Lithium nitrate: A double-edged sword in the rechargeable lithium-sulfur cell

Ye, Yifan; Song, Min-Kyu; Xu, Yan; Nie, Kaiqi; Liu, Yi-sheng; Feng, Jun; Sun, Xuhui; Cairns, Elton J.; Zhang, Yuegang; Guo, Jinghua

doi:10.1016/j.ensm.2018.09.022

Title: Lithium nitrate: A double-edged sword in the rechargeable lithium-sulfur cell

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Abstract

Lithium nitrate (LiNO₃) has been the most studied electrolyte additive in lithium-sulfur (Li-S) cells, due to its known function of suppressing the shuttle effect in Li-S cells, which provides a significant increase in the cell's coulombic efficiency and cycling stability. Previous studies indicated that LiNO₃ participated in the formation of a passive layer on the lithium electrode and thus suppressed the redox shuttle of the dissolved polysulfides. However, the effects of the LiNO₃ on the positive electrode materials have rarely been investigated. By combining scanning electron microscopy, element-selective X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and electrochemical characterizations, we performed a comprehensive study of how the LiNO₃ altered the properties of the sulfur electrode/electrolyte interface in Li-S cells and thus influenced the cell performance. We found that LiNO₃ is a double-edged sword in the Li-S cell: on one hand, it increased the consumption of the active sulfur; on the other hand, it promoted the survival of the carbon matrix constituent in the sulfur electrode. These two competitive effects indicated that a proper moderate concentration of LiNO₃ is required to achieve an optimized cell performance.

Authors:

Ye, Yifan ^[1]; Song, Min-Kyu ^[2]; Xu, Yan ^[3]; Nie, Kaiqi ^[4]; Liu, Yi-sheng ^[5]; Feng, Jun ^[5]; Sun, Xuhui ^[4]; Cairns, Elton J. ^[6]; Zhang, Yuegang ^[7]; Guo, Jinghua ^[8]

Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Advanced Light Source (ALS); Tsinghua Univ., Beijing (China). Dept. of Physics
Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA (United States). School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering
Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing (China). i-lab, Suzhou Inst. of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics
Soochow Univ., Suzhou (China). Jiangsu Key Lab. for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Inst. of Functional Materials and Devices (FUNSOM)
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Advanced Light Source (ALS)
Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States). Dept. of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Energy Storage and Distribution Div.
Tsinghua Univ., Beijing (China). Dept. of Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing (China). i-lab, Suzhou Inst. of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Advanced Light Source (ALS); Univ. of California, Santa Cruz, CA (United States). Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry

Publication Date:: Mon Oct 01 00:00:00 EDT 2018

Research Org.:: Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

OSTI Identifier:: 1559787

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1637205

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Energy Storage Materials

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 16; Journal Issue: C; Journal ID: ISSN 2405-8297

Publisher:: Elsevier

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 25 ENERGY STORAGE

Citation Formats


                    Ye, Yifan, Song, Min-Kyu, Xu, Yan, Nie, Kaiqi, Liu, Yi-sheng, Feng, Jun, Sun, Xuhui, Cairns, Elton J., Zhang, Yuegang, and Guo, Jinghua. Lithium nitrate: A double-edged sword in the rechargeable lithium-sulfur cell.  United States: N. p., 2018. 
Web.  doi:10.1016/j.ensm.2018.09.022.

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                    Ye, Yifan, Song, Min-Kyu, Xu, Yan, Nie, Kaiqi, Liu, Yi-sheng, Feng, Jun, Sun, Xuhui, Cairns, Elton J., Zhang, Yuegang, & Guo, Jinghua. Lithium nitrate: A double-edged sword in the rechargeable lithium-sulfur cell.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ensm.2018.09.022

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                    Ye, Yifan, Song, Min-Kyu, Xu, Yan, Nie, Kaiqi, Liu, Yi-sheng, Feng, Jun, Sun, Xuhui, Cairns, Elton J., Zhang, Yuegang, and Guo, Jinghua. Mon .  
"Lithium nitrate: A double-edged sword in the rechargeable lithium-sulfur cell".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ensm.2018.09.022.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1559787.

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@article{osti_1559787,

  title        = {Lithium nitrate: A double-edged sword in the rechargeable lithium-sulfur cell},

  author       = {Ye, Yifan and Song, Min-Kyu and Xu, Yan and Nie, Kaiqi and Liu, Yi-sheng and Feng, Jun and Sun, Xuhui and Cairns, Elton J. and Zhang, Yuegang and Guo, Jinghua},

  abstractNote = {Lithium nitrate (LiNO3) has been the most studied electrolyte additive in lithium-sulfur (Li-S) cells, due to its known function of suppressing the shuttle effect in Li-S cells, which provides a significant increase in the cell's coulombic efficiency and cycling stability. Previous studies indicated that LiNO3 participated in the formation of a passive layer on the lithium electrode and thus suppressed the redox shuttle of the dissolved polysulfides. However, the effects of the LiNO3 on the positive electrode materials have rarely been investigated. By combining scanning electron microscopy, element-selective X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and electrochemical characterizations, we performed a comprehensive study of how the LiNO3 altered the properties of the sulfur electrode/electrolyte interface in Li-S cells and thus influenced the cell performance. We found that LiNO3 is a double-edged sword in the Li-S cell: on one hand, it increased the consumption of the active sulfur; on the other hand, it promoted the survival of the carbon matrix constituent in the sulfur electrode. These two competitive effects indicated that a proper moderate concentration of LiNO3 is required to achieve an optimized cell performance.},

  doi          = {10.1016/j.ensm.2018.09.022},

  journal      = {Energy Storage Materials},

  number       = C,

  volume       = 16,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Mon Oct 01 00:00:00 EDT 2018},

  month        = {Mon Oct 01 00:00:00 EDT 2018}

}

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