DOE PAGES title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information

Title: Graphene-Based Josephson-Junction Single-Photon Detector

Abstract

In this work, we propose to use graphene-based Josephson junctions (GJJs) to detect single photons in a wide electromagnetic spectrum from visible to radio frequencies. Our approach takes advantage of the exceptionally low electronic heat capacity of monolayer graphene and its constricted thermal conductance to its phonon degrees of freedom. Such a system could provide high-sensitivity photon detection required for research areas including quantum information processing and radio astronomy. As an example, we present our device concepts for GJJ single-photon detectors in both the microwave and infrared regimes. The dark count rate and intrinsic quantum efficiency are computed based on parameters from a measured GJJ, demonstrating feasibility within existing technologies.

Authors:
 [1];  [2];  [3];  [4];  [5];  [6];  [5];  [4];  [6]
  1. Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States); Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA (United States)
  2. Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States); Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) (Spain). ICFO-Inst. de Ciencies Fotoniques
  3. Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA (United States); Pohang Univ. of Science and Technology (POSTECH) (Korea, Republic of)
  4. Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)
  5. Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA (United States)
  6. Raytheon BBN Technologies, Cambridge, MA (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); US Office of Naval Research (ONR); National Science Foundation (NSF)
OSTI Identifier:
1535767
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1376922
Grant/Contract Number:  
SC0001088; N00014-14-1-0349; DMR-1231319
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Physical Review Applied
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 8; Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 2331-7019
Publisher:
American Physical Society (APS)
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND SUPERFLUIDITY; electron thermal conductivity; hybrid quantum systems; photonics; quantum measurements; thermal conductivity; graphene; Josephson junctions; photon counting

Citation Formats

Walsh, Evan D., Efetov, Dmitri K., Lee, Gil-Ho, Heuck, Mikkel, Crossno, Jesse, Ohki, Thomas A., Kim, Philip, Englund, Dirk, and Fong, Kin Chung. Graphene-Based Josephson-Junction Single-Photon Detector. United States: N. p., 2017. Web. doi:10.1103/physrevapplied.8.024022.
Walsh, Evan D., Efetov, Dmitri K., Lee, Gil-Ho, Heuck, Mikkel, Crossno, Jesse, Ohki, Thomas A., Kim, Philip, Englund, Dirk, & Fong, Kin Chung. Graphene-Based Josephson-Junction Single-Photon Detector. United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevapplied.8.024022
Walsh, Evan D., Efetov, Dmitri K., Lee, Gil-Ho, Heuck, Mikkel, Crossno, Jesse, Ohki, Thomas A., Kim, Philip, Englund, Dirk, and Fong, Kin Chung. Thu . "Graphene-Based Josephson-Junction Single-Photon Detector". United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevapplied.8.024022. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1535767.
@article{osti_1535767,
title = {Graphene-Based Josephson-Junction Single-Photon Detector},
author = {Walsh, Evan D. and Efetov, Dmitri K. and Lee, Gil-Ho and Heuck, Mikkel and Crossno, Jesse and Ohki, Thomas A. and Kim, Philip and Englund, Dirk and Fong, Kin Chung},
abstractNote = {In this work, we propose to use graphene-based Josephson junctions (GJJs) to detect single photons in a wide electromagnetic spectrum from visible to radio frequencies. Our approach takes advantage of the exceptionally low electronic heat capacity of monolayer graphene and its constricted thermal conductance to its phonon degrees of freedom. Such a system could provide high-sensitivity photon detection required for research areas including quantum information processing and radio astronomy. As an example, we present our device concepts for GJJ single-photon detectors in both the microwave and infrared regimes. The dark count rate and intrinsic quantum efficiency are computed based on parameters from a measured GJJ, demonstrating feasibility within existing technologies.},
doi = {10.1103/physrevapplied.8.024022},
journal = {Physical Review Applied},
number = 2,
volume = 8,
place = {United States},
year = {Thu Aug 24 00:00:00 EDT 2017},
month = {Thu Aug 24 00:00:00 EDT 2017}
}

Journal Article:
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record

Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 56 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science

Save / Share:

Works referenced in this record:

Inducing superconducting correlation in quantum Hall edge states
journal, April 2017

  • Lee, Gil-Ho; Huang, Ko-Fan; Efetov, Dmitri K.
  • Nature Physics, Vol. 13, Issue 7
  • DOI: 10.1038/nphys4084

Ballistic-like supercurrent in suspended graphene Josephson weak links
journal, November 2013

  • Mizuno, Naomi; Nielsen, Bent; Du, Xu
  • Nature Communications, Vol. 4, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3716

Graphene field-effect transistors as room-temperature terahertz detectors
journal, September 2012

  • Vicarelli, L.; Vitiello, M. S.; Coquillat, D.
  • Nature Materials, Vol. 11, Issue 10
  • DOI: 10.1038/nmat3417

Drude conductivity of Dirac fermions in graphene
journal, April 2011


Single-photon detectors for optical quantum information applications
journal, December 2009


Ultrafast collinear scattering and carrier multiplication in graphene
journal, June 2013

  • Brida, D.; Tomadin, A.; Manzoni, C.
  • Nature Communications, Vol. 4, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2987

Microwave Photon Detector in Circuit QED
journal, April 2009


Electron-phonon cooling in large monolayer graphene devices
journal, February 2016

  • McKitterick, Christopher B.; Prober, Daniel E.; Rooks, Michael J.
  • Physical Review B, Vol. 93, Issue 7
  • DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.93.075410

Shot Noise in Ballistic Graphene
journal, May 2008


Fast Electron Thermometry for Ultrasensitive Calorimetric Detection
journal, January 2015


Robust Concurrent Remote Entanglement Between Two Superconducting Qubits
journal, September 2016


Single-mode heat conduction by photons
journal, November 2006

  • Meschke, Matthias; Guichard, Wiebke; Pekola, Jukka P.
  • Nature, Vol. 444, Issue 7116
  • DOI: 10.1038/nature05276

Quantum oscillations of the critical current and high-field superconducting proximity in ballistic graphene
journal, December 2015

  • Ben Shalom, M.; Zhu, M. J.; Fal’ko, V. I.
  • Nature Physics, Vol. 12, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1038/nphys3592

Bipolar supercurrent in graphene
journal, March 2007

  • Heersche, Hubert B.; Jarillo-Herrero, Pablo; Oostinga, Jeroen B.
  • Nature, Vol. 446, Issue 7131
  • DOI: 10.1038/nature05555

Mesoscopic Superconducting–Normal Metal–Superconducting Transistor
journal, August 1998


Interpretation of the Nonextensivity Parameter q in Some Applications of Tsallis Statistics and Lévy Distributions
journal, March 2000


Microwave Quantum Illumination
journal, February 2015


Josephson critical current in a long mesoscopic S-N-S junction
journal, January 2001


Single microwave-photon detector using an artificial Λ-type three-level system
journal, July 2016

  • Inomata, Kunihiro; Lin, Zhirong; Koshino, Kazuki
  • Nature Communications, Vol. 7, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12303

Temperature fluctuations in the canonical ensemble
journal, November 1992


Ballistic Graphene Josephson Junctions from the Short to the Long Junction Regimes
journal, December 2016


Quantum key distribution over a 40-dB channel loss using superconducting single-photon detectors
journal, June 2007


Electron-phonon mediated heat flow in disordered graphene
journal, September 2012


Measurement of the Electronic Thermal Conductance Channels and Heat Capacity of Graphene at Low Temperature
journal, October 2013


Physics of proximity Josephson sensor
journal, March 2010

  • Voutilainen, J.; Laakso, M. A.; Heikkilä, T. T.
  • Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 107, Issue 6
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.3354042

Shot Noise in Graphene
journal, April 2008


Ballistic Josephson junctions in edge-contacted graphene
journal, July 2015


Microwave Photon Counter Based on Josephson Junctions
journal, November 2011


Dual-gated bilayer graphene hot-electron bolometer
journal, June 2012


Photoexcitation cascade and multiple hot-carrier generation in graphene
journal, February 2013

  • Tielrooij, K. J.; Song, J. C. W.; Jensen, S. A.
  • Nature Physics, Vol. 9, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1038/nphys2564

Microwave-Controlled Generation of Shaped Single Photons in Circuit Quantum Electrodynamics
journal, October 2014


Bolometric response in graphene based superconducting tunnel junctions
journal, April 2012

  • Vora, Heli; Kumaravadivel, Piranavan; Nielsen, Bent
  • Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 100, Issue 15
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.3703117

Hot Electron Cooling by Acoustic Phonons in Graphene
journal, August 2012


Lifetime of the zero-voltage state in Josephson tunnel junctions
journal, June 1974


Electrically Tunable Macroscopic Quantum Tunneling in a Graphene-Based Josephson Junction
journal, September 2011


Measurements of Macroscopic Quantum Tunneling out of the Zero-Voltage State of a Current-Biased Josephson Junction
journal, October 1985


One-Dimensional Electrical Contact to a Two-Dimensional Material
journal, October 2013


Ultrasensitive hot-electron nanobolometers for terahertz astrophysics
journal, July 2008

  • Wei, Jian; Olaya, David; Karasik, Boris S.
  • Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 3, Issue 8
  • DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2008.173

Observation of supercurrent in PbIn-graphene-PbIn Josephson junction
journal, March 2011


Ultrasensitive proximity Josephson sensor with kinetic inductance readout
journal, April 2008

  • Giazotto, Francesco; Heikkilä, Tero T.; Pepe, Giovanni Piero
  • Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 92, Issue 16
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.2908922

Photon-Mediated Thermal Relaxation of Electrons in Nanostructures
journal, July 2004


Detection of Zeptojoule Microwave Pulses Using Electrothermal Feedback in Proximity-Induced Josephson Junctions
journal, July 2016


Unusual Microwave Response of Dirac Quasiparticles in Graphene
journal, June 2006


Phonon Bottleneck in Graphene-Based Josephson Junctions at Millikelvin Temperatures
journal, July 2013


Performance of graphene thermal photon detectors
journal, January 2013

  • McKitterick, Christopher B.; Prober, Daniel E.; Karasik, Boris S.
  • Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 113, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.4789360

Strong Enhancement of Light–Matter Interaction in Graphene Coupled to a Photonic Crystal Nanocavity
journal, October 2012

  • Gan, Xuetao; Mak, Kin Fai; Gao, Yuanda
  • Nano Letters, Vol. 12, Issue 11
  • DOI: 10.1021/nl302746n

Hot electron tunable supercurrent
journal, February 1998

  • Morpurgo, A. F.; Klapwijk, T. M.; van Wees, B. J.
  • Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 72, Issue 8
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.120612

Ultrasensitive and Wide-Bandwidth Thermal Measurements of Graphene at Low Temperatures
journal, July 2012


Electron-phonon heat transfer in monolayer and bilayer graphene
journal, June 2010


Isospin Pomeranchuk effect in twisted bilayer graphene
journal, April 2021


Ultrafast collinear scattering and carrier multiplication in graphene.
text, January 2013

  • Brida, D.; Tomadin, A.; Manzoni, C.
  • Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
  • DOI: 10.17863/cam.33422

Graphene field-effect transistors as room-temperature terahertz detectors.
text, January 2012

  • Vicarelli, L.; Vitiello, Ms; Coquillat, D.
  • Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
  • DOI: 10.17863/cam.33430

Microwave-Controlled Generation of Shaped Single Photons in Circuit Quantum Electrodynamics
text, January 2014


Photoexcitation cascade and multiple hot carrier generation in graphene
conference, May 2013

  • Tielrooij, K. J.; Song, J. C. W.; Jensen, S. A.
  • 2013 Conference on Lasers & Electro-Optics Europe & International Quantum Electronics Conference CLEO EUROPE/IQEC
  • DOI: 10.1109/cleoe-iqec.2013.6801041

Shot Noise in Graphene
text, January 2007


Shot Noise in Ballistic Graphene
text, January 2007


Microwave Photon Detector in Circuit QED
text, January 2008


Physics of Proximity Josephson Sensor
text, January 2009


Drude Conductivity of Dirac Fermions in Graphene
text, January 2010


Observation of Supercurrent in PbIn-Graphene-PbIn Josephson Junction
text, January 2011


Electrically Tunable Macroscopic Quantum Tunneling in a Graphene-based Josephson Junction
text, January 2011


Bolometric response in graphene based superconducting tunnel junctions
text, January 2011


Hot electron cooling by acoustic phonons in graphene
text, January 2012


Electron-phonon mediated heat flow in disordered graphene
text, January 2012


Photo-excitation Cascade and Multiple Carrier Generation in Graphene
text, January 2012


Performance of Graphene Thermal Photon Detectors
text, January 2012


Fast electron thermometry towards ultra-sensitive calorimetric detection
text, January 2014


Ballistic Josephson junctions in edge-contacted graphene
text, January 2015


Microwave Quantum Illumination
text, January 2015


Electron-phonon cooling in large monolayer graphene devices
text, January 2015


Unusual Microwave Response of Dirac Quasiparticles in Graphene
text, January 2006


Single-mode heat conduction by photons
text, January 2006


Nanowire and graphene architectures for Room Temperature THz detection
conference, September 2012

  • Vitiello, M. S.; Coquillat, D.; Vicarelli, L.
  • 2012 37th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves
  • DOI: 10.1109/irmmw-thz.2012.6380288

Works referencing / citing this record:

Hybrid 2D‐Material Photonics with Bound States in the Continuum
journal, September 2019


Breakdown of Zero-Energy Quantum Hall State in Graphene in the Light of Current Fluctuations and Shot Noise
journal, January 2018

  • Laitinen, Antti; Kumar, Manohar; Elo, Teemu
  • Journal of Low Temperature Physics, Vol. 191, Issue 5-6
  • DOI: 10.1007/s10909-018-1855-x

Switching Dynamics of an Underdamped Josephson Junction Coupled to a Microwave Cavity
journal, May 2018


Fast thermal relaxation in cavity-coupled graphene bolometers with a Johnson noise read-out
journal, June 2018


2D materials for quantum information science
journal, August 2019


Current-driven production of vortex-antivortex pairs in planar Josephson junction arrays and phase cracks in long-range order
journal, October 2018

  • Estellés-Duart, Francisco; Ortuño, Miguel; Somoza, Andrés M.
  • Scientific Reports, Vol. 8, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33467-y

Modification of electron-phonon coupling by micromachining and suspension
journal, January 2020

  • Saira, Olli-Pentti; Matheny, Matthew H.; Wang, Libin
  • Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 127, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.5132948

Proximity coupling in superconductor-graphene heterostructures
journal, March 2018


Nonlinear Critical-Current Thermal Response of an Asymmetric Josephson Tunnel Junction
journal, February 2019


Superconducting nanoribbon with a constriction: A quantum-confined Josephson junction
journal, April 2018


Nanoscale quantum calorimetry with electronic temperature fluctuations
journal, November 2018


Proposal to Detect Dark Matter using Axionic Topological Antiferromagnets
journal, September 2019


Hydrodynamics of electrons in graphene
text, January 2017


Nanoscale Quantum Calorimetry with Electronic Temperature Fluctuations
text, January 2018


Modification of electron-phonon coupling by micromachining and suspension
text, January 2019