Exploiting regulatory heterogeneity to systematically identify enhancers with high accuracy
Abstract
Identifying functional enhancer elements in metazoan systems is a major challenge. Large-scale validation of enhancers predicted by ENCODE reveal false-positive rates of at least 70%. We used the pregrastrula-patterning network of Drosophila melanogaster to demonstrate that loss in accuracy in held-out data results from heterogeneity of functional signatures in enhancer elements. We show that at least two classes of enhancers are active during early Drosophila embryogenesis and that by focusing on a single, relatively homogeneous class of elements, greater than 98% prediction accuracy can be achieved in a balanced, completely held-out test set. The class of well-predicted elements is composed predominantly of enhancers driving multistage segmentation patterns, which we designate segmentation driving enhancers (SDE). Prediction is driven by the DNA occupancy of early developmental transcription factors, with almost no additional power derived from histone modifications. We further show that improved accuracy is not a property of a particular prediction method: after conditioning on the SDE set, naïve Bayes and logistic regression perform as well as more sophisticated tools. Applying this method to a genome-wide scan, we predict 1,640 SDEs that cover 1.6% of the genome. An analysis of 32 SDEs using whole-mount embryonic imaging of stably integrated reporter constructs chosenmore »
- Authors:
-
[4];
- Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
- Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States); Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY (United States)
- Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
- Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
- Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States); Univ. of Birmingham (United Kingdom)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1559177
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC02-05CH11231
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 116; Journal Issue: 3; Journal ID: ISSN 0027-8424
- Publisher:
- National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC (United States)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES; 54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES; enhancers; embryo development; machine learning; random forest; Drosophila
Citation Formats
Arbel, Hamutal, Basu, Sumanta, Fisher, William W., Hammonds, Ann S., Wan, Kenneth H., Park, Soo, Weiszmann, Richard, Booth, Benjamin W., Keranen, Soile V., Henriquez, Clara, Shams Solari, Omid, Bickel, Peter J., Biggin, Mark D., Celniker, Susan E., and Brown, James B. Exploiting regulatory heterogeneity to systematically identify enhancers with high accuracy. United States: N. p., 2018.
Web. doi:10.1073/pnas.1808833115.
Arbel, Hamutal, Basu, Sumanta, Fisher, William W., Hammonds, Ann S., Wan, Kenneth H., Park, Soo, Weiszmann, Richard, Booth, Benjamin W., Keranen, Soile V., Henriquez, Clara, Shams Solari, Omid, Bickel, Peter J., Biggin, Mark D., Celniker, Susan E., & Brown, James B. Exploiting regulatory heterogeneity to systematically identify enhancers with high accuracy. United States. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1808833115
Arbel, Hamutal, Basu, Sumanta, Fisher, William W., Hammonds, Ann S., Wan, Kenneth H., Park, Soo, Weiszmann, Richard, Booth, Benjamin W., Keranen, Soile V., Henriquez, Clara, Shams Solari, Omid, Bickel, Peter J., Biggin, Mark D., Celniker, Susan E., and Brown, James B. Mon .
"Exploiting regulatory heterogeneity to systematically identify enhancers with high accuracy". United States. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1808833115. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1559177.
@article{osti_1559177,
title = {Exploiting regulatory heterogeneity to systematically identify enhancers with high accuracy},
author = {Arbel, Hamutal and Basu, Sumanta and Fisher, William W. and Hammonds, Ann S. and Wan, Kenneth H. and Park, Soo and Weiszmann, Richard and Booth, Benjamin W. and Keranen, Soile V. and Henriquez, Clara and Shams Solari, Omid and Bickel, Peter J. and Biggin, Mark D. and Celniker, Susan E. and Brown, James B.},
abstractNote = {Identifying functional enhancer elements in metazoan systems is a major challenge. Large-scale validation of enhancers predicted by ENCODE reveal false-positive rates of at least 70%. We used the pregrastrula-patterning network of Drosophila melanogaster to demonstrate that loss in accuracy in held-out data results from heterogeneity of functional signatures in enhancer elements. We show that at least two classes of enhancers are active during early Drosophila embryogenesis and that by focusing on a single, relatively homogeneous class of elements, greater than 98% prediction accuracy can be achieved in a balanced, completely held-out test set. The class of well-predicted elements is composed predominantly of enhancers driving multistage segmentation patterns, which we designate segmentation driving enhancers (SDE). Prediction is driven by the DNA occupancy of early developmental transcription factors, with almost no additional power derived from histone modifications. We further show that improved accuracy is not a property of a particular prediction method: after conditioning on the SDE set, naïve Bayes and logistic regression perform as well as more sophisticated tools. Applying this method to a genome-wide scan, we predict 1,640 SDEs that cover 1.6% of the genome. An analysis of 32 SDEs using whole-mount embryonic imaging of stably integrated reporter constructs chosen throughout our prediction rank-list showed >90% drove expression patterns. We achieved 86.7% precision on a genome-wide scan, with an estimated recall of at least 98%, indicating high accuracy and completeness in annotating this class of functional elements.},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.1808833115},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
number = 3,
volume = 116,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Nov 05 00:00:00 EST 2018},
month = {Mon Nov 05 00:00:00 EST 2018}
}
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