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Title: Stoichiometric Layered Potassium Transition Metal Oxide for Rechargeable Potassium Batteries

Abstract

K-ion batteries are promising alternative energy storage systems for large-scale applications because of the globally abundant K reserves. K-ion batteries benefit from the lower standard redox potential of K/K+ than that of Na/Na+ and even Li/Li+, which can translate into a higher working voltage. Stable KC8 can also be formed via K intercalation into a graphite anode, which contrasts with the thermodynamically unfavorable Na intercalation into graphite, making graphite a readily available anode for K-ion battery technology. However, to construct practical rocking-chair K-ion batteries, an appropriate cathode material that can accommodate reversible K release and storage is still needed. We show that stoichiometric KCrO2 with a layered O3-type structure can function as a cathode for K-ion batteries and demonstrate a practical rocking-chair K-ion battery. In situ X-ray diffraction and electrochemical titration demonstrate that KxCrO2 is stable for a wide K content, allowing for topotactic K extraction and reinsertion. We further explain why stoichiometric KCrO2 is unique in forming the layered structure unlike other stoichiometric K-transition metal oxide compounds, which form nonlayered structures; this fundamental understanding provides insight for the future design of other layered cathodes for K-ion batteries.

Authors:
ORCiD logo [1];  [2];  [2];  [2];  [2];  [3]; ORCiD logo [2]; ORCiD logo [2]; ORCiD logo [2];  [4]
  1. Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
  2. Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
  3. Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Univ. of Michigan−Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ. Joint Inst., Shanghai (China)
  4. Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC)
OSTI Identifier:
1542320
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC02-05CH11231
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Chemistry of Materials
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 30; Journal Issue: 18; Journal ID: ISSN 0897-4756
Publisher:
American Chemical Society (ACS)
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
25 ENERGY STORAGE; 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE

Citation Formats

Kim, Haegyeom, Seo, Dong-Hwa, Urban, Alexander, Lee, Jinhyuk, Kwon, Deok-Hwang, Bo, Shou-Hang, Shi, Tan, Papp, Joseph K., McCloskey, Bryan D., and Ceder, Gerbrand. Stoichiometric Layered Potassium Transition Metal Oxide for Rechargeable Potassium Batteries. United States: N. p., 2018. Web. doi:10.1021/acs.chemmater.8b03228.
Kim, Haegyeom, Seo, Dong-Hwa, Urban, Alexander, Lee, Jinhyuk, Kwon, Deok-Hwang, Bo, Shou-Hang, Shi, Tan, Papp, Joseph K., McCloskey, Bryan D., & Ceder, Gerbrand. Stoichiometric Layered Potassium Transition Metal Oxide for Rechargeable Potassium Batteries. United States. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.8b03228
Kim, Haegyeom, Seo, Dong-Hwa, Urban, Alexander, Lee, Jinhyuk, Kwon, Deok-Hwang, Bo, Shou-Hang, Shi, Tan, Papp, Joseph K., McCloskey, Bryan D., and Ceder, Gerbrand. Wed . "Stoichiometric Layered Potassium Transition Metal Oxide for Rechargeable Potassium Batteries". United States. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.8b03228. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1542320.
@article{osti_1542320,
title = {Stoichiometric Layered Potassium Transition Metal Oxide for Rechargeable Potassium Batteries},
author = {Kim, Haegyeom and Seo, Dong-Hwa and Urban, Alexander and Lee, Jinhyuk and Kwon, Deok-Hwang and Bo, Shou-Hang and Shi, Tan and Papp, Joseph K. and McCloskey, Bryan D. and Ceder, Gerbrand},
abstractNote = {K-ion batteries are promising alternative energy storage systems for large-scale applications because of the globally abundant K reserves. K-ion batteries benefit from the lower standard redox potential of K/K+ than that of Na/Na+ and even Li/Li+, which can translate into a higher working voltage. Stable KC8 can also be formed via K intercalation into a graphite anode, which contrasts with the thermodynamically unfavorable Na intercalation into graphite, making graphite a readily available anode for K-ion battery technology. However, to construct practical rocking-chair K-ion batteries, an appropriate cathode material that can accommodate reversible K release and storage is still needed. We show that stoichiometric KCrO2 with a layered O3-type structure can function as a cathode for K-ion batteries and demonstrate a practical rocking-chair K-ion battery. In situ X-ray diffraction and electrochemical titration demonstrate that KxCrO2 is stable for a wide K content, allowing for topotactic K extraction and reinsertion. We further explain why stoichiometric KCrO2 is unique in forming the layered structure unlike other stoichiometric K-transition metal oxide compounds, which form nonlayered structures; this fundamental understanding provides insight for the future design of other layered cathodes for K-ion batteries.},
doi = {10.1021/acs.chemmater.8b03228},
journal = {Chemistry of Materials},
number = 18,
volume = 30,
place = {United States},
year = {Wed Aug 29 00:00:00 EDT 2018},
month = {Wed Aug 29 00:00:00 EDT 2018}
}

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