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Title: The Massive and Distant Clusters of WISE Survey. I. Survey Overview and a Catalog of >2000 Galaxy Clusters at z ≃ 1

Abstract

We introduce the Massive and Distant Clusters of WISE Survey (MaDCoWS), a search for galaxy clusters at 0.7 ≲ z ≲ 1.5 based upon data from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) mission. MaDCoWS is the first cluster survey capable of discovering massive clusters at these redshifts over the full extragalactic sky. The search is divided into two regions—the region of the extragalactic sky covered by Pan-STARRS (δ > –30°) and the remainder of the southern extragalactic sky at δ < –30° for which shallower optical data from the SuperCOSMOS Sky Survey is available. Here, we describe the search algorithm, characterize the sample, and present the first MaDCoWS data release—catalogs of the 2433 highest amplitude detections in the WISE–Pan-STARRS region and the 250 highest amplitude detections in the WISE–SuperCOSMOS region. A total of 1723 of the detections from the WISE–Pan-STARRS sample have also been observed with the Spitzer Space Telescope, providing photometric redshifts and richnesses, and an additional 64 detections within the WISE–SuperCOSMOS region also have photometric redshifts and richnesses. Spectroscopic redshifts for 38 MaDCoWS clusters with IRAC photometry demonstrate that the photometric redshifts have an uncertainty of σ z/(1 + z) ≃ 0.036. Combining the richness measurements with Sunyaev–Zel'dovich observations of MaDCoWS clusters, we also present a preliminary mass–richness relation that can be used to infer the approximate mass distribution of the full sample. The estimated median mass for the WISE–Pan-STARRS catalog is $${M}_{500}={1.6}_{-0.8}^{+0.7}\times {10}^{14}\,{M}_{\odot }$$, with the Sunyaev–Zel'dovich data confirming that we detect clusters with masses up to M 500 ~ 5 × 1014 M ⊙ (M 200 ~ 1015 M ⊙).

Authors:
ORCiD logo [1];  [1]; ORCiD logo [2];  [3];  [4]; ORCiD logo [5];  [2]; ORCiD logo [6]; ORCiD logo [1];  [6]; ORCiD logo [7]; ORCiD logo [3]; ORCiD logo [8]; ORCiD logo [9];  [8]; ORCiD logo [10]; ORCiD logo [11]; ORCiD logo [12]; ORCiD logo [10]; ORCiD logo [3] more »;  [13];  [14]; ORCiD logo [1];  [15]; ORCiD logo [16]; ORCiD logo [17] « less
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, FL (United States)
  2. Univ. of Missouri, Kansas City, MO (United States)
  3. California Inst. of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States)
  4. Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); Univ. of California, Davis, CA (United States)
  5. European Southern Observatory, Garching bei München (Germany)
  6. Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, AZ (United States)
  7. LSST, Tucson, AZ (United States)
  8. Univ. of Chicago, IL (United States)
  9. Univ. of Missouri, Kansas City, MO (United States); Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States)
  10. Univ. of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI (United States)
  11. Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
  12. Academia Sinica, Taipei (Taiwan)
  13. Stanford Univ., CA (United States)
  14. Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)
  15. Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
  16. Univ. of California, Los Angeles, CA (United States)
  17. Univ. of Texas, Austin, TX (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC)
OSTI Identifier:
1545293
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC52-07NA27344
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
The Astrophysical Journal. Supplement Series (Online)
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Name: The Astrophysical Journal. Supplement Series (Online); Journal Volume: 240; Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 1538-4365
Publisher:
American Astronomical Society/IOP
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; galaxies: clusters: general; galaxies: distances and redshifts; galaxies: evolution; surveys

Citation Formats

Gonzalez, Anthony H., Gettings, Daniel P., Brodwin, Mark, Eisenhardt, Peter R. M., Stanford, S. A., Wylezalek, Dominika, Decker, Bandon, Marrone, Daniel P., Moravec, Emily, O’Donnell, Christine, Stalder, Brian, Stern, Daniel, Abdulla, Zubair, Brown, Gillen, Carlstrom, John, Chambers, Kenneth C., Hayden, Brian, Lin, Yen-ting, Magnier, Eugene, Masci, Frank J., Mantz, Adam B., McDonald, Michael, Mo, Wenli, Perlmutter, Saul, Wright, Edward L., and Zeimann, Gregory R. The Massive and Distant Clusters of WISE Survey. I. Survey Overview and a Catalog of >2000 Galaxy Clusters at z ≃ 1. United States: N. p., 2019. Web. doi:10.3847/1538-4365/aafad2.
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Gonzalez, Anthony H., Gettings, Daniel P., Brodwin, Mark, Eisenhardt, Peter R. M., Stanford, S. A., Wylezalek, Dominika, Decker, Bandon, Marrone, Daniel P., Moravec, Emily, O’Donnell, Christine, Stalder, Brian, Stern, Daniel, Abdulla, Zubair, Brown, Gillen, Carlstrom, John, Chambers, Kenneth C., Hayden, Brian, Lin, Yen-ting, Magnier, Eugene, Masci, Frank J., Mantz, Adam B., McDonald, Michael, Mo, Wenli, Perlmutter, Saul, Wright, Edward L., & Zeimann, Gregory R. The Massive and Distant Clusters of WISE Survey. I. Survey Overview and a Catalog of >2000 Galaxy Clusters at z ≃ 1. United States. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/aafad2
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Gonzalez, Anthony H., Gettings, Daniel P., Brodwin, Mark, Eisenhardt, Peter R. M., Stanford, S. A., Wylezalek, Dominika, Decker, Bandon, Marrone, Daniel P., Moravec, Emily, O’Donnell, Christine, Stalder, Brian, Stern, Daniel, Abdulla, Zubair, Brown, Gillen, Carlstrom, John, Chambers, Kenneth C., Hayden, Brian, Lin, Yen-ting, Magnier, Eugene, Masci, Frank J., Mantz, Adam B., McDonald, Michael, Mo, Wenli, Perlmutter, Saul, Wright, Edward L., and Zeimann, Gregory R. Thu . "The Massive and Distant Clusters of WISE Survey. I. Survey Overview and a Catalog of >2000 Galaxy Clusters at z ≃ 1". United States. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/aafad2. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1545293.
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@article{osti_1545293,
title = {The Massive and Distant Clusters of WISE Survey. I. Survey Overview and a Catalog of >2000 Galaxy Clusters at z ≃ 1},
author = {Gonzalez, Anthony H. and Gettings, Daniel P. and Brodwin, Mark and Eisenhardt, Peter R. M. and Stanford, S. A. and Wylezalek, Dominika and Decker, Bandon and Marrone, Daniel P. and Moravec, Emily and O’Donnell, Christine and Stalder, Brian and Stern, Daniel and Abdulla, Zubair and Brown, Gillen and Carlstrom, John and Chambers, Kenneth C. and Hayden, Brian and Lin, Yen-ting and Magnier, Eugene and Masci, Frank J. and Mantz, Adam B. and McDonald, Michael and Mo, Wenli and Perlmutter, Saul and Wright, Edward L. and Zeimann, Gregory R.},
abstractNote = {We introduce the Massive and Distant Clusters of WISE Survey (MaDCoWS), a search for galaxy clusters at 0.7 ≲ z ≲ 1.5 based upon data from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) mission. MaDCoWS is the first cluster survey capable of discovering massive clusters at these redshifts over the full extragalactic sky. The search is divided into two regions—the region of the extragalactic sky covered by Pan-STARRS (δ > –30°) and the remainder of the southern extragalactic sky at δ < –30° for which shallower optical data from the SuperCOSMOS Sky Survey is available. Here, we describe the search algorithm, characterize the sample, and present the first MaDCoWS data release—catalogs of the 2433 highest amplitude detections in the WISE–Pan-STARRS region and the 250 highest amplitude detections in the WISE–SuperCOSMOS region. A total of 1723 of the detections from the WISE–Pan-STARRS sample have also been observed with the Spitzer Space Telescope, providing photometric redshifts and richnesses, and an additional 64 detections within the WISE–SuperCOSMOS region also have photometric redshifts and richnesses. Spectroscopic redshifts for 38 MaDCoWS clusters with IRAC photometry demonstrate that the photometric redshifts have an uncertainty of σ z/(1 + z) ≃ 0.036. Combining the richness measurements with Sunyaev–Zel'dovich observations of MaDCoWS clusters, we also present a preliminary mass–richness relation that can be used to infer the approximate mass distribution of the full sample. The estimated median mass for the WISE–Pan-STARRS catalog is ${M}_{500}={1.6}_{-0.8}^{+0.7}\times {10}^{14}\,{M}_{\odot }$, with the Sunyaev–Zel'dovich data confirming that we detect clusters with masses up to M 500 ~ 5 × 1014 M ⊙ (M 200 ~ 1015 M ⊙).},
doi = {10.3847/1538-4365/aafad2},
journal = {The Astrophysical Journal. Supplement Series (Online)},
number = 2,
volume = 240,
place = {United States},
year = {Thu Feb 07 00:00:00 EST 2019},
month = {Thu Feb 07 00:00:00 EST 2019}
}
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LoCuSS: the near-infrared luminosity and weak-lensing mass scaling relation of galaxy clusters
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HMFcalc: An online tool for calculating dark matter halo mass functions
journal, November 2013

DISCOVERY OF A RICH CLUSTER AT z = 1.63 USING THE REST-FRAME 1.6 μm “STELLAR BUMP SEQUENCE” METHOD
journal, March 2013

SPECTROSCOPIC CONFIRMATION OF TWO MASSIVE RED-SEQUENCE-SELECTED GALAXY CLUSTERS AT z ∼ 1.2 IN THE SpARCS-NORTH CLUSTER SURVEY
journal, June 2009

Galaxy Cluster Mass Reconstruction Project – II. Quantifying scatter and bias using contrasting mock catalogues
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The XMM-LSS survey: the Class 1 cluster sample over the initial 5 deg2 and its cosmological modelling★: The XMM-LSS Class 1 sample over the initial 5 deg2
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The Angular Clustering of Distant Galaxy Clusters
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The SuperCOSMOS all-sky galaxy catalogue
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Planck 2013 results. XX. Cosmology from Sunyaev–Zeldovich cluster counts
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journal, September 2016

Planck 2015 results : XXVII. The second
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The impact of mergers on relaxed X-ray clusters – II. Effects on global X-ray and Sunyaev–Zel'dovich properties and their scaling relations
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eROSITA
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Constraints on the Self‐Interaction Cross Section of Dark Matter from Numerical Simulations of the Merging Galaxy Cluster 1E 0657−56
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Galaxy Clusters Discovered via the Sunyaev-Zel’Dovich Effect in the First 720 Square Degrees of the South pole Telescope Survey
journal, January 2013

Mass–Richness Relations for X-Ray and SZE-selected Clusters at 0.4 < z < 2.0 as Seen by Spitzer at 4.5 μ m
journal, October 2018

The Multiband Imaging Photometer for Spitzer (MIPS)
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redMaPPer II: X-RAY AND SZ PERFORMANCE BENCHMARKS FOR THE SDSS CATALOG
journal, February 2014

redMaPPer – III. A detailed comparison of the Planck 2013 and SDSS DR8 redMaPPer cluster catalogues
journal, April 2015

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Robust Optical Richness Estimation with Reduced Scatter
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The reversal of the SF–density relation in a massive, X-ray-selected galaxy cluster at z = 1.58: results from Herschel
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The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: dynamical masses for 44 SZ-selected galaxy clusters over 755 square degrees
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Assembly of the red Sequence in Infrared-Selected Galaxy Clusters from the irac Shallow Cluster Survey
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IDCS J1426.5+3508: DISCOVERY OF A MASSIVE, INFRARED-SELECTED GALAXY CLUSTER AT z = 1.75
journal, June 2012

THE MASSIVE AND DISTANT CLUSTERS OF WISE SURVEY. II. INITIAL SPECTROSCOPIC CONFIRMATION OF z ∼ 1 GALAXY CLUSTERS SELECTED FROM 10,000 deg 2
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Cosmic Chronometers: Constraining the Equation of State of dark Energy. ii. a Spectroscopic Catalog of red Galaxies in Galaxy Clusters
journal, May 2010

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The Large-Scale bias of dark Matter Halos: Numerical Calibration and Model Tests
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REVERSAL OF FORTUNE: CONFIRMATION OF AN INCREASING STAR FORMATION–DENSITY RELATION IN A CLUSTER AT z = 1.62
journal, July 2010

CHANDRA CLUSTER COSMOLOGY PROJECT III: COSMOLOGICAL PARAMETER CONSTRAINTS
journal, February 2009

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A sample of 1959 massive galaxy clusters at high redshifts
journal, September 2018

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The amplitude of mass fluctuations in the Universe
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A SUNYAEV-ZEL'DOVICH-SELECTED SAMPLE OF THE MOST MASSIVE GALAXY CLUSTERS IN THE 2500 deg 2 SOUTH POLE TELESCOPE SURVEY
journal, August 2011

Über einen größeren Nebelfleck in Cetus
journal, January 1909

The Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer (Wise): Mission Description and Initial On-Orbit Performance
journal, November 2010

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journal, May 2013

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journal, September 2000

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The Influence of Mergers on Scatter and Evolution in Sunyaev–Zel’Dovich Effect Scaling Relations
journal, June 2015

The Fourth us Naval Observatory ccd Astrograph Catalog (Ucac4)
journal, January 2013

Star-formation efficiency and metal enrichment of the intracluster medium in local massive clusters of galaxies
journal, November 2011

On the Masses of Nebulae and of Clusters of Nebulae
journal, July 1937

Planck 2015 results : XI. CMB power spectra, likelihoods, and robustness of parameters
journal, September 2016

The Seventh Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
text, January 2009

  • Abazajian, Kevork N.; Adelman-McCarthy, Jennifer K.; Agüeros, Marcel Andre
  • Columbia University
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The Dark Energy Survey: Data Release 1
text, January 2018

  • Abbott, Tmc; Abdalla, Fb; Allam, S.
  • Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
  • DOI: 10.17863/cam.37745

The formation history of massive cluster galaxies as revealed by CARLA
text, January 2015

Planck 2015 results : VI. LFI mapmaking
journal, September 2016

Star formation efficiency in galaxy clusters
text, January 2008

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text, January 2008

Chandra Cluster Cosmology Project III: Cosmological Parameter Constraints
text, January 2008

The Spitzer Deep, Wide-Field Survey
text, January 2009

The Formation of Massive Cluster Galaxies
text, January 2010

The Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE): Mission Description and Initial On-orbit Performance
text, January 2010

Estimating f_NL and g_NL from Massive High-Redshift Galaxy Clusters
text, January 2010

Optimal Multiwavelength Source Detection: Experience Gained from the WISE Mission
text, January 2011

The Fourth US Naval Observatory CCD Astrograph Catalog (UCAC4)
text, January 2012

Discovery of a Rich Cluster at z = 1.63 using the Rest-Frame 1.6um "Stellar Bump Sequence" Method
text, January 2013

HMFcalc: An Online Tool for Calculating Dark Matter Halo Mass Functions
preprint, January 2013

Cluster Magnification & the Mass-Richness Relation in CFHTLenS
text, January 2013

Cosmology and Astrophysics from Relaxed Galaxy Clusters II: Cosmological Constraints
text, January 2014

LoCuSS: The Near-Infrared Luminosity and Weak-Lensing Mass Scaling Relation of Galaxy Clusters
text, January 2014

Planck 2015 results. XIII. Cosmological parameters
text, January 2015

The Dark Energy Survey: more than dark energy - an overview
text, January 2016

Galaxy evolution in protoclusters
text, January 2017

Optical identifications of high-redshift galaxy clusters from Planck Sunyaev-Zeldovich survey
text, January 2018

Bright Type IIP Supernovae in Low-Metallicity Galaxies
text, January 2018

2MASS Extended Source Catalog: Overview and Algorithms
text, January 2000

Stellar population synthesis at the resolution of 2003
text, January 2003

Batch discovery of nine z~1 clusters using x-ray and K or R,z' images
text, January 2005

A MaxBCG Catalog of 13,823 Galaxy Clusters from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
text, January 2007

Redshift Evolution of Galaxy Cluster Densities
text, January 1996

Reversal of Fortune: Confirmation of an Increasing Star Formation-Density Relation in a Cluster at z = 1.62
text, January 2010

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    The Massive and Distant Clusters of WISE Survey. VII. The Environments and Properties of Radio Galaxies in Clusters at z ∼ 1
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    • Moravec, Emily; Gonzalez, Anthony H.; Stern, Daniel
    • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 888, Issue 2
    • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab5af0
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