Non-linear plasma wake growth of electron holes

Hutchinson, I. H.; Haakonsen, C. B.; Zhou, C.

doi:10.1063/1.4915526

Title: Non-linear plasma wake growth of electron holes

Abstract

We report that an object's wake in a plasma with small Debye length that drifts across the magnetic field is subject to electrostatic electron instabilities. Such situations include, for example, the moon in the solar wind and probes in magnetized laboratory plasmas. The instability drive mechanism can equivalently be considered drift down the potential-energy gradient or drift up the density-gradient. The gradients arise because the plasma wake has a region of depressed density and electrostatic potential into which ions are attracted along the field. The non-linear consequences of the instability are analysed in this paper. At physical ratios of electron to ion mass, neither linear nor quasilinear treatment can explain the observation of large-amplitude perturbations that disrupt the ion streams well before they become ion-ion unstable. Here we show, however, that electron holes, once formed, continue to grow, driven by the drift mechanism, and if they remain in the wake may reach a maximum non-linearly stable size, beyond which their uncontrolled growth disrupts the ions. The hole growth calculations provide a quantitative prediction of hole profile and size evolution. Hole growth appears to explain the observations of recent particle-in-cell simulations.

Authors:

Hutchinson, I. H. ^[1];

^[1]; Zhou, C. ^[1]

Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)

Publication Date:: Wed Mar 25 00:00:00 EDT 2015

Research Org.:: Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Fusion Energy Sciences (FES)

OSTI Identifier:: 1546884

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1228575

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0010491

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Physics of Plasmas

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 22; Journal Issue: 3; Journal ID: ISSN 1070-664X

Publisher:: American Institute of Physics (AIP)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY

Citation Formats


                    Hutchinson, I. H., Haakonsen, C. B., and Zhou, C. Non-linear plasma wake growth of electron holes.  United States: N. p., 2015. 
Web.  doi:10.1063/1.4915526.

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                    Hutchinson, I. H., Haakonsen, C. B., & Zhou, C. Non-linear plasma wake growth of electron holes.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4915526

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                    Hutchinson, I. H., Haakonsen, C. B., and Zhou, C. Wed .  
"Non-linear plasma wake growth of electron holes".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4915526.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1546884.

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@article{osti_1546884,

  title        = {Non-linear plasma wake growth of electron holes},

  author       = {Hutchinson, I. H. and Haakonsen, C. B. and Zhou, C.},

  abstractNote = {We report that an object's wake in a plasma with small Debye length that drifts across the magnetic field is subject to electrostatic electron instabilities. Such situations include, for example, the moon in the solar wind and probes in magnetized laboratory plasmas. The instability drive mechanism can equivalently be considered drift down the potential-energy gradient or drift up the density-gradient. The gradients arise because the plasma wake has a region of depressed density and electrostatic potential into which ions are attracted along the field. The non-linear consequences of the instability are analysed in this paper. At physical ratios of electron to ion mass, neither linear nor quasilinear treatment can explain the observation of large-amplitude perturbations that disrupt the ion streams well before they become ion-ion unstable. Here we show, however, that electron holes, once formed, continue to grow, driven by the drift mechanism, and if they remain in the wake may reach a maximum non-linearly stable size, beyond which their uncontrolled growth disrupts the ions. The hole growth calculations provide a quantitative prediction of hole profile and size evolution. Hole growth appears to explain the observations of recent particle-in-cell simulations.},

  doi          = {10.1063/1.4915526},

  journal      = {Physics of Plasmas},

  number       = 3,

  volume       = 22,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Wed Mar 25 00:00:00 EDT 2015},

  month        = {Wed Mar 25 00:00:00 EDT 2015}

}

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Works referenced in this record:

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Interaction of the Magnetized Solar Wind with the Moon
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First Results from ARTEMIS, a New Two-Spacecraft Lunar Mission: Counter-Streaming Plasma Populations in the Lunar Wake
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Electron holes, ion holes and double layers
journal, July 1986

Schamel, Hans
Physics Reports, Vol. 140, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1016/0370-1573(86)90043-8

Phase Space Hydrodynamics of Equivalent Nonlinear Systems: Experimental and Computational Observations
journal, January 1970

Berk, H. L.
Physics of Fluids, Vol. 13, Issue 4
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Ionospheric Aerodynamics
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Flowing plasmas and absorbing objects: analytic and numerical solutions culminating 80 years of ion-collection theory
journal, November 2010

Hutchinson, I. H.; Patacchini, L.
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Works referencing / citing this record:

Electron phase-space hole transverse instability at high magnetic field
journal, September 2019

Hutchinson, I. H.
Journal of Plasma Physics, Vol. 85, Issue 5
DOI: 10.1017/s0022377819000564

Prediction and Observation of Electron Instabilities and Phase Space Holes Concentrated in the Lunar Plasma Wake: ARTEMIS LUNAR WAKE
journal, May 2018

Hutchinson, Ian H.; Malaspina, David M.
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Properties of Electron Phase Space Holes in the Lunar Plasma Environment
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Malaspina, David M.; Hutchinson, Ian H.
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Electron holes in phase space: What they are and why they matter
journal, May 2017

Hutchinson, I. H.
Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 24, Issue 5
DOI: 10.1063/1.4976854

Plasma electron-hole kinematics: momentum conservation
preprint, January 2016

Hutchinson, I. H.; Zhou, C. T.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1605.06520

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Title: Non-linear plasma wake growth of electron holes

Abstract

Citation Formats

Electron velocity distribution instability in magnetized plasma wakes and artificial electron mass: ELECTRON INSTABILITY IN PLASMA WAKES journal, March 2012

Oblique ion collection in the drift approximation: How magnetized Mach probes really work journal, December 2008

Electron holes, ion holes and double layers journal, July 1986

Moon-solar wind interactions: First results from the WIND/3DP Experiment journal, May 1996

Theory of phase-space density holes journal, January 1982

A simple simulation of a plasma void: Applications to Wind observations of the lunar wake journal, October 1998

Formation and dynamics of coherent structures involving phase-space vortices in plasmas journal, January 2006

Growing electron holes in drifting plasmas journal, July 1993

Electrons and magnetic fields in the lunar plasma wake journal, January 2005

Kinetic electron and ion instability of the lunar wake simulated at physical mass ratio journal, March 2015

Ionospheric aerodynamics journal, September 1969

Phase-space holes due to electron and ion beams accelerated by a current-driven potential ramp journal, January 2003

Kinetic instabilities in the lunar wake: ARTEMIS observations: KINETIC INSTABILITIES IN THE LUNAR WAKE journal, March 2012

Theory of Electron Holes journal, September 1979

Observations of the lunar plasma wake from the WIND spacecraft on December 27, 1994 journal, May 1996

Observations of plasma waves during a traversal of the Moon's wake journal, May 1996

Non-linear dynamics of a rarefied ionized gas journal, January 1975

Electrostatic instabilities in current-carrying and counterstreaming plasmas journal, January 1964

Flowing plasmas and absorbing objects: analytic and numerical solutions culminating 80 years of ion-collection theory journal, November 2010

Detailed structure and dynamics in particle-in-cell simulations of the lunar wake journal, October 2001

Formation of the lunar wake in quasi-neutral hybrid model journal, January 2005

Interaction of the Magnetized Solar Wind with the Moon journal, January 1968

Exact Nonlinear Plasma Oscillations journal, November 1957

Phase Space Hydrodynamics of Equivalent Nonlinear Systems: Experimental and Computational Observations journal, January 1970

Growth of phase-space density holes journal, January 1983

First Results from ARTEMIS, a New Two-Spacecraft Lunar Mission: Counter-Streaming Plasma Populations in the Lunar Wake journal, January 2011

First Results from ARTEMIS, a New Two-Spacecraft Lunar Mission: Counter-Streaming Plasma Populations in the Lunar Wake journal, January 2011

Electron holes, ion holes and double layers journal, July 1986

Phase Space Hydrodynamics of Equivalent Nonlinear Systems: Experimental and Computational Observations journal, January 1970

Ionospheric Aerodynamics journal, May 1970

Theory of Electron Holes journal, September 1979

Flowing plasmas and absorbing objects: analytic and numerical solutions culminating 80 years of ion-collection theory journal, November 2010

Electromagnetic full particle simulation of the electric field structure around the moon and the lunar wake journal, June 2008

Kinetic Electron and Ion Instability of the Lunar Wake Simulated at Physical Mass Ratio text, January 2015

Phase-space holes due to electron and ion beams accelerated by a current-driven potential ramp journal, January 2003

Electron phase-space hole transverse instability at high magnetic field journal, September 2019

Prediction and Observation of Electron Instabilities and Phase Space Holes Concentrated in the Lunar Plasma Wake: ARTEMIS LUNAR WAKE journal, May 2018

Properties of Electron Phase Space Holes in the Lunar Plasma Environment journal, July 2019

Electron holes in phase space: What they are and why they matter journal, May 2017

Plasma electron-hole kinematics: momentum conservation preprint, January 2016

Electron velocity distribution instability in magnetized plasma wakes and artificial electron mass: ELECTRON INSTABILITY IN PLASMA WAKES
journal, March 2012

Oblique ion collection in the drift approximation: How magnetized Mach probes really work
journal, December 2008

Electron holes, ion holes and double layers
journal, July 1986

Moon-solar wind interactions: First results from the WIND/3DP Experiment
journal, May 1996

Theory of phase-space density holes
journal, January 1982

A simple simulation of a plasma void: Applications to Wind observations of the lunar wake
journal, October 1998

Formation and dynamics of coherent structures involving phase-space vortices in plasmas
journal, January 2006

Growing electron holes in drifting plasmas
journal, July 1993

Electrons and magnetic fields in the lunar plasma wake
journal, January 2005

Kinetic electron and ion instability of the lunar wake simulated at physical mass ratio
journal, March 2015

Ionospheric aerodynamics
journal, September 1969

Phase-space holes due to electron and ion beams accelerated by a current-driven potential ramp
journal, January 2003

Kinetic instabilities in the lunar wake: ARTEMIS observations: KINETIC INSTABILITIES IN THE LUNAR WAKE
journal, March 2012

Theory of Electron Holes
journal, September 1979

Observations of the lunar plasma wake from the WIND spacecraft on December 27, 1994
journal, May 1996

Observations of plasma waves during a traversal of the Moon's wake
journal, May 1996

Non-linear dynamics of a rarefied ionized gas
journal, January 1975

Electrostatic instabilities in current-carrying and counterstreaming plasmas
journal, January 1964

Flowing plasmas and absorbing objects: analytic and numerical solutions culminating 80 years of ion-collection theory
journal, November 2010

Detailed structure and dynamics in particle-in-cell simulations of the lunar wake
journal, October 2001

Formation of the lunar wake in quasi-neutral hybrid model
journal, January 2005

Interaction of the Magnetized Solar Wind with the Moon
journal, January 1968

Exact Nonlinear Plasma Oscillations
journal, November 1957

Phase Space Hydrodynamics of Equivalent Nonlinear Systems: Experimental and Computational Observations
journal, January 1970

Growth of phase-space density holes
journal, January 1983

First Results from ARTEMIS, a New Two-Spacecraft Lunar Mission: Counter-Streaming Plasma Populations in the Lunar Wake
journal, January 2011

First Results from ARTEMIS, a New Two-Spacecraft Lunar Mission: Counter-Streaming Plasma Populations in the Lunar Wake
journal, January 2011

Electron holes, ion holes and double layers
journal, July 1986

Phase Space Hydrodynamics of Equivalent Nonlinear Systems: Experimental and Computational Observations
journal, January 1970

Ionospheric Aerodynamics
journal, May 1970

Theory of Electron Holes
journal, September 1979

Flowing plasmas and absorbing objects: analytic and numerical solutions culminating 80 years of ion-collection theory
journal, November 2010

Electromagnetic full particle simulation of the electric field structure around the moon and the lunar wake
journal, June 2008

Kinetic Electron and Ion Instability of the Lunar Wake Simulated at Physical Mass Ratio
text, January 2015

Phase-space holes due to electron and ion beams accelerated by a current-driven potential ramp
journal, January 2003

Electron phase-space hole transverse instability at high magnetic field
journal, September 2019

Prediction and Observation of Electron Instabilities and Phase Space Holes Concentrated in the Lunar Plasma Wake: ARTEMIS LUNAR WAKE
journal, May 2018

Properties of Electron Phase Space Holes in the Lunar Plasma Environment
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Electron holes in phase space: What they are and why they matter
journal, May 2017

Plasma electron-hole kinematics: momentum conservation
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