformed quartz standard, (b) less deformed, and (c) more deformed domains of a single quartz crystal from the Tuff of Bluff Point, Yellowstone caldera. The positions of the spots reflect lattice spacing and crystal symmetry, which is why Figure 1a has differentmore »
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