Poly-Amide Modified Copper Foam Electrodes for Enhanced Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide

Ahn, Sunyhik; Klyukin, Konstantin; Wakeham, Russell J.; Rudd, Jennifer A.; Lewis, Aled R.; Alexander, Shirin; Carla, Francesco; Alexandrov, Vitaly; Andreoli, Enrico

doi:10.1021/acscatal.7b04347

Title: Poly-Amide Modified Copper Foam Electrodes for Enhanced Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide

Abstract

A strategy to modulate the electrocatalytic activity of copper toward CO₂ reduction involving adsorption of acrylamide, acrylic acid, and allylamine polymers is presented. Modification of electrodeposited copper foam with poly(acrylamide) leads to a significant enhancement in faradaic efficiency for ethylene from 13% (unmodified foam) to 26% at -0.96 V vs RHE, whereas methane yield is unaffected. Effects from crystalline phase distribution and copper oxide phases are ruled out as the source of enhancement through XPS and in situ XRD analysis. DFT calculations reveal that poly(acrylamide) adsorbs on the copper surface via the oxygen atom on the carbonyl groups and enhances ethylene formation by (i) charge donation to the copper surface that activates CO for dimerization, (ii) chemical stabilization of the CO dimer (a key intermediate for C₂ products) by hydrogen-bond interactions with the -NH₂ group, and (iii) facilitating the adsorption of CO molecules near the polymer, increasing local surface coverage. Poly(acrylamide) with copper acts as a multipoint binding catalytic system where the interplay between activation and stabilization of intermediates results in enhanced selectivity toward ethylene formation. Finally, modification with poly(acrylic acid) which has a similar structure to poly(acrylamide) also shows some enhancement in activity but is unstable, whereas poly(allylamine) completelymore »« less

Authors:

Ahn, Sunyhik ^[1];

^[2];

^[1]; Rudd, Jennifer A. ^[1]; Lewis, Aled R. ^[1];

^[1]; Carla, Francesco ^[3]; Alexandrov, Vitaly ^[2];

^[1]

Swansea Univ., Swansea (United Kingdom). Energy Safety Research Inst.
Univ. of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE (United States). Dept. of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble (France)

Publication Date:: Tue Apr 03 00:00:00 EDT 2018

Research Org.:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC); Univ. of California, Oakland, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC)

OSTI Identifier:: 1543699

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: ACS Catalysis

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 8; Journal Issue: 5; Journal ID: ISSN 2155-5435

Publisher:: American Chemical Society (ACS)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY; chemistry; electrocatalysis; greenhouse gas; heterogeneous catalyst; modified electrodes; ethylene; DFT; blue moon

Citation Formats


                    Ahn, Sunyhik, Klyukin, Konstantin, Wakeham, Russell J., Rudd, Jennifer A., Lewis, Aled R., Alexander, Shirin, Carla, Francesco, Alexandrov, Vitaly, and Andreoli, Enrico. Poly-Amide Modified Copper Foam Electrodes for Enhanced Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide.  United States: N. p., 2018. 
Web.  doi:10.1021/acscatal.7b04347.

Copy to clipboard


                    Ahn, Sunyhik, Klyukin, Konstantin, Wakeham, Russell J., Rudd, Jennifer A., Lewis, Aled R., Alexander, Shirin, Carla, Francesco, Alexandrov, Vitaly, & Andreoli, Enrico. Poly-Amide Modified Copper Foam Electrodes for Enhanced Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.7b04347

Copy to clipboard


                    Ahn, Sunyhik, Klyukin, Konstantin, Wakeham, Russell J., Rudd, Jennifer A., Lewis, Aled R., Alexander, Shirin, Carla, Francesco, Alexandrov, Vitaly, and Andreoli, Enrico. Tue .  
"Poly-Amide Modified Copper Foam Electrodes for Enhanced Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.7b04347.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1543699.

Copy to clipboard


                    
@article{osti_1543699,

  title        = {Poly-Amide Modified Copper Foam Electrodes for Enhanced Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide},

  author       = {Ahn, Sunyhik and Klyukin, Konstantin and Wakeham, Russell J. and Rudd, Jennifer A. and Lewis, Aled R. and Alexander, Shirin and Carla, Francesco and Alexandrov, Vitaly and Andreoli, Enrico},

  abstractNote = {A strategy to modulate the electrocatalytic activity of copper toward CO2 reduction involving adsorption of acrylamide, acrylic acid, and allylamine polymers is presented. Modification of electrodeposited copper foam with poly(acrylamide) leads to a significant enhancement in faradaic efficiency for ethylene from 13% (unmodified foam) to 26% at -0.96 V vs RHE, whereas methane yield is unaffected. Effects from crystalline phase distribution and copper oxide phases are ruled out as the source of enhancement through XPS and in situ XRD analysis. DFT calculations reveal that poly(acrylamide) adsorbs on the copper surface via the oxygen atom on the carbonyl groups and enhances ethylene formation by (i) charge donation to the copper surface that activates CO for dimerization, (ii) chemical stabilization of the CO dimer (a key intermediate for C2 products) by hydrogen-bond interactions with the -NH2 group, and (iii) facilitating the adsorption of CO molecules near the polymer, increasing local surface coverage. Poly(acrylamide) with copper acts as a multipoint binding catalytic system where the interplay between activation and stabilization of intermediates results in enhanced selectivity toward ethylene formation. Finally, modification with poly(acrylic acid) which has a similar structure to poly(acrylamide) also shows some enhancement in activity but is unstable, whereas poly(allylamine) completely suppresses CO2 reduction in favor of the hydrogen evolution reaction.},

  doi          = {10.1021/acscatal.7b04347},

  journal      = {ACS Catalysis},

  number       = 5,

  volume       = 8,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Tue Apr 03 00:00:00 EDT 2018},

  month        = {Tue Apr 03 00:00:00 EDT 2018}

}

Copy to clipboard

Journal Article:

Free Publicly Available Full Text

Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Publisher's Version of Record

https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.7b04347

Other availability

Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal

Citation Metrics:

Cited by: 105 works

Citation information provided by
Web of Science

Save / Share:

Export Metadata

Save to My Library

Works referenced in this record:

The Holy Grail: Chemistry Enabling an Economically Viable CO ₂ Capture, Utilization, and Storage Strategy
journal, March 2017

Senftle, Thomas P.; Carter, Emily A.
Accounts of Chemical Research, Vol. 50, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00479

The Chemical Route to a Carbon Dioxide Neutral World
journal, February 2017

Martens, Johan A.; Bogaerts, Annemie; De Kimpe, Norbert
ChemSusChem, Vol. 10, Issue 6
DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201601051

PRODUCTION OF CO AND CH ₄ IN ELECTROCHEMICAL REDUCTION OF CO ₂ AT METAL ELECTRODES IN AQUEOUS HYDROGENCARBONATE SOLUTION
journal, November 1985

Hori, Yoshio; Kikuchi, Katsuhei; Suzuki, Shin
Chemistry Letters, Vol. 14, Issue 11
DOI: 10.1246/cl.1985.1695

Electrocatalytic Conversion of Carbon Dioxide to Methane and Methanol on Transition Metal Surfaces
journal, August 2014

Kuhl, Kendra P.; Hatsukade, Toru; Cave, Etosha R.
Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 136, Issue 40
DOI: 10.1021/ja505791r

Understanding trends in electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction rates
journal, May 2017

Liu, Xinyan; Xiao, Jianping; Peng, Hongjie
Nature Communications, Vol. 8, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15438

Activity Descriptors for CO ₂ Electroreduction to Methane on Transition-Metal Catalysts
journal, January 2012

Peterson, Andrew A.; Nørskov, Jens K.
The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, Vol. 3, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1021/jz201461p

CO₂ Reduction at Low Overpotential on Cu Electrodes Resulting from the Reduction of Thick Cu₂O Films
journal, April 2012

Li, Christina W.; Kanan, Matthew W.
Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 134, Issue 17, p. 7231-7234
DOI: 10.1021/ja3010978

Insights into an autonomously formed oxygen-evacuated Cu ₂ O electrode for the selective production of C ₂ H ₄ from CO ₂
journal, January 2015

Kim, Dahee; Lee, Seunghwa; Ocon, Joey D.
Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 17, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1039/C4CP03172E

Electrochemical CO ₂ reduction on Cu ₂ O-derived copper nanoparticles: controlling the catalytic selectivity of hydrocarbons
journal, January 2014

Kas, Recep; Kortlever, Ruud; Milbrat, Alexander
Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., Vol. 16, Issue 24
DOI: 10.1039/C4CP01520G

Mechanistic Insights into the Selective Electroreduction of Carbon Dioxide to Ethylene on Cu ₂ O-Derived Copper Catalysts
journal, September 2016

Handoko, Albertus D.; Ong, Cheng Wai; Huang, Yun
The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 120, Issue 36
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b07128

Selective Formation of C2 Compounds from Electrochemical Reduction of CO ₂ at a Series of Copper Single Crystal Electrodes
journal, January 2002

Hori, Yoshio; Takahashi, Ichiro; Koga, Osamu
The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 106, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1021/jp013478d

Structure Sensitivity of the Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Monoxide on Copper Single Crystals
journal, April 2013

Schouten, Klaas Jan P.; Pérez Gallent, Elena; Koper, Marc T. M.
ACS Catalysis, Vol. 3, Issue 6
DOI: 10.1021/cs4002404

A Molecular Copper Catalyst for Hydrogenation of CO ₂ to Formate
journal, August 2015

Zall, Christopher M.; Linehan, John C.; Appel, Aaron M.
ACS Catalysis, Vol. 5, Issue 9
DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5b01646

Electrochemical CO ₂ Reduction to Hydrocarbons on a Heterogeneous Molecular Cu Catalyst in Aqueous Solution
journal, June 2016

Weng, Zhe; Jiang, Jianbing; Wu, Yueshen
Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 138, Issue 26
DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b04746

Enhanced Electrochemical Methanation of Carbon Dioxide with a Dispersible Nanoscale Copper Catalyst
journal, September 2014

Manthiram, Karthish; Beberwyck, Brandon J.; Alivisatos, A. Paul
Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 136, Issue 38
DOI: 10.1021/ja5065284

Particle Size Effects in the Catalytic Electroreduction of CO ₂ on Cu Nanoparticles
journal, May 2014

Reske, Rulle; Mistry, Hemma; Behafarid, Farzad
Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 136, Issue 19
DOI: 10.1021/ja500328k

Tailoring Copper Nanocrystals towards C ₂ Products in Electrochemical CO ₂ Reduction
journal, April 2016

Loiudice, Anna; Lobaccaro, Peter; Kamali, Esmail A.
Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 55, Issue 19
DOI: 10.1002/anie.201601582

Electrochemical Reduction of CO ₂ at Copper Nanofoams
journal, August 2014

Sen, Sujat; Liu, Dan; Palmore, G. Tayhas R.
ACS Catalysis, Vol. 4, Issue 9
DOI: 10.1021/cs500522g

Electrochemical reduction of CO2 with clathrate hydrate electrolytes and copper foam electrodes
journal, March 2015

DeCiccio, D.; Ahn, S. T.; Sen, S.
Electrochemistry Communications, Vol. 52
DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2015.01.006

Morphology Matters: Tuning the Product Distribution of CO ₂ Electroreduction on Oxide-Derived Cu Foam Catalysts
journal, May 2016

Dutta, Abhijit; Rahaman, Motiar; Luedi, Nicola C.
ACS Catalysis, Vol. 6, Issue 6
DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b00770

Selective Electroreduction of CO ₂ toward Ethylene on Nano Dendritic Copper Catalysts at High Current Density
journal, January 2017

Reller, Christian; Krause, Ralf; Volkova, Elena
Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 7, Issue 12
DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201602114

Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide at low overpotential on a polyaniline/Cu2O nanocomposite based electrode
journal, May 2014

Grace, Andrews Nirmala; Choi, Song Yi; Vinoba, Mari
Applied Energy, Vol. 120
DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.01.022

Robust Electroreduction of CO ₂ at a Poly(4-vinylpyridine)-Copper Electrode
journal, October 2015

Ponnurangam, Sathish; Yun, Chang Min; Chernyshova, Irina V.
ChemElectroChem, Vol. 3, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1002/celc.201500421

Rational Design of Sulfur-Doped Copper Catalysts for the Selective Electroreduction of Carbon Dioxide to Formate
journal, October 2017

Huang, Yun; Deng, Yilin; Handoko, Albertus D.
ChemSusChem, Vol. 11, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201701314

Cu/Cu ₂ O Electrodes and CO ₂ Reduction to Formic Acid: Effects of Organic Additives on Surface Morphology and Activity
journal, August 2016

Huan, Tran Ngoc; Simon, Philippe; Benayad, Anass
Chemistry - A European Journal, Vol. 22, Issue 39
DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602618

Electrochemical reduction of carbondioxide on polypyrrole coated copper electro-catalyst under ambient and high pressure in methanol
journal, August 2013

Aydın, Rezzan; Doğan, Hülya Öztürk; Köleli, Fatih
Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, Vol. 140-141
DOI: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2013.04.021

Amino acid modified copper electrodes for the enhanced selective electroreduction of carbon dioxide towards hydrocarbons
journal, January 2016

Xie, Ming Shi; Xia, Bao Yu; Li, Yawei
Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 9, Issue 5
DOI: 10.1039/C5EE03694A

Amine Scrubbing for CO2 Capture
journal, September 2009

Rochelle, G. T.
Science, Vol. 325, Issue 5948
DOI: 10.1126/science.1176731

Cross-Linking Amine-Rich Compounds into High Performing Selective CO2 Absorbents
journal, December 2014

Andreoli, Enrico; Dillon, Eoghan P.; Cullum, Laurie
Scientific Reports, Vol. 4, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1038/srep07304

CO ₂ Capture Partner Molecules in Highly Loaded PEI Sorbents
journal, September 2017

Koutsianos, Athanasios; Barron, Andrew R.; Andreoli, Enrico
The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 121, Issue 39
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b07541

Efficient iterative schemes for ab initio total-energy calculations using a plane-wave basis set
journal, October 1996

Kresse, G.; Furthmüller, J.
Physical Review B, Vol. 54, Issue 16, p. 11169-11186
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.54.11169

Generalized Gradient Approximation Made Simple
journal, October 1996

Perdew, John P.; Burke, Kieron; Ernzerhof, Matthias
Physical Review Letters, Vol. 77, Issue 18, p. 3865-3868
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.77.3865

A consistent and accurate ab initio parametrization of density functional dispersion correction (DFT-D) for the 94 elements H-Pu
journal, April 2010

Grimme, Stefan; Antony, Jens; Ehrlich, Stephan
The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 132, Issue 15
DOI: 10.1063/1.3382344

A climbing image nudged elastic band method for finding saddle points and minimum energy paths
journal, December 2000

Henkelman, Graeme; Uberuaga, Blas P.; Jónsson, Hannes
The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 113, Issue 22, p. 9901-9904
DOI: 10.1063/1.1329672

A grid-based Bader analysis algorithm without lattice bias
journal, January 2009

Tang, W.; Sanville, E.; Henkelman, G.
Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, Vol. 21, Issue 8
DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/21/8/084204

Full atomistic reaction mechanism with kinetics for CO reduction on Cu(100) from ab initio molecular dynamics free-energy calculations at 298 K
journal, February 2017

Cheng, Tao; Xiao, Hai; Goddard, William A.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 114, Issue 8
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1612106114

Nanoporous Structures Prepared by an Electrochemical Deposition Process
journal, October 2003

Shin, H. -C.; Dong, J.; Liu, M.
Advanced Materials, Vol. 15, Issue 19
DOI: 10.1002/adma.200305160

The effect of hydrogen co-deposition on the morphology of copper electrodeposits. II. Correlation between the properties of electrolytic solutions and the quantity of evolved hydrogen
journal, September 2008

Nikolić, N. D.; Branković, G.; Pavlović, M. G.
Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Vol. 621, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2008.04.006

Phenomenology of a formation of a honeycomb-like structure during copper electrodeposition
journal, December 2006

Nikolić, N. D.; Popov, K. I.; Pavlović, Lj. J.
Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry, Vol. 11, Issue 5
DOI: 10.1007/s10008-006-0222-z

The effect of hydrogen codeposition on the morphology of copper electrodeposits. I. The concept of effective overpotential
journal, March 2006

Nikolić, N. D.; Popov, K. I.; Pavlović, Lj. J.
Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Vol. 588, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2005.12.006

Surface interaction of benzoic acid with a copper electrode
journal, August 1995

Waszczuk, P.; Zelenay, P.; Sobkowski, J.
Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 40, Issue 11
DOI: 10.1016/0013-4686(95)00088-V

Classification of suppressor additives based on synergistic and antagonistic ensemble effects
journal, May 2011

Broekmann, P.; Fluegel, A.; Emnet, C.
Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 56, Issue 13
DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2011.03.015

Beyond interfacial anion/cation pairing: The role of Cu(I) coordination chemistry in additive-controlled copper plating
journal, November 2012

Hai, Nguyen T. M.; Krämer, Karl W.; Fluegel, Alexander
Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 83
DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.07.036

Effect of bromide ions and polyethylene glycol on morphological control of electrodeposited copper foam
journal, July 2010

Tan, Kai; Tian, Min-Bo; Cai, Qiang
Thin Solid Films, Vol. 518, Issue 18
DOI: 10.1016/j.tsf.2010.03.029

Leveling and Microstructural Effects of Additives for Copper Electrodeposition
journal, July 1999

Kelly, James J.; Tian, Chunyan; West, Alan C.
Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 146, Issue 7
DOI: 10.1149/1.1391968

Effects of (NH4)2SO4 and BTA on the nanostructure of copper foam prepared by electrodeposition
journal, October 2011

Nam, DoHwan; Kim, RyoungHee; Han, DongWook
Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 56, Issue 25
DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2011.08.025

Calculation for the cathode surface concentrations in the electrochemical reduction of CO2 in KHCO3 solutions
journal, October 2005

Gupta, N.; Gattrell, M.; MacDougall, B.
Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, Vol. 36, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1007/s10800-005-9058-y

In situ probing of interfacial processes in the electrodeposition of copper by confocal Raman microspectroscopy
journal, April 1998

Texier, F.; Servant, L.; Bruneel, J. L.
Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Vol. 446, Issue 1-2
DOI: 10.1016/S0022-0728(97)00575-5

Towards Structural Analysis of Polymeric Contaminants in Electrodeposited Cu films
journal, May 2016

Moreno-García, Pavel; Grimaudo, Valentine; Riedo, Andreas
Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 199
DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.03.123

Corrosion resistance of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine/octadecylamine complex coatings on copper substrate: Corrosion resistance of octadecylamine complex coatings on copper substrate
journal, August 2011

Xu, F. Z.; Chen, S. G.; Chen, Y. Y.
Materials and Corrosion, Vol. 64, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1002/maco.201106103

Effect of cysteine on the anodic dissolution of copper in sulfuric acid medium
journal, August 2004

Matos, J. B.; Pereira, L. P.; Agostinho, S. M. L.
Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Vol. 570, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2004.03.020

New insights into the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide on metallic copper surfaces
journal, January 2012

Kuhl, Kendra P.; Cave, Etosha R.; Abram, David N.
Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 5, Issue 5
DOI: 10.1039/c2ee21234j

“Deactivation of copper electrode” in electrochemical reduction of CO2
journal, September 2005

Hori, Y.; Konishi, H.; Futamura, T.
Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 50, Issue 27
DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2005.03.015

Morphology-Directed Selective Production of Ethylene or Ethane from CO ₂ on a Cu Mesopore Electrode
journal, December 2016

Yang, Ki Dong; Ko, Woo Ri; Lee, Jun Ho
Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 56, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1002/anie.201610432

Selective Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Ethylene and Ethanol on Copper(I) Oxide Catalysts
journal, March 2015

Ren, Dan; Deng, Yilin; Handoko, Albertus Denny
ACS Catalysis, Vol. 5, Issue 5
DOI: 10.1021/cs502128q

Highly selective plasma-activated copper catalysts for carbon dioxide reduction to ethylene
journal, June 2016

Mistry, Hemma; Varela, Ana Sofia; Bonifacio, Cecile S.
Nature Communications, Vol. 7, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12123

Subsurface Oxygen in Oxide-Derived Copper Electrocatalysts for Carbon Dioxide Reduction
journal, December 2016

Eilert, André; Cavalca, Filippo; Roberts, F. Sloan
The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, Vol. 8, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b02273

Cu metal embedded in oxidized matrix catalyst to promote CO ₂ activation and CO dimerization for electrochemical reduction of CO ₂
journal, June 2017

Xiao, Hai; Goddard, William A.; Cheng, Tao
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1702405114

Aromatic amines as proton carriers for catalytic enhancement of hydrogen evolution reaction on copper in acid solutions
journal, September 2012

Văduva, Constantin Claudiu; Vaszilcsin, Nicolae; Kellenberger, Andrea
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 37, Issue 17
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.06.042

Catalytic enhancement of hydrogen evolution reaction on copper in the presence of benzylamine
journal, June 2011

Văduva, Constantin Claudiu; Vaszilcsin, Nicolae; Kellenberger, Andrea
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 36, Issue 12
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2011.03.076

Facet Dependence of CO ₂ Reduction Paths on Cu Electrodes
journal, December 2015

Luo, Wenjia; Nie, Xiaowa; Janik, Michael J.
ACS Catalysis, Vol. 6, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5b01967

CO-CO coupling on Cu facets: Coverage, strain and field effects
journal, December 2016

Sandberg, Robert B.; Montoya, Joseph H.; Chan, Karen
Surface Science, Vol. 654
DOI: 10.1016/j.susc.2016.08.006

Spectroscopic Observation of a Hydrogenated CO Dimer Intermediate During CO Reduction on Cu(100) Electrodes
journal, February 2017

Pérez-Gallent, Elena; Figueiredo, Marta C.; Calle-Vallejo, Federico
Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 56, Issue 13
DOI: 10.1002/anie.201700580

Theoretical Insights into a CO Dimerization Mechanism in CO ₂ Electroreduction
journal, May 2015

Montoya, Joseph H.; Shi, Chuan; Chan, Karen
The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, Vol. 6, Issue 11
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b00722

Selective electrochemical reduction of CO₂ to ethylene at a three-phase interface on copper(I) halide-confined Cu-mesh electrodes in acidic solutions of potassium halides
journal, April 2004

Yano, H.; Tanaka, T.; Nakayama, M.
Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Vol. 565, Issue 2, p. 287-293
DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2003.10.021

Reduction of CO₂ to Ethylene at Three-Phase Interface Effects of Electrode Substrate and Catalytic Coating
journal, January 2005

Ogura, K.; Oohara, R.; Kudo, Y.
Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 152, Issue 12, p. D213-D219
DOI: 10.1149/1.2073115

Electrochemical Reduction of CO ₂ Using Copper Single-Crystal Surfaces: Effects of CO* Coverage on the Selective Formation of Ethylene
journal, February 2017

Huang, Yun; Handoko, Albertus D.; Hirunsit, Pussana
ACS Catalysis, Vol. 7, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b03147