Characterizing quantum supremacy in near-term devices

Boixo, Sergio; Isakov, Sergei V.; Smelyanskiy, Vadim N.; Babbush, Ryan; Ding, Nan; Jiang, Zhang; Bremner, Michael J.; Martinis, John M.; Neven, Hartmut

doi:10.1038/s41567-018-0124-x

Title: Characterizing quantum supremacy in near-term devices

Abstract

A critical question for quantum computing in the near future is whether quantum devices without error correction can perform a well-defined computational task beyond the capabilities of supercomputers. Such a demonstration of what is referred to as quantum supremacy requires a reliable evaluation of the resources required to solve tasks with classical approaches. Here, we propose the task of sampling from the output distribution of random quantum circuits as a demonstration of quantum supremacy. We extend previous results in computational complexity to argue that this sampling task must take exponential time in a classical computer. We introduce cross-entropy benchmarking to obtain the experimental fidelity of complex multiqubit dynamics. This can be estimated and extrapolated to give a success metric for a quantum supremacy demonstration. We study the computational cost of relevant classical algorithms and conclude that quantum supremacy can be achieved with circuits in a two-dimensional lattice of 7 × 7 qubits and around 40 clock cycles. This requires an error rate of around 0.5% for two-qubit gates (0.05% for one-qubit gates), and it would demonstrate the basic building blocks for a fault-tolerant quantum computer.

Authors:

^[1]; Isakov, Sergei V. ^[2]; Smelyanskiy, Vadim N. ^[1]; Babbush, Ryan ^[1]; Ding, Nan ^[1]; Jiang, Zhang ^[3];

^[4]; Martinis, John M. ^[5]; Neven, Hartmut ^[1]

Google Inc., Venice, CA (United States)
Google Inc., Zurich (Switzerland)
NASA Ames Research Center (ARC), Moffett Field, Mountain View, CA (United States); SGT Inc., Greenbelt, MD (United States)
Univ. of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW (Australia)
Google Inc., Santa Barbara, CA (United States); Univ. of California, Santa Barbara, CA (United States)

Publication Date:: Mon Apr 23 00:00:00 EDT 2018

Research Org.:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC); Univ. of California, Oakland, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC)

OSTI Identifier:: 1543766

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Nature Physics

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 14; Journal Issue: 6; Journal ID: ISSN 1745-2473

Publisher:: Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSICS; Physics

Citation Formats


                    Boixo, Sergio, Isakov, Sergei V., Smelyanskiy, Vadim N., Babbush, Ryan, Ding, Nan, Jiang, Zhang, Bremner, Michael J., Martinis, John M., and Neven, Hartmut. Characterizing quantum supremacy in near-term devices.  United States: N. p., 2018. 
Web.  doi:10.1038/s41567-018-0124-x.

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                    Boixo, Sergio, Isakov, Sergei V., Smelyanskiy, Vadim N., Babbush, Ryan, Ding, Nan, Jiang, Zhang, Bremner, Michael J., Martinis, John M., & Neven, Hartmut. Characterizing quantum supremacy in near-term devices.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-018-0124-x

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                    Boixo, Sergio, Isakov, Sergei V., Smelyanskiy, Vadim N., Babbush, Ryan, Ding, Nan, Jiang, Zhang, Bremner, Michael J., Martinis, John M., and Neven, Hartmut. Mon .  
"Characterizing quantum supremacy in near-term devices".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-018-0124-x.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1543766.

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@article{osti_1543766,

  title        = {Characterizing quantum supremacy in near-term devices},

  author       = {Boixo, Sergio and Isakov, Sergei V. and Smelyanskiy, Vadim N. and Babbush, Ryan and Ding, Nan and Jiang, Zhang and Bremner, Michael J. and Martinis, John M. and Neven, Hartmut},

  abstractNote = {A critical question for quantum computing in the near future is whether quantum devices without error correction can perform a well-defined computational task beyond the capabilities of supercomputers. Such a demonstration of what is referred to as quantum supremacy requires a reliable evaluation of the resources required to solve tasks with classical approaches. Here, we propose the task of sampling from the output distribution of random quantum circuits as a demonstration of quantum supremacy. We extend previous results in computational complexity to argue that this sampling task must take exponential time in a classical computer. We introduce cross-entropy benchmarking to obtain the experimental fidelity of complex multiqubit dynamics. This can be estimated and extrapolated to give a success metric for a quantum supremacy demonstration. We study the computational cost of relevant classical algorithms and conclude that quantum supremacy can be achieved with circuits in a two-dimensional lattice of 7 × 7 qubits and around 40 clock cycles. This requires an error rate of around 0.5% for two-qubit gates (0.05% for one-qubit gates), and it would demonstrate the basic building blocks for a fault-tolerant quantum computer.},

  doi          = {10.1038/s41567-018-0124-x},

  journal      = {Nature Physics},

  number       = 6,

  volume       = 14,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Mon Apr 23 00:00:00 EDT 2018},

  month        = {Mon Apr 23 00:00:00 EDT 2018}

}

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From estimation of quantum probabilities to simulation of quantum circuits
journal, January 2020

Pashayan, Hakop; Bartlett, Stephen D.; Gross, David
Quantum, Vol. 4
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A Proposal for Evading the Measurement Uncertainty in Classical and Quantum Computing: Application to a Resonant Tunneling Diode and a Mach-Zehnder Interferometer
journal, June 2019

Pandey, Devashish; Bellentani, Laura; Villani, Matteo
Applied Sciences, Vol. 9, Issue 11
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Scaling reconfigurable emulation of quantum algorithms at high precision and high throughput
journal, June 2019

Mahmud, Naveed; El‐Araby, Esam; Caliga, David
Quantum Engineering, Vol. 1, Issue 2
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Quantum Computers as Universal Quantum Simulators: State‐of‐the‐Art and Perspectives
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Tacchino, Francesco; Chiesa, Alessandro; Carretta, Stefano
Advanced Quantum Technologies, Vol. 3, Issue 3
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A flexible high-performance simulator for verifying and benchmarking quantum circuits implemented on real hardware
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Villalonga, Benjamin; Boixo, Sergio; Nelson, Bron
npj Quantum Information, Vol. 5, Issue 1
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Quantum computational supremacy in the sampling of bosonic random walkers on a one-dimensional lattice
journal, May 2019

Muraleedharan, Gopikrishnan; Miyake, Akimasa; Deutsch, Ivan H.
New Journal of Physics, Vol. 21, Issue 5
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Predicting quantum advantage by quantum walk with convolutional neural networks
journal, December 2019

Melnikov, Alexey A.; Fedichkin, Leonid E.; Alodjants, Alexander
New Journal of Physics, Vol. 21, Issue 12
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Simulation of quantum circuits by low-rank stabilizer decompositions
journal, September 2019

Bravyi, Sergey; Browne, Dan; Calpin, Padraic
Quantum, Vol. 3
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Universal Quantum Control through Deep Reinforcement Learning
conference, January 2019

Niu, Murphy Yuezhen; Boixo, Sergio; Smelyanskiy, Vadim N.
AIAA Scitech 2019 Forum
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Reducing resources for verification of quantum computations
journal, August 2018

Ferracin, Samuele; Kapourniotis, Theodoros; Datta, Animesh
Physical Review A, Vol. 98, Issue 2
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Topology-dependent quantum dynamics and entanglement-dependent topological pumping in superconducting qubit chains
journal, September 2018

Mei, Feng; Chen, Gang; Tian, Lin
Physical Review A, Vol. 98, Issue 3
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qTorch: The Quantum Tensor Contraction Handler
text, January 2017

Fried, E. Schuyler; Sawaya, Nicolas P. D.; Cao, Yudong
arXiv
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Sampling and scrambling on a chain of superconducting qubits
text, January 2017

Geller, Michael R.
arXiv
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From estimation of quantum probabilities to simulation of quantum circuits
text, January 2017

Pashayan, Hakop; Bartlett, Stephen D.; Gross, David
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1712.02806

Optimising Matrix Product State Simulations of Shor's Algorithm
text, January 2017

Dang, Aidan; Hill, Charles D.; Hollenberg, Lloyd C. L.
arXiv
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Quantum Computing in the NISQ era and beyond
text, January 2018

Preskill, John
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1801.00862

Classical simulation of photonic linear optics with lost particles
text, January 2018

Oszmaniec, Michał; Brod, Daniel J.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1801.06166

A Quantum N-Queens Solver
text, January 2018

Torggler, Valentin; Aumann, Philipp; Ritsch, Helmut
arXiv
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Universal Quantum Control through Deep Reinforcement Learning
preprint, January 2018

Niu, Murphy Yuezhen; Boixo, Sergio; Smelyanskiy, Vadim
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1803.01857

Methods for Classically Simulating Noisy Networked Quantum Architectures
text, January 2018

Vankov, Iskren; Mills, Daniel; Wallden, Petros
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1803.04167

Quantum approximate optimization with Gaussian boson sampling
text, January 2018

Arrazola, Juan Miguel; Bromley, Thomas R.; Rebentrost, Patrick
arXiv
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Towards Quantum Machine Learning with Tensor Networks
text, January 2018

Huggins, William; Patel, Piyush; Whaley, K. Birgitta
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1803.11537

Quantum computational supremacy in the sampling of bosonic random walkers on a one-dimensional lattice
text, January 2018

Muraleedharan, Gopikrishnan; Miyake, Akimasa; Deutsch, Ivan H.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1805.01858

Untangling entanglement and chaos
text, January 2018

Kumari, Meenu; Ghose, Shohini
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1806.10545

Substrate surface engineering for high-quality silicon/aluminum superconducting resonators
text, January 2018

Earnest, C. T.; Béjanin, J. H.; McConkey, T. G.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1807.08072

Simulation of quantum circuits by low-rank stabilizer decompositions
text, January 2018

Bravyi, Sergey; Browne, Dan; Calpin, Padraic
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1808.00128

Entanglement Scaling in Quantum Advantage Benchmarks
text, January 2018

Biamonte, Jacob D.; Morales, Mauro E. S.; Koh, Dax Enshan
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1808.00460

Entangling an arbitrary pair of qubits in a long ion crystal
text, January 2018

Leung, Pak Hong; Brown, Kenneth R.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1808.02555

Learning and Inference on Generative Adversarial Quantum Circuits
text, January 2018

Zeng, Jinfeng; Wu, Yufeng; Liu, Jin-Guo
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1808.03425

Estimating the Density of States of Frustrated Spin Systems
text, January 2018

Barash, Lev; Marshall, Jeffrey; Weigel, Martin
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1808.04340

Quantum computational chemistry
text, January 2018

McArdle, Sam; Endo, Suguru; Aspuru-Guzik, Alan
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1808.10402

Suppression of Qubit Crosstalk in a Tunable Coupling Superconducting Circuit
text, January 2018

Mundada, Pranav S.; Zhang, Gengyan; Hazard, Thomas
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1810.04182

Validating quantum computers using randomized model circuits
text, January 2018

Cross, Andrew W.; Bishop, Lev S.; Sheldon, Sarah
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1811.12926

Topology-dependent quantum dynamics and entanglement-dependent topological pumping in superconducting qubit chains
text, January 2019

Mei, Feng; Chen, Gang; Tian, Lin
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1901.03220

Predicting quantum advantage by quantum walk with convolutional neural networks
text, January 2019

Melnikov, Alexey A.; Fedichkin, Leonid E.; Alodjants, Alexander
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1901.10632

Decoding quantum errors with subspace expansions
text, January 2019

McClean, Jarrod R.; Jiang, Zhang; Rubin, Nicholas C.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1903.05786

Critical behavior at the localization transition on random regular graphs
text, January 2019

Tikhonov, K. S.; Mirlin, A. D.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1903.07877

Variational Quantum Unsampling on a Quantum Photonic Processor
text, January 2019

Carolan, Jacques; Mohseni, Masoud; Olson, Jonathan P.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1904.10463

Anti-Zeno quantum advantage in fast-driven heat machines
text, January 2019

Mukherjee, Victor; Kofman, Abraham G.; Kurizki, Gershon
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1905.00665

Quantum Chemistry as a Benchmark for Near-Term Quantum Computers
preprint, January 2019

McCaskey, Alexander J.; Parks, Zachary P.; Jakowski, Jacek
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1905.01534

General-purpose quantum circuit simulator with Projected Entangled-Pair States and the quantum supremacy frontier
text, January 2019

Guo, Chu; Liu, Yong; Xiong, Min
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1905.08394

Near-Term Quantum-Classical Associative Adversarial Networks
text, January 2019

Anschuetz, Eric R.; Zanoci, Cristian
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1905.13205

High-dimensional quantum communication: benefits, progress, and future challenges
text, January 2019

Cozzolino, Daniele; Da Lio, Beatrice; Bacco, Davide
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1910.07220

Quantum phase transition with inhomogeneous driving in the Lechner-Hauke-Zoller model
journalarticle, January 2019

Hartmann, Andreas; Lechner, Wolfgang
Zenodo
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Averaged Circuit Eigenvalue Sampling
text, January 2022

Flammia, Steven T.
Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik
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Quantum Divide and Compute: Exploring the Effect of Different Noise Sources
journal, March 2021

Ayral, Thomas; Régent, François-Marie Le; Saleem, Zain
SN Computer Science, Vol. 2, Issue 3
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Barren plateaus in quantum neural network training landscapes
journal, November 2018

McClean, Jarrod R.; Boixo, Sergio; Smelyanskiy, Vadim N.
Nature Communications, Vol. 9, Issue 1
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Experimental demonstration of quantum advantage for one-way communication complexity surpassing best-known classical protocol
journal, September 2019

Kumar, Niraj; Kerenidis, Iordanis; Diamanti, Eleni
Nature Communications, Vol. 10, Issue 1
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Pathways to cellular supremacy in biocomputing
journal, November 2019

Grozinger, Lewis; Amos, Martyn; Gorochowski, Thomas E.
Nature Communications, Vol. 10, Issue 1
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Low-cost quantum circuits for classically intractable instances of the Hamiltonian dynamics simulation problem
journal, May 2019

Nam, Yunseong; Maslov, Dmitri
npj Quantum Information, Vol. 5, Issue 1
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Quantum fluctuation theorem for error diagnostics in quantum annealers
journal, November 2018

Gardas, Bartłomiej; Deffner, Sebastian
Scientific Reports, Vol. 8, Issue 1
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Orthodontic Treatment Planning based on Artificial Neural Networks
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Li, Peilin; Kong, Deyu; Tang, Tian
Scientific Reports, Vol. 9, Issue 1
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Geometric quantum speed limits: a case for Wigner phase space
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Deffner, Sebastian
New Journal of Physics, Vol. 19, Issue 10
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Quantum advantage of unitary Clifford circuits with magic state inputs
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Yoganathan, Mithuna; Jozsa, Richard; Strelchuk, Sergii
Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, Vol. 475, Issue 2225
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In situ characterization of linear-optical networks in randomized boson sampling
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Rahimi-Keshari, Saleh; Baghbanzadeh, Sima; Caves, Carlton M.
Physical Review A, Vol. 101, Issue 4
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Implementing quantum algorithms on temporal photonic cluster states
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Su, Daiqin; Sabapathy, Krishna Kumar; Myers, Casey R.
Physical Review A, Vol. 98, Issue 3
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Variational Inference with a Quantum Computer
journal, October 2021

Benedetti, Marcello; Coyle, Brian; Fiorentini, Mattia
Physical Review Applied, Vol. 16, Issue 4
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Just Like the Real Thing: Fast Weak Simulation of Quantum Computation
conference, July 2020

Hillmich, Stefan; Markov, Igor L.; Wille, Robert
2020 57th ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference (DAC)
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How to Efficiently Handle Complex Values? Implementing Decision Diagrams for Quantum Computing
conference, November 2019

Zulehner, Alwin; Hillmich, Stefan; Wille, Robert
2019 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design (ICCAD)
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Quantum Supremacy Circuit Simulation on Sunway TaihuLight
journal, April 2020

Li, Riling; Wu, Bujiao; Ying, Mingsheng
IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, Vol. 31, Issue 4
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Robust quantum optimizer with full connectivity
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Nigg, Simon E.; Lörch, Niels; Tiwari, Rakesh P.
Science Advances, Vol. 3, Issue 4
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Optimized Compilation of Aggregated Instructions for Realistic Quantum Computers
conference, April 2019

Shi, Yunong; Leung, Nelson; Gokhale, Pranav
ASPLOS '19: Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems, Proceedings of the Twenty-Fourth International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems
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Extracting Success from IBM’s 20-Qubit Machines Using Error-Aware Compilation
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Nishio, Shin; Pan, Yulu; Satoh, Takahiko
ACM Journal on Emerging Technologies in Computing Systems, Vol. 16, Issue 3
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Benchmarking treewidth as a practical component of tensor network simulations
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Dumitrescu, Eugene F.; Fisher, Allison L.; Goodrich, Timothy D.
PLOS ONE, Vol. 13, Issue 12
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qTorch: The quantum tensor contraction handler
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Fried, E. Schuyler; Sawaya, Nicolas P. D.; Cao, Yudong
PLOS ONE, Vol. 13, Issue 12
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Achieving quantum supremacy with sparse and noisy commuting quantum computations
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Bremner, Michael J.; Montanaro, Ashley; Shepherd, Dan J.
Quantum, Vol. 1
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From estimation of quantum probabilities to simulation of quantum circuits
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Pashayan, Hakop; Bartlett, Stephen D.; Gross, David
Quantum, Vol. 4
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Reinforcement Learning Using Quantum Boltzmann Machines
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Crawford, Daniel; Levit, Anna; Ghadermarzy, Navid
arXiv
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Architectures for quantum simulation showing a quantum speedup
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Bermejo-Vega, J.; Hangleiter, D.; Schwarz, M.
arXiv
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0.5 Petabyte Simulation of a 45-Qubit Quantum Circuit
text, January 2017

Häner, Thomas; Steiger, Damian S.
arXiv
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No imminent quantum supremacy by boson sampling
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Neville, Alex; Sparrow, Chris; Clifford, Raphaël
arXiv
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A blueprint for demonstrating quantum supremacy with superconducting qubits
text, January 2017

Neill, C.; Roushan, P.; Kechedzhi, K.
arXiv
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Verification of quantum computation: An overview of existing approaches
text, January 2017

Gheorghiu, Alexandru; Kapourniotis, Theodoros; Kashefi, Elham
arXiv
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Robust quantum state transfer via topological edge states in superconducting qubit chains
text, January 2017

Mei, Feng; Chen, Gang; Tian, Lin
arXiv
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Why the Equifax Breach Should Not Have Mattered
preprint, January 2018

Lohstroh, Marten
arXiv
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Quantum Computing in the NISQ era and beyond
text, January 2018

Preskill, John
arXiv
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Strawberry Fields: A Software Platform for Photonic Quantum Computing
text, January 2018

Killoran, Nathan; Izaac, Josh; Quesada, Nicolás
arXiv
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Quantum computing cryptography: Finding cryptographic Boolean functions with quantum annealing by a 2000 qubit D-wave quantum computer
text, January 2018

Hu, Feng; Lamata, Lucas; Sanz, Mikel
arXiv
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Benchmarking treewidth as a practical component of tensor-network--based quantum simulation
text, January 2018

Dumitrescu, Eugene F.; Fisher, Allison L.; Goodrich, Timothy D.
arXiv
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Validating Quantum-Classical Programming Models with Tensor Network Simulations
text, January 2018

McCaskey, Alexander; Dumitrescu, Eugene; Chen, Mengsu
arXiv
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Quantum Computational Supremacy
text, January 2018

Harrow, Aram W.; Montanaro, Ashley
arXiv
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Generalized Unitary Coupled Cluster Wavefunctions for Quantum Computation
text, January 2018

Lee, Joonho; Huggins, William J.; Head-Gordon, Martin
arXiv
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Self-consistent tomography of temporally correlated errors
preprint, January 2018

Huo, Mingxia; Li, Ying
arXiv
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Sample complexity of device-independently certified "quantum supremacy"
text, January 2018

Hangleiter, Dominik; Kliesch, Martin; Eisert, Jens
arXiv
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QAOA for Max-Cut requires hundreds of qubits for quantum speed-up
text, January 2018

Guerreschi, G. G.; Matsuura, A. Y.
arXiv
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Decoding quantum errors with subspace expansions
text, January 2019

McClean, Jarrod R.; Jiang, Zhang; Rubin, Nicholas C.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1903.05786

Unitary designs from statistical mechanics in random quantum circuits
preprint, January 2019

Hunter-Jones, Nicholas
arXiv
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Anomalous Charge Noise in Superconducting Qubits
text, January 2019

Christensen, B. G.; Wilen, C. D.; Opremcak, A.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1905.13712

Quantum-inspired memory-enhanced stochastic algorithms
preprint, January 2019

Realpe-Gómez, John; Killoran, Nathan
arXiv
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Closing gaps of a quantum advantage with short-time Hamiltonian dynamics
text, January 2019

Haferkamp, Jonas; Hangleiter, Dominik; Bouland, Adam
arXiv
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Scalable probes of measurement-induced criticality
text, January 2019

Gullans, Michael J.; Huse, David A.
arXiv
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High-dimensional quantum communication: benefits, progress, and future challenges
text, January 2019

Cozzolino, Daniele; Da Lio, Beatrice; Bacco, Davide
arXiv
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Quantum supremacy in driven quantum many-body systems
text, January 2020

Tangpanitanon, Jirawat; Thanasilp, Supanut; Lemonde, Marc-Antoine
arXiv
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Practical verification protocols for analog quantum simulators
text, January 2020

Shaffer, Ryan; Megidish, Eli; Broz, Joseph
arXiv
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Intrinsic sign problems in topological quantum field theories
text, January 2020

Smith, Adam; Golan, Omri; Ringel, Zohar
arXiv
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Quantum Computation
preprint, January 2020

Bishnoi, Bhupesh
arXiv
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Efficient 2D Tensor Network Simulation of Quantum Systems
preprint, January 2020

Pang, Yuchen; Hao, Tianyi; Dugad, Annika
arXiv
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A CMOS-compatible Ising Machine with Bistable Nodes
preprint, January 2020

Afoakwa, Richard; Zhang, Yiqiao; Vengalam, Uday Kumar Reddy
arXiv
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Theory of quantum system certification: a tutorial
text, January 2020

Kliesch, Martin; Roth, Ingo
arXiv
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Simulation of Quantum Computing on Classical Supercomputers
text, January 2020

Zhao, Ya-Qian; Li, Ren-Gang; Jiang, Jin-Zhe
arXiv
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TILT: Achieving Higher Fidelity on a Trapped-Ion Linear-Tape Quantum Computing Architecture
preprint, January 2020

Wu, Xin-Chuan; Debroy, Dripto M.; Ding, Yongshan
arXiv
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Power of data in quantum machine learning
text, January 2020

Huang, Hsin-Yuan; Broughton, Michael; Mohseni, Masoud
arXiv
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As Accurate as Needed, as Efficient as Possible: Approximations in DD-based Quantum Circuit Simulation
preprint, January 2020

Hillmich, Stefan; Kueng, Richard; Markov, Igor L.
arXiv
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Modelling and Simulating the Noisy Behaviour of Near-term Quantum Computers
text, January 2021

Georgopoulos, Konstantinos; Emary, Clive; Zuliani, Paolo
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2101.02109

Statistical Analysis of Quantum Annealing
preprint, January 2021

Song, Xinyu; Wang, Yazhen; Wu, Shang
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2101.06854

Classical simulation of lossy boson sampling using matrix product operators
text, January 2021

Oh, Changhun; Noh, Kyungjoo; Fefferman, Bill
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2101.11234

Benchmarking Quantum Chemistry Computations with Variational, Imaginary Time Evolution, and Krylov Space Solver Algorithms
preprint, January 2021

Yeter-Aydeniz, Kübra; Gard, Bryan T.; Jakowski, Jacek
arXiv
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Classical simulation of bosonic linear-optical random circuits beyond linear light cone
preprint, January 2021

Oh, Changhun; Lim, Youngrong; Fefferman, Bill
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2102.10083

Advances in Space Quantum Communications
text, January 2021

Sidhu, Jasminder S.; Joshi, Siddarth K.; Gundogan, Mustafa
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2103.12749

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Title: Characterizing quantum supremacy in near-term devices

Abstract

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Randomized benchmarking of quantum gates journal, January 2008

Are Random Pure States Useful for Quantum Computation? journal, May 2009

Stability of quantum motion in chaotic and regular systems journal, October 1984

Superconducting quantum circuits at the surface code threshold for fault tolerance journal, April 2014

Scalable and Robust Randomized Benchmarking of Quantum Processes journal, May 2011

Ballistic Spreading of Entanglement in a Diffusive Nonintegrable System journal, September 2013

Quantum computing, postselection, and probabilistic polynomial-time journal, August 2005

Direct Fidelity Estimation from Few Pauli Measurements journal, June 2011

Commuting quantum circuits and complexity of Ising partition functions journal, March 2017

Hypersensitivity to perturbations in the quantum baker’s map journal, July 1993

Fluctuations of Nuclear Reaction Widths journal, October 1956

Improved Classical Simulation of Quantum Circuits Dominated by Clifford Gates journal, June 2016

Average-Case Complexity Versus Approximate Simulation of Commuting Quantum Computations journal, August 2016

Dynamics of Loschmidt echoes and fidelity decay journal, November 2006

Efficiency of producing random unitary matrices with quantum circuits journal, December 2008

Parameters of pseudorandom quantum circuits journal, November 2008

Achieving quantum supremacy with sparse and noisy commuting quantum computations journal, April 2017

Surface codes: Towards practical large-scale quantum computation journal, September 2012

The computational complexity of linear optics conference, January 2011

State preservation by repetitive error detection in a superconducting quantum circuit journal, March 2015

Entanglement and the generation of random states in the quantum chaotic dynamics of kicked coupled tops journal, October 2008

Classical simulation of commuting quantum computations implies collapse of the polynomial hierarchy journal, July 2010

Random Quantum Circuits are Approximate 2-designs journal, July 2009

Pseudo-Random Unitary Operators for Quantum Information Processing journal, December 2003

Hypersensitivity and chaos signatures in the quantum baker's maps journal, October 2006

Quantum Signatures of Chaos book, January 2010

Single ion qubit with estimated coherence time exceeding one hour journal, January 2021

Randomized Benchmarking of Quantum Gates text, January 2007

Parameters of Pseudo-Random Quantum Circuits text, January 2008

Are random pure states useful for quantum computation? text, January 2008

Classical simulation of commuting quantum computations implies collapse of the polynomial hierarchy text, January 2010

Ballistic spreading of entanglement in a diffusive nonintegrable system text, January 2013

The complexity of approximating complex-valued Ising and Tutte partition functions preprint, January 2014

State preservation by repetitive error detection in a superconducting quantum circuit text, January 2014

Average-case complexity versus approximate simulation of commuting quantum computations text, January 2015

Chaos in quantum channels text, January 2015

Scalable Noise Estimation with Random Unitary Operators text, January 2005

Simulating quantum computation by contracting tensor networks text, January 2005

High‐Dimensional Quantum Communication: Benefits, Progress, and Future Challenges journal, October 2019

Superconductor Electronics: Status and Outlook journal, November 2018

Simulated versus reduced noise quantum annealing in maximum independent set solution to wireless network scheduling journal, November 2018

Implementation of quantum secret sharing and quantum binary voting protocol in the IBM quantum computer journal, December 2019

Barren plateaus in quantum neural network training landscapes journal, November 2018

Experimental demonstration of quantum advantage for one-way communication complexity surpassing best-known classical protocol journal, September 2019

Pathways to cellular supremacy in biocomputing journal, November 2019

Decoding quantum errors with subspace expansions journal, January 2020

Universal quantum control through deep reinforcement learning journal, April 2019

Realisation of high-fidelity nonadiabatic CZ gates with superconducting qubits journal, October 2019

Quantum chemistry as a benchmark for near-term quantum computers journal, November 2019

Simulating quantum many-body dynamics on a current digital quantum computer journal, November 2019

On the complexity and verification of quantum random circuit sampling journal, October 2018

Variational quantum unsampling on a quantum photonic processor journal, January 2020

Quantum supremacy using a programmable superconducting processor journal, October 2019

Quantum fluctuation theorem for error diagnostics in quantum annealers journal, November 2018

Orthodontic Treatment Planning based on Artificial Neural Networks journal, February 2019

QAOA for Max-Cut requires hundreds of qubits for quantum speed-up journal, May 2019

Anti-Zeno quantum advantage in fast-driven heat machines journal, January 2020

A quantum engineer's guide to superconducting qubits journal, June 2019

Efficient demultiplexed single-photon source with a quantum dot coupled to a nanophotonic waveguide journal, July 2019

Substrate surface engineering for high-quality silicon/aluminum superconducting resonators journal, November 2018

Classical simulation of photonic linear optics with lost particles journal, September 2018

Estimating the density of states of frustrated spin systems journal, July 2019

Accrediting outputs of noisy intermediate-scale quantum computing devices journal, November 2019

Towards quantum machine learning with tensor networks journal, January 2019

Decoherence of up to 8-qubit entangled states in a 16-qubit superconducting quantum processor journal, April 2019

Analog errors in Ising machines journal, April 2019

Stochastic estimation of dynamical variables journal, May 2019

Methods for classically simulating noisy networked quantum architectures journal, November 2019

Quantum phase transition with inhomogeneous driving in the Lechner-Hauke-Zoller model journal, September 2019

Digital quantum simulation of fermionic models with a superconducting circuit
journal, July 2015

Generic Entanglement Can Be Generated Efficiently
journal, March 2007

The Complexity of Approximating complex-valued Ising and Tutte partition functions
journal, September 2017

Scalable noise estimation with random unitary operators
journal, September 2005

Random-matrix theory of quantum transport
journal, July 1997

Simulating Quantum Computation by Contracting Tensor Networks
journal, January 2008

Chaos in quantum channels
journal, February 2016

Operational Interpretation for Global Multipartite Entanglement
journal, March 2008

Randomized benchmarking of quantum gates
journal, January 2008

Are Random Pure States Useful for Quantum Computation?
journal, May 2009

Stability of quantum motion in chaotic and regular systems
journal, October 1984

Superconducting quantum circuits at the surface code threshold for fault tolerance
journal, April 2014

Scalable and Robust Randomized Benchmarking of Quantum Processes
journal, May 2011

Ballistic Spreading of Entanglement in a Diffusive Nonintegrable System
journal, September 2013

Quantum computing, postselection, and probabilistic polynomial-time
journal, August 2005

Direct Fidelity Estimation from Few Pauli Measurements
journal, June 2011

Commuting quantum circuits and complexity of Ising partition functions
journal, March 2017

Hypersensitivity to perturbations in the quantum baker’s map
journal, July 1993

Fluctuations of Nuclear Reaction Widths
journal, October 1956

Improved Classical Simulation of Quantum Circuits Dominated by Clifford Gates
journal, June 2016

Average-Case Complexity Versus Approximate Simulation of Commuting Quantum Computations
journal, August 2016

Dynamics of Loschmidt echoes and fidelity decay
journal, November 2006

Efficiency of producing random unitary matrices with quantum circuits
journal, December 2008

Parameters of pseudorandom quantum circuits
journal, November 2008

Achieving quantum supremacy with sparse and noisy commuting quantum computations
journal, April 2017

Surface codes: Towards practical large-scale quantum computation
journal, September 2012

The computational complexity of linear optics
conference, January 2011

State preservation by repetitive error detection in a superconducting quantum circuit
journal, March 2015

Entanglement and the generation of random states in the quantum chaotic dynamics of kicked coupled tops
journal, October 2008

Classical simulation of commuting quantum computations implies collapse of the polynomial hierarchy
journal, July 2010

Random Quantum Circuits are Approximate 2-designs
journal, July 2009

Pseudo-Random Unitary Operators for Quantum Information Processing
journal, December 2003

Hypersensitivity and chaos signatures in the quantum baker's maps
journal, October 2006

Quantum Signatures of Chaos
book, January 2010

Single ion qubit with estimated coherence time exceeding one hour
journal, January 2021

Randomized Benchmarking of Quantum Gates
text, January 2007

Parameters of Pseudo-Random Quantum Circuits
text, January 2008

Are random pure states useful for quantum computation?
text, January 2008

Classical simulation of commuting quantum computations implies collapse of the polynomial hierarchy
text, January 2010

Ballistic spreading of entanglement in a diffusive nonintegrable system
text, January 2013

The complexity of approximating complex-valued Ising and Tutte partition functions
preprint, January 2014

State preservation by repetitive error detection in a superconducting quantum circuit
text, January 2014

Average-case complexity versus approximate simulation of commuting quantum computations
text, January 2015

Chaos in quantum channels
text, January 2015

Scalable Noise Estimation with Random Unitary Operators
text, January 2005

Simulating quantum computation by contracting tensor networks
text, January 2005

High‐Dimensional Quantum Communication: Benefits, Progress, and Future Challenges
journal, October 2019

Superconductor Electronics: Status and Outlook
journal, November 2018

Simulated versus reduced noise quantum annealing in maximum independent set solution to wireless network scheduling
journal, November 2018

Implementation of quantum secret sharing and quantum binary voting protocol in the IBM quantum computer
journal, December 2019

Barren plateaus in quantum neural network training landscapes
journal, November 2018

Experimental demonstration of quantum advantage for one-way communication complexity surpassing best-known classical protocol
journal, September 2019

Pathways to cellular supremacy in biocomputing
journal, November 2019

Decoding quantum errors with subspace expansions
journal, January 2020

Universal quantum control through deep reinforcement learning
journal, April 2019

Realisation of high-fidelity nonadiabatic CZ gates with superconducting qubits
journal, October 2019

Quantum chemistry as a benchmark for near-term quantum computers
journal, November 2019

Simulating quantum many-body dynamics on a current digital quantum computer
journal, November 2019

On the complexity and verification of quantum random circuit sampling
journal, October 2018

Variational quantum unsampling on a quantum photonic processor
journal, January 2020

Quantum supremacy using a programmable superconducting processor
journal, October 2019

Quantum fluctuation theorem for error diagnostics in quantum annealers
journal, November 2018

Orthodontic Treatment Planning based on Artificial Neural Networks
journal, February 2019

QAOA for Max-Cut requires hundreds of qubits for quantum speed-up
journal, May 2019

Anti-Zeno quantum advantage in fast-driven heat machines
journal, January 2020

A quantum engineer's guide to superconducting qubits
journal, June 2019

Efficient demultiplexed single-photon source with a quantum dot coupled to a nanophotonic waveguide
journal, July 2019

Substrate surface engineering for high-quality silicon/aluminum superconducting resonators
journal, November 2018

Classical simulation of photonic linear optics with lost particles
journal, September 2018

Estimating the density of states of frustrated spin systems
journal, July 2019

Accrediting outputs of noisy intermediate-scale quantum computing devices
journal, November 2019

Towards quantum machine learning with tensor networks
journal, January 2019

Decoherence of up to 8-qubit entangled states in a 16-qubit superconducting quantum processor
journal, April 2019

Analog errors in Ising machines
journal, April 2019

Stochastic estimation of dynamical variables
journal, May 2019

Methods for classically simulating noisy networked quantum architectures
journal, November 2019

Quantum phase transition with inhomogeneous driving in the Lechner-Hauke-Zoller model
journal, September 2019

Validating quantum computers using randomized model circuits
journal, September 2019

Near-term quantum-classical associative adversarial networks
journal, November 2019

Approaching the chaotic regime with a fully connected superconducting quantum processor
journal, December 2019